Projecte d'un sistema d'impulsió d'aigua per una explotació ramadera i millora de la xarxa de reg

L'actual sistema de xarxa d'impulsió d'aigua s'ha convertit en una de les pràctiques més habituals dins de l'agricultura al context global, en l'àmbit de la ramaderia i no només Espanya o Europa. Els agricultors busquen augmentar la producció dels seus productes perquè es troben dins un mercat molt exigent que no deixa de créixer. Tot i que la instal·lació de nous sistemes d'impulsió d'aigua per l'energia solar comporta un alt desemborsament inicial, aquest es veu compensat, a més per l'augment productiu, per la quantitat d'efectes positius en els àmbits hidrològic, econòmic i social. El projecte es redacta a petició del promotor qui vol actualitzar el seu ramader, portar aigua portable amb els abeuradors a tot la parcel·la previst per pasturar el ramats i el camp de cultiu, adaptant el tipus d'uns cultius rendibles com fenc, alfals o pipes de gira-sol, blats, avena i etc. Realització d'un magatzem agrícola pel procés de fabricació de les seves produccions com penso, així com transformar a regadiu unes parcel·la de 10 ha amb futura expansió. El principal objectiu d'aquest treball és dissenyar una xarxa d’impulsió d’aigua per l’explotació ramader orientada a la modernització per poder tenir accés a l’aigua en qualsevol moment del dia i la nit i així com la millora actual del sistema del reg. Per triar la instal·lació que es col·locarà a la parcel·la, s'analitzaran diferents alternatives energètiques i de sistemes de la conducció. Un cop triat el sistema (tipus a empleats) es realitza una anàlisi del funcionament i característiques del sistema, explorant la possibilitat d'instal·lació de la xarxa de mitjana pressió i de baixa pressió. Per a l'elecció més adequada es dissenyaran les xarxes d’aigua realitzant els càlculs hidràulics necessaris per satisfer les demandes de pressió i cabal a tots els punts de la xarxa. Es dissenyarà i analitzarà la sectorització de cadascuna de les parcel·les, així com la distribució òptima dels punts dels abeuradors. Un cop satisfets els requeriments tècnics de cadascuna de les possibles alternatives d'instal·lació, l'elecció final del sistema es basarà principalment en la instal·lació que menors costos generi a llarg termini, per a això es calcularan els seus necessitats i consums, així com les pèrdues que es generin. Finalment preveurem les mesures adient, les normes i les lleis aplicades per dur a terme aquest projecte.The current water promotion system has become one of the most common practices in agriculture within the global context, in the field of agriculture and not just in Spain or Europe. Farmers seek to increase their production, because they have a very demanding market that does not stop growing. Since the installation of the solar energy water drive systems entails a high initial outlay, this is more than compensated for the increased productivity, due to the number of positive effects in the areas hydrological, economic and social. The project is drafted at the request of the promoter who will update the farm, carry portable water to all the plots, which is planned to graze the branches and the crop field, adapting the type of crops that are profitable with fence, forage or sunflower seed, malt, oatmeal and etc. Executation of an agricultural department, for the manufacturing process of several productions with thought, also with the transformation of an irrigation of 10-hectare plot with future expansion. The main objective of this work is to design a water supply network for modernization-oriented livestock farming to have access to water at any time of day and night and as well as the current improvement of the irrigational system. To choose the installation that will be placed on the plot, different energy alternatives and driving systems will be analysed. Once the system (type to employees) has been chosen, an analysis of the operation and characteristics of the system is carried out, exploring the possibility of installing the medium pressure and low pressure network. For the most suitable choice, the water networks will be designed by carrying out the hydraulic calculations necessary to satisfy the pressure and flow demands at all points in the network. The sectorisation of each of the plots will be designed and analysed, as well as the optimal distribution of the drinking trough points. Once the technical requirements of each of the possible installation alternatives have been met, the final choice of the system will be based mainly on the installation that generates lower costs in the long term, for which its needs and consumptions will be calculated, as well as the losses that are generated. Finally, we will provide the appropriate measures, rules and laws applied to carry out this project

P and Ca digestibility is increased in broiler diets supplemented with the high-phytase HIGHPHY wheat

Around 70% of total seed phosphorus is represented by phytate which must be hydrolysed to be bioavailable in non-ruminant diets. The limited endogenous phytase activity in non-ruminant animals make it common practice to add an exogenous phytase source to most poultry and pig feeds. The mature grain phytase activity (MGPA) of cereal seeds provides a route for the seeds themselves to contribute to phytate digestion, but MGPA varies considerably between species and most varieties in current use make negligible contributions. Currently, all phytases used for feed supplementation and transgenic improvement of MGPA are derived from microbial enzymes belonging to the group of histidine acid phosphatases (HAP). Cereals contain HAP phytases, but the bulk of MGPA can be attributed to phytases belonging to a completely different group of phosphatases, the purple acid phosphatases (PAPhy). In recent years, increased MGPAs were achieved in cisgenic barley holding extra copies of barley PAPhy and in the wheat HIGHPHY mutant, where MGPA was increased to ~6200 FTU/kg. In the present study, the effect of replacing 33%, 66% and 100% of a standard wheat with HIGHPHY wheat was compared with a control diet with and without 500 FTU of supplemental phytase. Diets were compared by evaluating broiler performance, ileal Ca and P digestibility and tibia development, using nine replicate pens of four birds per diet over 3 weeks from hatch. There were no differences between treatments in any tibia or bird performance parameters, indicating the control diet did not contain sufficiently low levels of phosphorus to distinguish effect of phytase addition. However, in a comparison of the two wheats, the ileal Ca and P digestibility coefficients for the 100% HIGHPHY wheat diets are 22.9% and 35.6% higher, respectively, than for the control diet, indicating the wheat PAPhy is functional in the broiler digestive tract. Furthermore, 33% HIGHPHY replacement of conventional wheat, significantly improved Ca and P digestibility over the diet-supplemented exogenous phytase, probably due to the higher phytase activity in the HIGHPHY diet (1804 v. 1150 FTU). Full replacement by HIGHPHY gave 14.6% and 22.8% higher ileal digestibility coefficients for Ca and P, respectively, than for feed supplemented with exogenous HAP phytase at 500 FTU. This indicates that in planta wheat PAPhys has promising potential for improving P and mineral digestibility in animal feed

Nutrient composition, insect pests and microbial population in rice bran samples from some mills in Kumasi and its environs

No Abstract. Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 23(1) 2003: 1-