Journalistisk dækning af danske shitstorme: Genmæle, vidensbidrag og kildekontakt

I denne artikel undersøger vi, hvordan danske journalister dækker det relativt nye, online mediefænomen ’shitstorme’. Vi argumenterer først for, at shitstorme er et biprodukt af negativ electronic word-of-mouth på sociale medier, og at shitstorme skal forstås i sammenhæng med allerede eksisterende studier af medieskandaler. Herefter etablerer vi en analyseramme til vores indholdsanalyse ud fra en række journalistiske idealer, som vi mener, at de fleste professionelle journalister bør kunne tilslutte sig – at journalister bør lytte til og give den anklagede part mulighed for genmæle, forsøge at tilføje nye og eksklusive kilder og perspektiver til deres historier og verificere og faktatjekke informationer. Vores empiri er indsamlet via Infomedia og består af i alt 1.107 artikler, der omhandler 10 shitstorme fra 2019. Vi kan ud fra vores analyse konkludere, at de fleste journalister lader den anklagede part komme til genmæle, og at journalisterne også forsøger at tilføje eksklusive og nye kilder og perspektiver til deres historier. Ydermere kan vi konkludere, at shitstorme, hvor kritikken er rettet mod politiske aktører, i højere grad motiverer kildekontakt. Med afsæt i de analytiske konklusioner diskuterer vi afslutningsvis idealernes relevans i dækningen af shitstorme

Effects of CI-914 in congestive heart failure due to coronary artery disease or idiopathic cardiomyopathy

The hemodynamic effects of CI-914, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, were studied in 12 patients with left ventricular (LV) dysfunction who were undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. CI-914 was infused intravenously at a rate of 0.8 to 7.0 [mu]g/kg/min for 30 to 60 minutes; hemodynamic values were measured every 10 minutes. No effect was seen in the patient receiving 0.8 [mu]g/kg/min. At infusion rates of 1.2 to 2.4 [mu]g/kg/min, cardiac index increased by 14% (p 2, cardiac index increased by 50% (p 2 (group A). Although systemic vascular resistance decreased in all 8 patients by 26% (p 2; the double product fell from 101 +/- 31 to 91 +/- 23 (NS). In all 12 patients, a linear correlation between peak venous blood concentration and peak effect on cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary artery wedge pressure was observed. The increase in cardiac index associated with a decrease in systemic vascular resistance suggests that part of the favorable hemodynamic effect is attributable to afterload reduction. Nonetheless, the increase in peak +dP/dt in all patients suggests that CI-914 also has a positive inotropic effect. This combination of effects may be of value in the treatment of severe congestive heart failure.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26044/1/0000117.pd

Deliverable 3.6 zoning plan of case studies : evaluation of spatial management options for the case studies

Within MESMA, nine case studies (CS) represent discrete marine European spatial entities, at different spatial scales, where a spatial marine management framework is in place, under development or considered. These CS (described in more details below) are chosen in such a way (MESMA D. 3.1 ) that they encompass the complexity of accommodating the various user functions of the marine landscape in various regions of the European marine waters. While human activities at sea are competing for space, there is also growing awareness of the possible negative effects of these human activities on the marine ecosystem. As such, system specific management options are required, satisfying current and future sectoral needs, while safeguarding the marine ecosystem from further detoriation. This integrated management approach is embedded in the concept of ecosystem based management (EBM). The goal of marine EBM is to maintain marine ecosystems in a healthy, productive and resilient condition, making it possible that they sustain human use and provide the goods and services required by society (McLeod et al. 2005). Therefore EBM is an environmental mangagement approach that recognises the interactions within a marine ecosystem, including humans. Hence, EBM does not consider single issues, species or ecosystems good and services in isolation. Operationalisation of EBM can be done through place-based or spatial management approaches (Lackey 1998), such as marine spatial planning (MSP). MSP is a public process of analysing and allocating the spatial and temporal distribution of human activities aiming at achieving ecological, economic and social objectives. These objectives are usually formulated through political processes (Douvere et al. 2007, Douvere 2008). Within MESMA, a spatially managed area (SMA) is then defined as “a geographical area within which marine spatial planning initiatives exist in the real world”. Marine spatial planning initiatives refer to existing management measures actually in place within a defined area, or in any stage of a process of putting management in place, e.g. plans or recommendations for a particular area. Management can include management for marine protection (e.g. in MPAs), or management for sectoral objectives (e.g. building a wind farm to meet renewable energy objectives). Within MESMA, SMAs can have different spatial scales. A SMA can be a small, specific area that is managed/planned to be managed for one specific purpose, but it can also be a larger area within which lots of plans or ‘usage zones’ exist. This definition is different from the definition mentioned in the DoW (page 60). The original definition was adapted during a CS leader workshop (2-4 May 2012 in Gent, Belgium) and formally accepted by the MESMA ExB during the ExB meeting in Cork (29-30 May 2012). MSP should result in a marine spatial management plan that will produce the desired future trough explicit decisions about the location and timing of human activities. Ehler & Douvere (2009) consider this spatial management as a beginning toward the the implementation of desired goals and objectives. They describe the spatial management plan as a comprehensive, strategic document that provides the framework and direction for marine spatial management decisions. The plan should identify when, where and how goals and objectives will be met. Zoning (the development of zoning plans) is often an important management measure to implement spatial management plans. The purpose of a zoning plan (Ehler & Douvere 2009) is: To provide protection for biologically and ecologically important habitats, ecosystems, and ecological processes. To seperate conflicting human activities, or to combine compatible activities. To protect the natural values of the marine management area (in MESMA terminology: the SMA) while allowing reasonable human uses of the area. To allocate areas for reasonable human uses while minimising the effects of these human uses on each other, and nature. To preserve some areas of the SMA in their natural state undisturbed by humans except for scientific and educational purposes.peer-reviewe

MWCNTs of different physicochemical properties cause similar inflammatory responses, but differences in transcriptional and histological markers of fibrosis in mouse lungs

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are extensively produced and used in composite materials and electronic applications, thus increasing risk of worker and consumer exposure. MWCNTs are an inhomogeneous group of nanomaterials that come in various lengths, shapes and with different metal contaminations, which makes hazard evaluation difficult. However, several studies suggest that length plays an important role in the toxicity induced by MWCNTs. How the length influences toxicity at the molecular level is yet to be characterized. Female C57BL/6 mice were exposed by single intratracheal instillation to 18, 54 or 162 µg/mouse of a short MWCNT (NRCWE-026, 847±102 nm in length) or long MWCNT (NM-401, 4048±366 nm in length). The two MWCNTs were extensively characterized. Lung tissues were harvested 24 h, 3 d and 28 d after exposure. We employed DNA microarrays, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, comet assay and dichlorodihydrofluorescein assay in order to profile the pulmonary responses. Bioinformatics tools were then applied to compare and contrast the expression profiles and to build a length dependent property-response matrix for gene-by-gene comparison. The toxicogenomic analysis of the global mRNA changes after exposure to the short, entangled NRCWE-026 or the longer, stiffer NM-401 showed high degree of similarities. The toxicity of both MWCNTs was driven by strong inflammatory and acute phase responses, which peaked at day 3 and was observed both in bronchoalveolar lavage cell influx and in gene expression profiles. The inflammatory response was sustained at post-exposure day 28. Also, at the sub-chronic level, we identified a sub-set of 14 fibrosis related genes that were uniquely differentially regulated after exposure to NM-401. Acellular ROS production occurred almost exclusively with NRCWE-026, however the longer NM-401 induced in vivo DNA strand breaks and differential regulation of genes involved in free radical scavenging more readily than NRCWE-026. Our results indicate that the global mRNA response after exposure to MWCNTs is length independent at the acute time points, but that fibrosis may be length dependent sub-chronic end point.JRC.H.6-Digital Earth and Reference Dat

eIF4A2 drives repression of translation at initiation by Ccr4-Not through purine-rich motifs in the 5'UTR

Background: Regulation of the mRNA life cycle is central to gene expression control and determination of cell fate. miRNAs represent a critical mRNA regulatory mechanism, but despite decades of research, their mode of action is still not fully understood. Results: Here, we show that eIF4A2 is a major effector of the repressive miRNA pathway functioning via the Ccr4-Not complex. We demonstrate that while DDX6 interacts with Ccr4-Not, its effects in the mechanism are not as pronounced. Through its interaction with the Ccr4-Not complex, eIF4A2 represses mRNAs at translation initiation. We show evidence that native eIF4A2 has similar RNA selectivity to chemically inhibited eIF4A1. eIF4A2 exerts its repressive effect by binding purine-rich motifs which are enriched in the 5′UTR of target mRNAs directly upstream of the AUG start codon. Conclusions: Our data support a model whereby purine motifs towards the 3′ end of the 5′UTR are associated with increased ribosome occupancy and possible uORF activation upon eIF4A2 binding