Oilseed Rape straw for Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom

Oyster mushroom [_Pleurotus ostreatus_ var. _sajor caju_ (Fr.) Singer] cultivation can play an important role in managing organic waste. It can be cultivated on a wide rang of substrates containing lignin and cellulose. Oyster mushroom was grown on five substrates: Rise straw (Oryza sativa L. var. Alikazemi), Rise straw + Oilseed Rape straw (Brassica napus var. Hyola 401) (75:25 dw /dw), Rise straw + Oilseed Rape straw (50:50 dw /dw), Rise straw + Oilseed Rape straw (25:75 dw /dw) and Oilseed Rape straw alone. Oilseed Rape straw alone and Rise straw + Oilseed Rape straw (25:75 dw /dw) were best for fruit body production of P. ostreatus. Time to fruiting for P. ostreatus was also shorter on Oilseed Rape straw. Protein content of the fruit bodies obtained from Oilseed Rape straw was higher than those from other substrates. Using Oilseed Rape straw as a substrate appears to be suitable for oyster mushroom production

A COMPARISON OF ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS FOR TOMATO PRODUCTION

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is one of the most popular and versatile vegetables in the world, and organic production with a high yield and desirable quality is a target of many producers. The effect of four different fertilizers (chemical, municipal solid waste compost, cattle manure, and spent mushroom compost) on four commercial tomato cultivars (Redstone, Flat, Peto Pride and Chief) was assessed in this research. The highest yield was obtained with the Chief cultivar when fertilized with chemical fertilizer and the lowest value was obtained with Peto Pride fertilized with 20 tonnes per hectare (t/ha) of cow manure. The difference between the two classes of fertilizers (organic and chemical) was not very high so that organic fertilizers are competitive and may be a suitable replacement for chemical fertilizer. According to our results, to achieve maximum yields with organic fertilizers, 20 t/ha of spent mushroom compost can be recommended for the Redstone cultivar, 30 t/ha of cow manure for Flat, 300 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost for Peto Pride, and 300 t/ha of municipal solid waste compost or 20 t/ha of spent mushroom compost can be recommended for the Chief cultivar. These recommended organic fertilizing regimes achieved cultivar yields comparable to the chemical fertilizer treatments, achieving a yield of 98.4% for Redstone, 99.5% for Flat, 97.6% for Peto Pride, and 95.7% for Chief

Chemoimmunotherapy Drugs with Antiviral Activity to Treat Patients with Lung Cancer and COVID-19; a Narrative Review

Every year lung cancer is a cause of high morbidity and mortality in the human population. However, since 31 December 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19] had importantly affected various degrees of pulmonary regions. Therefore, patients with lung cancer must be the priority group for COVID-19 prevention, treatment, and vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic. Until now, clinicians and patients know that most individuals with respiratory distress and/or those with a weakened immune system are more susceptible to COVID-19, however, the associations with lung cancer remain unclear. Here, we present the combination of common chemotherapeutic drugs with a historical antiviral activity that may be too immunosuppressive to eliminate COVID-19-infected cells in patients with lung cancer. This review will help understand the preferred chemoimmunotherapy drugs for severe forms of COVID-19 [SARS-CoV-2] in these patients

Comparison of growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks reared under heat stress, cold stress and thermoneutral conditions

P. 1-7This study was conducted to compare the effects of thermal stress on growth performance and some immunity variables of broiler chickens. Birds were randomly assigned to one of three thermal treatments as follows: cold stress (CS, 12±1 °C), (b) heat stress (HS, 33±3 °C) and (c) thermoneutral (TN, 24±2 °C). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), water intake (WI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. In order to evaluate the primary and secondary humoral immune responses, two birds per replicate were intravenously administrated with a suspension of 7% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) at 28 and 35 days. The heat-stressed broiler chickens had lower FI (-14.90%), BWG (-25.71%) and higher FCR (+13.06%) in comparison to broiler chickens reared under TN condition (p<0.001) from 1 to 42 days of age. The cold-stressed broiler chickens showed lower FI (-22.05%), BWG (-38.32%) and higher FCR (+22.47%) in comparison to birds reared under TN conditions (p<0.001). Stressed birds (CS and HS) showed decreased antibody titer against SRBC, lymphocyte count and the relative weights of lymphoid organs and increased heterophil count, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and the serum concentration of corticosterone, in comparison to birds in TN group (p<0.001). In conclusion, HS and CS conditions have similar negative effects on performance and immunity of broiler chickens.S

The Effects of Bisphenols on Semen Quality

Both the animals and humans with generalized lipodystrophy develop signs of infertility syndrome in the absence of semen health. Infertility is defined as not being able to get pregnant (conceive) after one year (or longer) of unprotected sex. The treatment of disease is usually expensive. Their expertise and experience provide the most current knowledge to promote future research. Dietary habits need to be altered, for most of world people. Therefore, the conclusions and recommendations from the part of this chapters will provide a basis for change. We welcome your offers and criticisms for book improvement in next editions. Bisphenol has been used since the 1950s, in food packaging, industrial materials, dental sealants, and personal hygiene products. Everyone is exposed to Bisphenol through the skin, inhalation, and digestive system. Bisphenol disrupts endocrine pathways because it has weak estrogenic, antiandrogenic, and antithyroid activities. Known endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to be a reproductive toxicant in animal models. This book chapter the current epidemiological literature on fertility outcomes associated with Bisphenol exposure. It also provides relevant resources for health care providers who are in a unique position to provide guidance in reducing exposure to this endocrine-disrupting chemical

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Plant Height– Related Traits in Cucumber Using F2:3 Population

In present study, C18 (determinate) and C19 (indeterminate) cucumber lines were crossed and the hybrid plants were self-pollinated to produce the F2:3 generation. Thirteen ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) primers, two retrotransposons and two IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) combination primers were screened for QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) controlling plant height in cucumber. Five QTLs using SIM (Single Interval Mapping) were identified but only two major of them were observed using CIM (Composite Interval Mapping) method for plant height in F2:3 generation. The distance of one of the identified QTLs to nearest marker was very low and 0.01 CentiMurgan (cM), which showed a high linked marker to this QTL

EFFECT OF VERMICOMPOST AND VERMICOMPOST EXTRACT ON OIL YIELD AND QUALITY OF PEPPERMINT (Mentha piperita L.)

Abstract: Organic fertilizers have beneficial effects on plants growth and quality. However, vermicompost increases electrical conductivity in soil due to increased salinity associated with continued usage. The experiment was conducted in a research field at the University of Guilan to determine effects of 7 Mt ha -1 of cow manure vermicompost, vermiwash prepared from 7 Mt ha -1 of vermicompost, leachate vermicompost + vermiwash, 50 Mt ha -1 municipal solid waste compost (MSWC), chemical fertilizer (NPK 50-0-300) and no fertilization as a control on peppermint yield and quality. Fertilizer type affected all measured characteristics except number of nodes, stem fresh weight, total phenols and antioxidant capacity. Plants treated with vermicompost, vermiwash or leachate vermicompost + vermiwash were the tallest and had the highest levels of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids. Plants treated with vermicompost or vermiwash had the highest total plant fresh weight, leaf fresh weight and total fresh yield. The leachate vermicompost, vermiwash and vermicompost can be used as organic fertilizers for sustainable peppermint cultivation

Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Plant Height– Related Traits in Cucumber Using F2:3 Population

In present study, C18 (determinate) and C19 (indeterminate) cucumber lines were crossed and the hybrid plants were self-pollinated to produce the F2:3 generation. Thirteen ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) primers, two retrotransposons and two IRAP (Inter-Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism) combination primers were screened for QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) controlling plant height in cucumber. Five QTLs using SIM (Single Interval Mapping) were identified but only two major of them were observed using CIM (Composite Interval Mapping) method for plant height in F2:3 generation. The distance of one of the identified QTLs to nearest marker was very low and 0.01 CentiMurgan (cM), which showed a high linked marker to this QTL

Gradient and Passive Circuit Structure in a Class of Non-linear Dynamics on a Graph

We consider a class of non-linear dynamics on a graph that contains and generalizes various models from network systems and control and study convergence to uniform agreement states using gradient methods. In particular, under the assumption of detailed balance, we provide a method to formulate the governing ODE system in gradient descent form of sum-separable energy functions, which thus represent a class of Lyapunov functions; this class coincides with Csisz\'{a}r's information divergences. Our approach bases on a transformation of the original problem to a mass-preserving transport problem and it reflects a little-noticed general structure result for passive network synthesis obtained by B.D.O. Anderson and P.J. Moylan in 1975. The proposed gradient formulation extends known gradient results in dynamical systems obtained recently by M. Erbar and J. Maas in the context of porous medium equations. Furthermore, we exhibit a novel relationship between inhomogeneous Markov chains and passive non-linear circuits through gradient systems, and show that passivity of resistor elements is equivalent to strict convexity of sum-separable stored energy. Eventually, we discuss our results at the intersection of Markov chains and network systems under sinusoidal coupling

Iranian clinical practice guideline for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly progressive neurodegeneration involving motor neurons. The 3–5 years that patients have to live is marked by day-to-day loss of motor and sometimes cognitive abilities. Enormous amounts of healthcare services and resources are necessary to support patients and their caregivers during this relatively short but burdensome journey. Organization and management of these resources need to best meet patients' expectations and health system efficiency mandates. This can only occur in the setting of multidisciplinary ALS clinics which are known as the gold standard of ALS care worldwide. To introduce this standard to the care of Iranian ALS patients, which is an inevitable quality milestone, a national ALS clinical practice guideline is the necessary first step. The National ALS guideline will serve as the knowledge base for the development of local clinical pathways to guide patient journeys in multidisciplinary ALS clinics. To this end, we gathered a team of national neuromuscular experts as well as experts in related specialties necessary for delivering multidisciplinary care to ALS patients to develop the Iranian ALS clinical practice guideline. Clinical questions were prepared in the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, and Outcome (PICO) format to serve as a guide for the literature search. Considering the lack of adequate national/local studies at this time, a consensus-based approach was taken to evaluate the quality of the retrieved evidence and summarize recommendations