СТАВЛЕННЯ МАЙБУТНІХ ЛІКАРІВ ДО ЛЮДЕЙ, ЯКІ ЖИВУТЬ З ВІЛ

SUMMARY. Tolerance to HIV-infected students in higher education is a very important aspect of future doctors in overcoming the consequences of the HIV epidemic. Almost half of students (48,8 %) are biased towards HIV-infected, so you need to choose the right strategy for medical education programs.Key words: people living with HIV, attitudes of doctors.Формування толерантного ставлення до ЛЖВ у студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів є дуже важливим аспектом роботи майбутніх лікарів у подоланні наслідків епідемії ВІЛ. Майже половина студенти (48,8 %) ставляться до ЛЖВ упереджено, тому потрібно обирати правильні стратегії медичних освітніх програм.Ключові слова: люди, які живуть з ВІЛ, ставлення лікарів

THE DEPOSIT OF ANTIBODY’S PROLIFERATIVE ACTIVITY IN THE IMMUNE RESPONSE AND ITS RESISTANCE TO INHIBITORS OF PROLIFERATION

The effect of hyperstimulation of the primary immune response was showed by additional introducing of antigen in the late log-phase of the primary IgM-response. The multiple increase of IgM-and IgG-antibody productive cells (АРС) in the spleen during the primary response was accompanied by suppression of anamnestic response. The injection of hydroxyurea (an inhibitor of DNA synthesis) together with the additional introduction of the antigen at the late log-phase of the primary IgM-response reduces the rise of IgM-APC, but does not abolish the stimulation of the primary and secondary IgG-APC formation. This fact indicates that proliferative processes play an important role in the stimulation of IgM-response induced by reinjection of the antigen. The stimulation of proliferation of B-lymphocytes which differentiate into antibody productive cells significantly reduces the pool of memory cells and consequently, suppresses secondary immune response

LYMPHOPENIA AS A FACTOR INVOLVED IN THE AUTOIMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN MURINE GRAFT VS. HOST DISEASE

Syngeneic splenocyte transplantation leads to lymphopenia development in intact mice owing to decreased proliferative activity of bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells. In the mice with induced chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) transfer of syngeneic lymphocytes has little or no effect on the level of already existing lymphopenia, but increases its duration. These results are in close agreement with the received evidences that transfer of syngeneic cells increases frequency of autoimmune glomerulonephritis at cGVHD. Thus, results of research speak in favor of conclusion that lymphopenia and initiated by it homeostatic proliferation play a pathogenetic role in the development of autoimmune reactions at cGVHD

Biotechnological methods as a tool for efficient sugar beet breeding

Here we consider aspects of the application of biotechnological methods to rapid creation, propagation, and maintenance of plants with improved or new traits in sugar beet breeding. The results of the works carried out in these fields by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "The A.L. Mazlumov All-Russia Research Institute of Sugar Beet” are reviewed. A close association between morphological and physiological changes in in vitro cultured organs and tissues, on the one hand, and breeding traits, on the other hand, which allows the development of experimental systems for non-amphimictic plant reconstruction is shown. The influence of in vitro growth conditions on haploid cells of unfertilized sugar beet ovules in the course of obtaining doubled haploid lines with high degree of homozygosity and maintenance of valuable breeding properties is considered. As compared to common inbreeding, this method shortens the time for development of homozygous material from 10-12 to 3-5 years, which is of great importance for speeding-up the breeding process. The results of studies on the culturing of mature sugar beet zygotic embryos based on in vitro selective systems have made it possible to improve the adaptive potential of plants and to provide complex resistance to environmental stress factors. Strict selection under abiotic stress conditions allowed creation of sugar beet isogenic lines with tolerance of drought, salinity, and soil acidity. It is shown that the proposed original design of mass-scale microclonal in vitro reproduction and deposition of elite plants as components of highly productive hybrids can be used to obtain seeds of uniform high-quality breeding material. The technologies developed by biotechnological methods are a topical and innovative direction of inquiry, since the application of these techniques to sugar beet breeding will promote obtaining of competitive hybrids with a set of commercially valuable traits. The combination of biotechnology methods, including tissue culture, and traditional breeding techniques is expected to provide an opportunity to obtain a new starting material to develop domestic varieties and hybrids of new generation with heterosis effect and a wide resistance spectrum persisting across generations

Topical issues of vaccination and epidemiological surveillance over measles and rubella in Ukraine.

The analysis of measles and rubella morbidity, the state of their vaccination in Ukraine was carried out. Despite decades of preventive vaccination, there is a 5-6 years’ cyclicity of measles epidemic process at present time. Measles morbidity increased 46.8 times in 2017 in comparison with 2016. Elevated rates of rubella epidemic morbidity were registered in 2004 and 2011. There was decrease of routine measles and rubella immunization coverage in the period from 2009 to 2016. Critically low rates were noted in 2016 – 45.5% (vaccination) and 30.2% (revaccination). In spite of progress in the measles and rubella vaccination in 2017 (93.3% – vaccination and 90.7% – revaccination), Ukraine has not achieved the immunization coverage (≥95.0%) necessary to interrupt these pathogens circulation. The national laboratory and a network of regional ones, in-system of the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network, were established in Ukraine to ensure high-quality performance of epidemiological surveillance. Genotyping of the clinical samples from Ukrainian measles and rubella patients is carried out in the WHO Regional Reference Laboratory (Luxembourg). Different genetic lines of the measles virus with prevalence of D8 genotype were indicated to circulate in Ukraine. The genotype B3 was also identified and the genotype D9 was isolated for the first time. In the furtherance of the goal of rubella and measles elimination in Ukraine, standard international approaches to clinical, laboratory and epide­miological diagnosis of cases, investigation of viruses transmission chains and detection of endemicity cases are in the course of implementation. Quality of the executing activities is assessed according to relevant standard indicators

Определение мертиолята в несорбированных ИЛП методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии холодного пара (ААС-ХП) по ионам ртути. Часть 1: отработка методики и оценка статистической значимости различий результатов определения ионов ртути колориметрическим методом и методом ААС-ХПО

The article describes development of methods of quantitative determination of thimerosal in non-adsorbed immunobiological preparations by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy as well as an estimation of the statistical significance of differences in the results determination of thimerosal conventional colorimetric method in combination with dithizone and CV AAS using one-way analysis of variance with Fisher’s exact test (F-test).В статье представлены материалы по отработке условий количественного определения содержания мертиолята в несорбированных иммунобиологических препаратах (ИЛП) методом атомно-абсорбционной спектроскопии холодного пара (ААС-ХП), а также проведена оценка статистической значимости различий результатов определения мертиолята традиционным колориметрическим методом в комплексе с дитизоном и методом ААС-ХП: использован однофакторный дисперсионный анализ с применением критерия Фишера (F-критерия)

Extracellular DNA in blood: an index of <i>in vivo</i> inflammatory response

Increased concentration of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the circulating blood of humans and animals is a sign of inflammatory conditions and a distinctive characteristic of various pathophysiological processes in the body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible role of tumor necrosis factor (TNFα) in changes of cfDNA contents in peripheral blood as a response to experimentally induced systemic inflammation.We used 40 female hybrid mice (C57Bl/6xDBA/2) F1 at the age of 6-8 weeks. The concentration of cfDNA and its individual fractions was determined using a PicoGreen fluorescent dye. The dynamics of inflammatory process was evaluated after 4, 8, 11 and 24 hours following LPS injection. A significant increase in the blood plasma cfDNA levels was shown under the action of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), along with simultaneous decreased levels of cfDNA, associated with cell surface. The ratio of cell surface-bound cfDNA to the total cfDNA contents was reduced in dose-dependent manner as early as 4 hours after LPS injection to the animals, thus allowing us to consider this ratio a characteristic sign of netosis of neutrophilic granulocytes during the development of acute inflammation. The described effects are significantly suppressed with co-injection of recombinant TNFα neutralizing protein along with LPS, whereas increased intake of neutrophils in the tissues is determined by some other factors which are not directly related to the production of this cytokine.Based on the obtained data, we proposed a following hypothesis: induction of netosis by inflammatory stimuli causes an increase in the concentration of cfDNA in blood plasma not only due to de novo emerging extracellular DNA by neutrophil netosis, but also by the release of distinct cfDNA fraction that was previously firmly bound to cell membranes in multiple body tissues under the action of proteases released during netosis

Correction of the consequences of mitochondrial 3243A>G mutation in the MT-TL1 gene causing the MELAS syndrome by tRNA import into mitochondria

Mutations in human mitochondrial DNA are often associated with incurable human neuromuscular diseases. Among these mutations, an important number have been identified in tRNA genes, including 29 in the gene MT-TL1 coding for the tRNALeu(UUR). The m.3243A>G mutation was described as the major cause of the MELAS syndrome (mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes). This mutation was reported to reduce tRNALeu(UUR) aminoacylation and modification of its anti-codon wobble position, which results in a defective mitochondrial protein synthesis and reduced activities of respiratory chain complexes. In the present study, we have tested whether the mitochondrial targeting of recombinant tRNAs bearing the identity elements for human mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase can rescue the phenotype caused by MELAS mutation in human transmitochondrial cybrid cells. We demonstrate that nuclear expression and mitochondrial targeting of specifically designed transgenic tRNAs results in an improvement of mitochondrial translation, increased levels of mitochondrial DNA-encoded respiratory complexes subunits, and significant rescue of respiration. These findings prove the possibility to direct tRNAs with changed aminoacylation specificities into mitochondria, thus extending the potential therapeutic strategy of allotopic expression to address mitochondrial disorders

Multiwavelength Intraday Variability of the BL Lac S5 0716+714

We report results from a 1 week multi-wavelength campaign to monitor the BL Lac object S5 0716+714 (on December 9-16, 2009). In the radio bands the source shows rapid (~ (0.5-1.5) day) intra-day variability with peak amplitudes of up to ~ 10 %. The variability at 2.8 cm leads by about 1 day the variability at 6 cm and 11 cm. This time lag and more rapid variations suggests an intrinsic contribution to the source's intraday variability at 2.8 cm, while at 6 cm and 11 cm interstellar scintillation (ISS) seems to predominate. Large and quasi-sinusoidal variations of ~ 0.8 mag were detected in the V, R and I-bands. The X-ray data (0.2-10 keV) do not reveal significant variability on a 4 day time scale, favoring reprocessed inverse-Compton over synchrotron radiation in this band. The characteristic variability time scales in radio and optical bands are similar. A quasi-periodic variation (QPO) of 0.9 - 1.1 days in the optical data may be present, but if so it is marginal and limited to 2.2 cycles. Cross-correlations between radio and optical are discussed. The lack of a strong radio-optical correlation indicates different physical causes of variability (ISS at long radio wavelengths, source intrinsic origin in the optical), and is consistent with a high jet opacity and a compact synchrotron component peaking at ~= 100 GHz in an ongoing very prominent flux density outburst. For the campaign period, we construct a quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distribution (SED), including gamma-ray data from the FERMI satellite. We obtain lower limits for the relativistic Doppler-boosting of delta >= 12-26, which for a BL\,Lac type object, is remarkably high.Comment: 16 pages, 15 figures, table 2; Accepted for Publication in MNRA