EL CONTEXTO COMPETITIVO NACIONAL Y LA RELEVANCIA ESTRATÉGICA DE LAS SUBSIDIARIAS DE CORPORACIONES ESTRANGERAS EN BRASIL

O propósito deste artigo é analisar a influência das condições do contexto competitivo no desenvolvimento de Subsidiárias com Relevância Estratégica (SRE) no Brasil. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório com uma amostra de 118 das 1.000 maiores subsidiárias de capital estrangeiro no Brasil. Os resultados mostram que as políticas do governo desempenham um papel central para o desenvolvimento das SREs no país. Além disso, os setores com uma orientação competitiva global, em vez de puramente local, apresentam maior probabilidade de desenvolver SREs. Em oposição à literatura hegemônica, os fatores relacionados ao “diamante” da vantagem competitiva nacional (PORTER, 1990), não mostraram nenhuma correlação significativa com o desenvolvimento de SREs em uma grande economia em desenvolvimento, como a do Brasil.The main purpose of this exploratory research is analyzing how the conditions presented for the national competitive context influence the development of Subsidiaries with Strategic Relevance (SRS) in Brazil. For strategic relevance is understood to what extent the subsidiary is responsible for activities and competencies that of high increasing value for the corporation, and whether these activities and competencies are used by subsidiaries of the multinational corporation located in other countries For this, an exploratory research was carried out in a sample of 118 of the 1000 largest foreign subsidiaries in Brazil. The results show that government policies play a central role for the development of SRS in large developing economies. In addition, for globally oriented industries seems to be more feasible having SRS in these economies. In opposition to the hegemonic literature, the factors related to the 'diamond' of national competitive advantage (Porter, 1990), did not show correlation with the development of SRS in a large developing economy like Brazil.El presente articulo presenta una análisis del proceso de internacionalización sobre la óptica del diseño y dinámica organizacional. Así, en la literatura existe una evolución clara de aquellas propuestas de tipo funcional hasta aquellas mas recientes de tipo red (networks). Con esa intención se establecieron dos dimensiones de análisis: a) Las condicionantes, constituidas por las variables estrategia, ambiente, tecnología y cultura; b) Los componentes, conformados por las variables departamentalización, actividades de linea/asesoria, descripción de actividades, cadena jerárquica, nivel de centralización/descentralización, amplitud administrativa, comunicación y capacidad decisoria. Fue realizada una investigación exploratoria de tipo cualitativo, aplicada en un reconocido y exitoso grupo empresarial mexicano: CEMEX (Cementos Mexicanos S.A. de C.V.), el cual actúa en el mercado mundial de cementos, siendo considerado uno de los lideres del mismo. Se comprobó, con la investigación que existe una tendencia positiva en la aceptación y aplicación de esa nueva propuesta, lo que implica una profunda evolución de las características del diseño y dinámica organizacional

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Transfer and Reverse Transfer of Knowledge of International Acquisitions: the case of the acquisition of the Perez Companc by Petrobras in Argentina

The objective of this article was to analyze the processes of transfer and reverse trans fer of knowledge following. international acquisitions made by Brazilian multinational companies. Reverse transfer is understood,as the process of transferring knowledge from the acquired company to the acquirer. Therefore, a case study was conducted on the acquisition of the Perez Companc group by Petrobras in Argentina. The study is qualitative. Primary data were obtained and eight members of the international managing board of Petrobras were interviewed. After the first moment of integration, reported as conflictive, there was a better integration of the companies, mainly in the technical areas of, the oil and gas exploration activities. The size of Perez Companc, its aim (a company of energy, not only oil and gas company) and the length of time were critical factors for the transfer of best practices between the companies. The expatriation of the employees is seen as a key-tool, as well as the technical visits, for the transfer of knowledge.. An. additional contribution of the study was to present the results of the research on the process of transfer and reverse transfer of knowledge in Brazilian multinational companies, since most studies on the theme focus on the motivators and challenges concerning these processes

Country of Origin Image and Foreign Markets Strategy: Analysis of the Brazilian Cosmetics Company Natura

This study investigates the use of country of origin image (COI) by an emerging market multinational (EMMN) on their internationalization process. To this end, we integrate COI literature with the attributes that make up Brazil’s image abroad. This study conducts a qualitative and descriptive approach using the single case study on the case of the Brazilian company Natura Cosméticos S.A. Case analysis, relying on discourse analysis, allowed us to find out that the company uses COI as part of its international strategy; COI attributes can be used positively by an EMMN and might contribute to their image abroad. About the first finding, the study also points out ways Natura integrates Brazilianness attributes into its international marketing strategy, since Natura’s competitive differential is sustained on product development based on the biodiversity of Brazilian fauna and flora. Our study shows ways how an EMMN might use COI concept into their international marketing strategy in order to build their image abroad and differentiate itself positively.This study investigates the use of country of origin image (COI) by an emerging market multinational (EMMN) on their internationalization process. To this end, we integrate COI literature with the attributes that make up Brazil’s image abroad. This study conducts a qualitative and descriptive approach using the single case study on the case of the Brazilian company Natura Cosméticos S.A. Case analysis, relying on discourse analysis, allowed us to find out that the company uses COI as part of its international strategy; COI attributes can be used positively by an EMMN and might contribute to their image abroad. About the first finding, the study also points out ways Natura integrates Brazilianness attributes into its international marketing strategy, since Natura’s competitive differential is sustained on product development based on the biodiversity of Brazilian fauna and flora. Our study shows ways how an EMMN might use COI concept into their international marketing strategy in order to build their image abroad and differentiate itself positively