Координатные измерения ограниченных участков поверхности с учетом коэффициентов воспроизводимости технологического процесса

The paper gives results of experimental research on coordinate control of limited surface parts. Analysis of the method’s adaptability with due account of technological process reproducibility coefficients is given in the paper.Приведены результаты экспериментальных исследований координатного контроля ограниченных участков поверхности. В статье дается анализ методической адаптивности с учетом коэффициентов воспроизводимости технологического процесса

Research teen awareness about the dangers of smoking and the reasons

This article discusses the reasons associated with the abuse of adolescent smoking. The questions of the harmful effects of tobacco on the human body components. Referent group were students of rural schoolsВ статье рассматриваются причины, связанные со злоупотреблением подростками курением. Освещены вопросы вредного воздействия компонентов табака на организм человека. Реферетной группой являлись школьники сельской школ

Методы термодеструкции в лечении почечно-клеточного рака

Treatment policy for small renal tumors, up to 4 cm (T1a) varies from a follow-up to organ-removing operations. Renal resection is currently the standard of treatment. The basic principle of organ-preserving treatment is a maximally sparing attitude towards to the renal parenchyma. Mini-invasive treatments for locally advanced renal cancer in small neoplastic sizes have recently found clinical application. These include cryodestruction and radio-frequency ablation. The well-known advantages of mini-invasive treatments are preservation of the renal parenchyma, low traumaticity, and short-term hospitalization, as well as a rapid recovery of the patient’s working capacity after intervention. This paper considers the theoretical and practical aspects of use of current thermodestruction methods in the treatment of renal tumors.

Опыт работы мобильного компьютерного томографа в составе аэромобильного госпиталя МЧС России в полевых условиях Крайнего Севера для борьбы со вспышкой новой коронавирусной инфекции

Background. Large-scale construction of industrial and transport facilities is underway in the Far North of Russia. The process involves more than 10,000 shift workers, and there was a Covid19 outbreak in this population. In order to contain the outbreak and prevent the spread of infection in this area the Russian Emergencies Ministry deployed an airmobile hospital.Purpose. The purpose is to present an experience of work with the mobile CT scanner as part of an airmobile field hospital deployed in the Far North of Russia to combat the Covid-19 outbreak.Materials and methods. On April 6, 2020, the construction site reported a “zero patient” who sought medical aid; the PCR test showed positive results of coronavirus. In the first half of April, over 300 rotation employees applied for medical care, most of them had a positive PCR test. On April 11, a state of emergency was declared in the construction site and, on April 17, 2020, airmobile hospital started operations. Its mission lasted 54 days. The mobile CT scanner (Brightspeed Elite Mobile, GE) was transported by land. The field hospital closely cooperated with the nearest medical institutions and the regional clinical hospital.Results. During its work the airmobile hospital examined 1,678 rotational workers and 408 employees of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Murmansk region, with 2,086 CT scans performed. The average age of the patients was 37.8 years, men predominated. In 91.2% of patients, fever was the first symptom of the disease. Blood saturation results ranged from 92% to 99%. The degree of lung involvement ranged from CT 0 to CT 4. During the work of the airmobile hospital, COVID-19 was diagnosed in 500 people, including 328 cases of mild form, 98 – moderate, 74 – severe, no mortalities.Conclusion. A positive experience of application of the mobile CT scanner as part of the AMH field hospital in unfavorable epidemiological conditions of the Far North of the Russian Federation was obtained. CT plays a key role in early detection of infection, differential diagnosis, and identification of complications. Determination of the severity of the disease based on CT data is crucial for patient routing.Введение. На территории Крайнего Севера Российской Федерации ведется масштабное строительство промышленных и транспортных объектов. В этом процессе участвуют более 10 000 вахтовых рабочих и в этой популяции произошла вспышка COVID-19. В целях сдерживания вспышки и предотвращения распространения инфекции в этом районе МЧС России развернуло аэромобильный госпиталь (АМГ).Цель исследования: представить опыт работы мобильного компьютерного томографа в составе полевого АМГ, развернутого на Крайнем Севере России для борьбы со вспышкой COVID-19.Материал и методы. 6 апреля 2020 г. на территории строительного объекта был зафиксирован “нулевой пациент”, ПЦР-тест которого оказался положительным на наличие коронавируса. В первой половине апреля за медицинской помощью обратилось более 300 вахтовиков. 11 апреля на территории строительного объекта была объявлена “чрезвычайная ситуация” и уже 17 апреля 2020 г. начал свою работу АМГ, длительность миссии которого составила 54 дня. Передвижной мобильный компьютерный томограф (Brightspeed Elite Mobile, GE) был транспортирован сухопутным путем. Полевой госпиталь работал в тесном взаимодействии с ближайшими медицинскими учреждениями и краевой клинической больницей.Результаты. За 54 дня работы АМГ было обследовано 1678 вахтовиков, 408 сотрудников ведомства МЧС Мурманской области, выполнено 2086 КТ-исследований. Средний возраст пациентов 37,8 года, преобладали мужчины. У 91,2% пациентов лихорадка была первым признаком заболевания. Результаты сатурации крови колебались от 92 до 99%. Степень поражения легких варьировала от КТ-0 до КТ-4. За время работы АМГ заболевание COVID-19 диагностировано у 500 человек, из них у 328 – легкая форма, у 98 – среднетяжелая, у 74 – тяжелая, летальных исходов нет.Заключение. Получен положительный опыт применения мобильного компьютерного томографа в составе полевого АМГ в неблагоприятных эпидемиологических условиях Крайнего Севера Российской Федерации. КТ играет ключевую роль в раннем выявлении инфекции, дифференциальной диагностике и выявлении осложнений. Определение степени тяжести заболевания на основе данных компьютерной томографии имеет решающее значение для маршрутизации пациентов

ОРТОТОПИЧЕСКАЯ ТРАНСПЛАНТАЦИЯ ПЕЧЕНИ: РОЛЬ ИНТЕРВЕНЦИОННОЙ РАДИОЛОГИИ

To study therapeutic modalities of interventional radiology in patients (pts) before and after orthotopic liver trans- plantation (OLT). OLT was performed in 53 pts between 1998 and 2008. Endovascular treatments were performed in 20 pts. Pre-OLT interventional procedures included transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (5 patients) and TIPS (8 patients). Post-OLT procedures were: dilatation or/and stenting of biliary strictures (4), stenting of IVC (2), balloon dilatation of cava-caval anastomosis (1), partial splenic embolization (PSE) in steel syndrome (1). All IR procedures were technically successful. There was no mortality or serious complication. After chemoemboliza- tion, there was partial tumor response in all 5 patients with HCC; two successfully transplanted are alive without recurrence in 11 and 15 months. After TIPS, 3 pts underwent OLT. Satisfactory biliary passage was achieved in all pts with strictures. Clinical symptoms and liver function improved in three pts with venous strictures. After PSE, steal syndrome regressed rapidly. All pts are asymptomatic and well in 5–24 mo after IR treatment. IR procedures prolong long-term patient survival before OLT and may improve outcomes in pts after OLT. В работе обсуждается эффективность интервенционных радиологических процедур у больных перед и после ортотопической трансплантации печени (ОТП). За период 1998–2008 гг. ОТП выполнена 53 паци- ентам. Лечебные эндоваскулярные вмешательства осуществлены у 20 из этих больных. Предоперацион- ные процедуры выполнены у 13 пациентов: масляная химиоэмболизация печеночной артерии (МХЭПА, n = 5), наложение внутрипеченочного портокавального шунта (TIPS, n = 8). У 7 больных произведены 8 послеоперационных вмешательств: дренирование и/или стентирование желчных протоков (n = 4), ре- канализация и стентирование стеноза/окклюзии нижней полой вены (НПВ, n = 2), баллонная дилатация кава-кавального анастомоза (n = 1), эмболизация селезеночной артерии (n = 1). После МХЭПА отмечено уменьшение злокачественной опухоли или замедление ее роста у всех 5 пациентов, ОТП к настоящему времени осуществлена у 3 из них. В результате TIPS снижение портальной гипертензии произошло у всех больных, ОТП выполнена в 3 наблюдениях. Все послеоперационные процедуры были также технически и клинически успешны. Методы интервенционной радиологии позволяют продлить время ожидания до- норской печени у больных, которым требуется ОТП. Рентгеноэндоваскулярные вмешательства позволяют устранить послеоперационные билиарные и сосудистые стриктуры, а также другие осложнения ОТП.

The influence of gestational remodeling in venous pool of the lower extremity and placental vessels on development of placentary insufficiency at the pregnancy burdened by a chronic venous isuffiency

It is spent prospective randomized research ot 3 groups of pregnant women. The basic group was made by 62 pregnant women with chronic venous insufficiency, receiving the differentiated treatment on the developed algorithm with application vein tonics (Flebodia 600). The comparison group included 62 pregnant women with for the first time revealed chronic venous insufficiency, receiving not differentiated therapy. The control group is presented by 25 pregnant women without a pathology. Have been estimated hemostasiological parametres, the control of a condition of venous system of the bottom finitenesses was spent by a duplex scanning. The condition a fetoplacental complex was estimated (biophysical profile of a fetus, Doppler sonography, cardiotocography). During research the positive correlation interrelation between hemocoagulation activity, peak systolic to end diastolic ratio, a resistance index uterines arteries and haemodynamics in the big hypodermic vein is received at duplex scanning that allows to assume the mechanism of development of placentary insufficiency at the pregnancy complicated by a chronic venous insufficiency and to develop the differentiated approach to therapy for preventive maintenance pathological gestational remodeling and thrombogenesis.Проведено проспективное рандомизированное исследование 2 групп беременных. Основную I группу составили 62 беременные с ХВН, получавшие дифференцированное лечение по разработанному алгоритму с применением флеботоников (Флебодиа 600). Группа II сравнения включала 62 беременных с впервые выявленной ХВН, получавших недифференцированную терапию. Группа контроля представлена 25 беременными без патологии. Были оценены гемостазиологические параметры, контроль состояния венозной системы нижних конечностей проводился методом дуплексного ангиосканирования. Оценивалось состояние фетоплацентарного комплекса (биофизический профиль плода, допплерография, кардиотокограмма). В ходе исследования получена положительная корреляционная взаимосвязь между гемокоагуляционной активностью, систолодиастолическим отношением, индексом резистентности маточных артерий и гемодинамикой в большой подкожной вене при дуплексном ангиосканировании, что позволяет предположить механизм развития плацентарной недостаточности при беременности, осложненной хронической венозной недостаточности и разработать дифференцированный подход к терапии для профилактики патологического гестационного ремоделирования и тромбообразования

Modulation of Behavioral and Neurochemical Responses of Adult Zebrafish by Fluoxetine, Eicosapentaenoic Acid and Lipopolysaccharide in the Prolonged Chronic Unpredictable Stress Model

Long-term recurrent stress is a common cause of neuropsychiatric disorders. Animal models are widely used to study the pathogenesis of stress-related psychiatric disorders. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is emerging as a powerful tool to study chronic stress and its mechanisms. Here, we developed a prolonged 11-week chronic unpredictable stress (PCUS) model in zebrafish to more fully mimic chronic stress in human populations. We also examined behavioral and neurochemical alterations in zebrafish, and attempted to modulate these states by 3-week treatment with an antidepressant fluoxetine, a neuroprotective omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a pro-inflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and their combinations. Overall, PCUS induced severe anxiety and elevated norepinephrine levels, whereas fluoxetine (alone or combined with other agents) corrected most of these behavioral deficits. While EPA and LPS alone had little effects on the zebrafish PCUS-induced anxiety behavior, both fluoxetine (alone or in combination) and EPA restored norepinephrine levels, whereas LPS + EPA increased dopamine levels. As these data support the validity of PCUS as an effective tool to study stress-related pathologies in zebrafish, further research is needed into the ability of various conventional and novel treatments to modulate behavioral and neurochemical biomarkers of chronic stress in this model organism. © 2021, The Author(s).This research was supported solely by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 19‐15‐00053. K.A.D. is supported by the Special Rector’s Productivity Fellowship for SPSU PhD Students, and the lab is supported by St. Petersburg State University state budgetary funds (project ID 73026081). A.V.K. is the Chair of the International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and President of the International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS, www.stress-and-behavior.com) that coordinated this collaborative multi-laboratory project. The consortium provided a collaborative idea exchange platform for this study, it is not considered as affiliation and did not fund the study. A.V.K. lab is supported by the Southwest University (SWU) Zebrafish Platform Construction Fund (Chongqing, China). The authors thank Professor Raul R. Gainetdinov (Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia) for his generous assistance with the HPLC studies in his laboratory. The funders had no role in the design, analyses, and interpretation of the submitted study, or decision to publish

Understanding complex dynamics of behavioral, neurochemical and transcriptomic changes induced by prolonged chronic unpredictable stress in zebrafish

Stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders are widespread, debilitating and often treatment-resistant illnesses that represent an urgent unmet biomedical problem. Animal models of these disorders are widely used to study stress pathogenesis. A more recent and historically less utilized model organism, the zebrafish (Danio rerio), is a valuable tool in stress neuroscience research. Utilizing the 5-week chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) model, here we examined brain transcriptomic profiles and complex dynamic behavioral stress responses, as well as neurochemical alterations in adult zebrafish and their correction by chronic antidepressant, fluoxetine, treatment. Overall, CUS induced complex neurochemical and behavioral alterations in zebrafish, including stable anxiety-like behaviors and serotonin metabolism deficits. Chronic fluoxetine (0.1 mg/L for 11 days) rescued most of the observed behavioral and neurochemical responses. Finally, whole-genome brain transcriptomic analyses revealed altered expression of various CNS genes (partially rescued by chronic fluoxetine), including inflammation-, ubiquitin- and arrestin-related genes. Collectively, this supports zebrafish as a valuable translational tool to study stress-related pathogenesis, whose anxiety and serotonergic deficits parallel rodent and clinical studies, and genomic analyses implicate neuroinflammation, structural neuronal remodeling and arrestin/ubiquitin pathways in both stress pathogenesis and its potential therapy. © 2020, The Author(s).The research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (RSF) Grant 19‐15‐00053. KAD is supported by the President of Russia Graduate Fellowship, the Special Rector’s Productivity Fellowship for SPSU PhD Students, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) grant 18‐34‐00996. ADP was supported by St. Petersburg University (project ID 51555422). The research team was supported by St. Petersburg State University state budgetary funds (project ID 51130521). AVK is the Chair of the International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC) and President of the International Stress and Behavior Society (ISBS, www.stress-and-behavior.com) that coordinated this collaborative multi-laboratory project. The consortium provided a collaborative idea exchange platform for this study. It is not considered as an affiliation, and did not fund the study. AVK is supported by the Southwest University Zebrafish Platform Construction Fund. TGA’s research is supported by the budgetary funding for basic research from the Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine (AAAA-A16-116021010228-0, Novosibirsk, Russia). This study utilized equipment of the Core Facilities Centre “Centre for Molecular and Cell Technologies” of St. Petersburg State University. The funders had no role in the design, analyses, and interpretation of the submitted study, or decision to publish

Metagenomic profiling of viral and microbial communities from the pox lesions of lumpy skin disease virus and sheeppox virus-infected hosts

IntroductionIt has been recognized that capripoxvirus infections have a strong cutaneous tropism with the manifestation of skin lesions in the form of nodules and scabs in the respective hosts, followed by necrosis and sloughing off. Considering that the skin microbiota is a complex community of commensal bacteria, fungi and viruses that are influenced by infections leading to pathological states, there is no evidence on how the skin microbiome is affected during capripoxvirus pathogenesis.MethodsIn this study, shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to investigate the microbiome in pox lesions from hosts infected with lumpy skin disease virus and sheep pox virus.ResultsThe analysis revealed a high degree of variability in bacterial community structures across affected skin samples, indicating the importance of specific commensal microorganisms colonizing individual hosts. The most common and abundant bacteria found in scab samples were Fusobacterium necrophorum, Streptococcus dysgalactiae, Helcococcus ovis and Trueperella pyogenes, irrespective of host. Bacterial reads belonging to the genera Moraxella, Mannheimia, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus and Micrococcus were identified.DiscussionThis study is the first to investigate capripox virus-associated changes in the skin microbiome using whole-genome metagenomic profiling. The findings will provide a basis for further investigation into capripoxvirus pathogenesis. In addition, this study highlights the challenge of selecting an optimal bioinformatics approach for the analysis of metagenomic data in clinical and veterinary practice. For example, direct classification of reads using a kmer-based algorithm resulted in a significant number of systematic false positives, which may be attributed to the peculiarities of the algorithm and database selection. On the contrary, the process of de novo assembly requires a large number of target reads from the symbiotic microbial community. In this work, the obtained sequencing data were processed by three different approaches, including direct classification of reads based on k-mers, mapping of reads to a marker gene database, and de novo assembly and binning of metagenomic contigs. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques and their practicality in veterinary settings are discussed in relation to the results obtained

Fashion design in a multicultural space

The collective monograph contains the results of the synthesis of theoretical materials, as well as the authors` applied research developments on the design of the clothes of different assortment and purpose, made from different materials considering the modern scientific methods