Soluções negociadas de justiça penal no direito português: uma realidade atual numa galáxia distante?

The ideas of procedural consensus and celerity increasingly shape the Criminal Procedural Law of Democratic countries. Negotiated criminal justice solutions have been multiplying in the last years, posing a multiplicity of challenges to the pure and traditional procedural doctrine, to the rights traditionally assured to the procedural actors, being important to question if the (even more) organized criminality and the transnational and technological methods of crime did not shift the center of the confrontation between the efficient administration of justice and the rights of the accused. The Portuguese Republic is no exception: without a legislative framework explicitly guarantying a way to benefit those who collaborate with Justice, one must first question if the Criminal Procedural Code allows or may allow criminal Justice negotiated solutions; we will analyze some foreseen legal solutions of consensualism, not forgeting the Portuguese doctrine and courts decisions.As ideias de consenso e celeridade processual enformam os Direitos processuais penais dos países democráticos cada vez com maior premência. Soluções de Justiça criminal negociada têm-se multiplicado nos anos mais recentes, colocando uma ampla gama de desafios à pura e tradicional doutrina processualista pura, aos tradicionais direitos dos intervenientes processuais, questionando-se se a profusão da criminalidade (cada vez mais) organizada e os métodos tecnológicos e transnacionais do iter criminis não alteraram o centro da dialética tensão administração eficiente da Justiça/direitos dos Arguidos. Portugal não é exceção: sem um enquadramento legislativo consagrando expressamente um sistema de colaboração premiada, mister é questionar se o Código do Processo Penal admite ou poderá admitir soluções negociadas de Justiça criminal; analisaremos algumas soluções de consensualismo legalmente consagradas, sem deixar de lado a análise da dogmática e jurisprudência lusas

Percentual de gordura corporal de jogadores de futebol

Introdução e Objetivo: O futebol é o esporte mais popular no Brasil. Quando praticado por equipes de alto desempenho é exigido das participantes condições pertinentes relativas ao estado físico, psicológico e técnico. Dentre os parâmetros físicos avaliados, o percentual de gordura corporal (%G) é de suma importância, pois permite verificar deficiências que possam interferir no desempenho do atleta. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o %G dos jogadores de futebol profissional. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal, durante a temporada competitiva de futebol no mês de agosto de 2016. Dezesseis jogadores do sexo masculino foram submetidos a avaliação antropométricas de acordo com o método de sete pregas de Pollock. Discursão: Semelhante a estudos apresentados na literatura, foi observado neste estudo que não houve diferença do %G em relação a idade. Os atletas participantes da pesquisa apresentam o %G muito bom, como preconizado por Pollock (1979). Resultados e Conclusão: Embora os resultados não sejam estatisticamente significativos (p>0,05), observa-se que o goleiro é o atleta com a maior frequência de %G quando comparado com a posição tática dos outros jogadores. Além disso observa-se que, independentemente da idade, a grande maioria dos indivíduos foram classificados quanto a %G como muito bom (75%). A maioria dos jogadores apresentam percentual de gordura similar, não havendo diferenças entre as idades. O que pode remeter a uma boa performance em campo, uma vez que um %G dentro dos parâmetros torna-se necessário para êxito no esporte. ABSTRACT Body fat percentage of football playersIntroduction and Aim: Football is the most popular sport in Brazil. It is required a good physical, psychological and technical condition by participants, when practiced by high performance teams. Among the physical factors evaluated, the body fat percentage (%G) is very important, because to allow the control of deficiencies that interfere in the performance of the athlete. The purpose of this study was evaluating the %G of professional football players. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during a competitive soccer season in August 2016. Sixteen male players were submitted to anthropometric evaluation according to the Pollock 7-skinfold method. Discursion: Similarly, to the literature studies, it was observed in this study that there was no significant difference in relation to age. The athletes participating in the study appear as a good example, as suggested by Pollock (1979). Results and Conclusion: There are no statistically significant results (p>0.05), however it is observed that the goalkeeper has a higher frequency of %G when compared to a soccer players of different positions. In addition, were observed regardless of the participants’ age that majority of individuals has %G as very good (75%). The most results are similar and no difference between ages and/or position was observed. This can lead to good performance in the field, since a %G inside the field becomes necessary for success in the sport

Efeito da suplementação de beta-alanina no desempenho: uma revisão crítica

A beta-alanina é um aminoácido não proteogênico precursor limitante da síntese da carnosina. O aumento da carnosina muscular tem sido considerado um fator de reforço das capacidades físicas e diminuição da fadiga neuromuscular. Nesse contexto, a utilização de beta-alanina como um auxiliar ergogênico tem sido frequentemente descrita. Deste modo, a presente revisão teve como objetivo analisar as principais investigações relacionadas diretamente com os efeitos da suplementação de beta-alanina sobre o desempenho esportivo, bem como estabelecer pautas adequadas para elucidar a posologia da suplementação que promova resultados positivos minimizando as possíveis adversidades. A revisão de literatura englobou publicações nacionais e internacionais, com datas compreendidas entre janeiro de 1990 e maio de 2017, nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Sportdiscus e Web of Science. As palavras chaves utilizadas na busca estavam incluídas na Thesaurus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) desenvolvido pela U.S. National Library of Medicine. Grande parte dos estudos suporta que a suplementação de, em média, 6,4g/dia de beta-alanina pode melhorar o desempenho em exercícios de alta intensidade e curta duração. ABSTRACT Effect of beta-alanine supplementation in performance: a critical reviewBeta-alanine is a non-proteogenic amino acid limiting precursor of carnosine synthesis. The increase of muscular carnosine has been considered a factor of physical capacities reinforcement and neuromuscular fatigue decrease. In this context, the use of beta-alanine as an ergogenic aid has been frequently described. This review aims to analyze the main investigations directly related to beta-alanine supplementation effects on sports performance, as well establish adequate guidelines to elucidate supplementation posology that promotes positive results minimizing possible collaterals effects. The literature review included national and international publications, with dates between January 1990 and May 2017, in the electronic databases: Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Sportdiscus and Web of Science. Key words used in search were included in the Thesaurus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. Several studies support that beta-alanine supplementation around 6,4g/day may improve performance in high-intensity and short-term exercises

The influence of the level of physical activity and human development in the quality of life in survivors of stroke

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The association between physical activity and quality of life in stroke survivors has not been analyzed within a framework related to the human development index. This study aimed to identify differences in physical activity level and in the quality of life of stroke survivors in two cities differing in economic aspects of the human development index.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two groups of subjects who had suffered a stroke at least a year prior to testing and showed hemiplegia or hemiparesis were studied: a group from Belo Horizonte (BH) with 48 people (51.5 ± 8.7 years) and one from Montes Claros (MC) with 29 subjects (55.4 ± 8.1 years). Subsequently, regardless of location, the groups were divided into Active and Insufficiently Active so their difference in terms of quality of life could be analyzed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no significant differences between BH and MCG when it came to four dimensions of physical health that were evaluated (physical functioning, physical aspect, pain and health status) or in the following four dimensions of mental health status (vitality, social aspect, emotional aspect and mental health). However, significantly higher mean values were found in Active when compared with Insufficiently Active individuals in various measures of physical health (physical functioning 56.2 ± 4.4 vs. 47.4 ± 6.9; physical aspect 66.5 ± 6.5 vs. 59.1 ± 6.7; pain 55.9 ± 6.2 vs. 47.7 ± 6.0; health status 67.2 ± 4.2 vs. 56.6 ± 7.8) (arbitrary units), and mental health (vitality 60.9 ± 6.8 vs. 54.1 ± 7.2; social aspect 60.4 ± 7.1 vs. 54.2 ± 7.4; emotional aspect 64.0 ± 5.5 vs. 58.1 ± 6.9; mental health status 66.2 ± 5.5 vs. 58.4 ± 7.5) (arbitrary units).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Despite the difference between the cities concerning HDI values, no significant differences in quality of life were found between BH and MCG. However, the Active group showed significantly better results, confirming the importance of active lifestyle to enhance quality of life in stroke survivors.</p

Binding of lactoferrin and free secretory component to enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

The ability of two glycoproteins of human milk, lactoferrin and free secretory component, to bind to Escherichia coli colonization factors (CFAs) was investigated using immunocytochemistry assays of enriched fimbrial extracts. The results revealed that lactoferrin binds to fimbrial CFA I adhesin but not to CFA II adhesin (CS1 and CS3), while free secretory component interacts with both CFA I and CFA II adhesins. Our data indicate that lactoferrin and free secretory component, which are very abundant proteins of human milk, could play an important role against infant enteric disease by blocking bacterial adhesion

Consequências da rápida redução de peso corporal em atletas de esportes de combate e a importância da nutrição: uma revisão

Os esportes de combate geralmente são divididos por categorias de peso. Com o intuito de obter vantagem lutando com adversários mais leves e fracos, muitos atletas costumam reduzir seu peso corporal de forma rápida através de estratégias potencialmente perigosas à saúde. O objetivo dessa revisão foi sistematizar os principais achados da literatura a respeito das consequências da prática de redução rápida de peso sobre os sistemas fisiológicos e desempenho, bem como verificar a importância da nutrição nesse contexto. A revisão de literatura englobou publicações nacionais e internacionais, com datas compreendidas entre janeiro de 1970 e maio de 2017, nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Sportdiscus e Web of Science. As palavras chaves utilizadas na busca estavam incluídas na Thesaurus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) desenvolvido pela U.S. National Library of Medicine. A literatura científica se mostrou unânime em demonstrar os efeitos sobre os sistemas fisiológicos, como: redução da densidade óssea; aumento do desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares; depressão do sistema imune; disfunções do sistema cardiovascular e hipertermia. Quanto ao desempenho, há consenso na literatura de que a rápida redução de peso diminui o desempenho aeróbio. No entanto, os efeitos sobre o desempenho anaeróbio ainda são divergentes, pois dependem do período existente entre a pesagem e os combates. Diversos estudos mostraram que os hábitos alimentares afetam decisivamente a saúde, o peso, a composição corporal e o desempenho esportivo, sendo as intervenções nutricionais eficazes na redução de peso de forma gradual através da redução da quantidade calórica total. ABSTRACT Consequences of body weight rapid reduction in athletes of combat sports and the importance of nutrition: a reviewThe combat sports are usually divided by weight categories. In order to gain an advantage by struggling with lighter and weaker opponents, many athletes often reduce their body weight quickly through potentially dangerous strategies. The objective of this review was to systematize the main findings of the literature regarding the consequences of the practice of rapid weight reduction on physiological systems and performance, as well as to verify the importance of nutrition in this context. The literature review included national and international publications, with dates between January 1970 and May 2017, in the electronic databases: Elsevier, Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Sportdiscus and Web of Science. Key words used in the search were included in the Thesaurus Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) developed by the U.S. National Library of Medicine. The scientific literature was unanimous in demonstrating the effects on the physiological systems, such as: reduction of bone density; Increased development of eating disorders; Depression of the immune system; Dysfunctions of the cardiovascular system and hyperthermia. Regarding performance, there is consensus in the literature that rapid weight reduction decreases aerobic performance. However, the effects on anaerobic performance are still divergent as they depend on the time between weighing and fighting. Several studies have shown that eating habits decisively affect health, weight, body composition and sports performance, and nutritional interventions are effective in reducing weight gradually by reducing total caloric intake

Global Suicide: A problem of health systems

It is estimated that over 800 000 people die by suicide and that there are many suicide attempts for each death. Young people are among those most affected. The numbers differ between countries, but it is the low- and middle-income countries that bear most of the global suicide burden, with an estimated 75% of all suicides occurring in these countries. The importance of each risk factor and the way it is classified will depend on each context. These factors can contribute to suicidal behaviours directly but can also contribute indirectly by influencing individual susceptibility to mental disorders. From the analysis of the rate of suicide, the numbers of suicide preventions successful with the number of hospitalizations and hospitalized for attempted suicide, it becomes possible to determine a path in order to create social change in three important factors to be followed to be fulfilled: knowledge (scientific and practical), public support (political will) and a social strategy, showing up as a national response to achieve the goals of suicide prevention

Ultrastructural aspects of cranial and peripheric nerves of cronically diabetic and malnourished rats: a short biochemical panorama

Diabetes Mellitus is one of the most common causes of neuropathies, which can be caused by molecular imbalances that impair metabolic pathways. Studies in rats showed the importance of sirtuins (SIRT), deacetylases that use NAD+ as a cofactor, which have a widespread function in metabolism, and their relation when food deprived or calorie restricted. Additionally, diabetic neuropathy presents different structural biomarkers that cause morphological alterations in fibers that can be partially treated. SIRT1 is the principal sirtuin, which acts on hypothalamus, liver, kidney, among other organs, up regulating or down regulating the expression of some genes or enzymes crucial in the process of glucose absorption

Protocol study for a randomised, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial involving virtual reality and anodal transcranial direct current stimulation for the improvement of upper limb motor function in children with Down syndrome

Introduction Down syndrome results in neuromotor impairment that affects selective motor control, compromising the acquisition of motor skills and functional independence. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate and compare the effects of multiple-monopolar anodal transcranial direct current stimulation and sham stimulation over the primary motor cortex during upper limb motor training involving virtual reality on motor control, muscle activity, cerebral activity and functional independence. Methods and analysis A randomised, controlled, double-blind, clinical trial is proposed. The calculation of the sample size will be defined based on the results of a pilot study involving the same methods. The participants will be randomly allocated to two groups. Evaluations will be conducted before and after the intervention as well as 1 month after the end of the intervention process. At each evaluation, three-dimensional analysis of upper limb movement muscle activity will be measured using electromyography, cerebral activity will be measured using an electroencephalogram system and intellectual capacity will be assessed using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Virtual reality training will be performed three times a week (one 20 min session per day) for a total of 10 sessions. During the protocol, transcranial stimulation will be administered concomitantly to upper limb motor training. The results will be analysed statistically, with a p valueâ\u89¤0.05 considered indicative of statistical significance. Ethical aspects and publicity The present study received approval from the Institutional Review Board of Universidade Nove de Julho (Sao Paulo,Brazil) under process number 1.540.113 and is registered with the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (N° RBR3PHPXB). The participating institutions have presented a declaration of participation. The volunteers will be permitted to drop out of the study at any time with no negative repercussions. The results will be published and will contribute evidence regarding the use of this type of intervention on children