Microbial population in phyllosphere of mangroves grow in different salinity zones of Bhitarkanika (India).

Microbial population in phyllosphere of mangroves grow in different salinity zones of Bhitarkanika (India). The bacterial and fungal populations in phyllosphere of mangrove plants were investigated in order to evaluate differences in their occurrence associated with host species. Study sites included relatively undisturbed and purely mangrove area that were selected for sampling from both the low and intermediate salinity zones. Microbial population count was analyzed in 11 and 14 different and/or similar plant species from these two salinity zones. The maximum microbial population was observed in phyllosphere of low salinity zone. However, Crinum defixum L. was found to be most populated with bacteria among all other phyllosphere plant samples tested.Poblaciones microbianas de las hojas de manglares que crecen en zonas de diferente salinidad de Bhitarkanika (India). Se estudiaron las poblaciones de bacterias y hongos que se desarrollan sobre las hojas de manglares con el objeto de evaluar si había diferencias entre las especies hospedadoras. El estudio incluía manglares de áreas no alteradas, y se escogieron zonas que representasen valores de salinidad bajo (11 especies) y media (14 especies), respectivamente. El valor más alto de las poblaciones microbianas se detectó en hojas de manglares de la zona de baja salinidad, pero en la zona de salinidad media Crinum defixum L. fue la especie hospedadora con los niveles más altos de poblaciones bacterianas

Bioactive Endophytic Fungi from Forest Trees A Review

The microscopic creatures known as endophytic fungi live inside the plant without contaminating it or harming it in any way. These may have an impact on the host plants’ distribution, ecology, physiology, and biochemistry. Several scientists studied about the endophytic fungi, their sources, categorisation, biological properties, industrial importance, & therapeutic value. Endophytic fungi are considered as “gold mine” for bioactive compounds having antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anticancer, antioxidant, and many more medical, industrial & biotechnological applications. They are well studied for their synthesis of secondary metabolites from different sources, these are not only useful for agriculture instead used in the food industry and many of them have therapeutic potential

Phosphate Solubilising Fungi from Mangroves of Bhitarkanika, Orissa

Mangroves have evolved several adaptations to swampy and saline environments. It is situated at the inter-phase between marine and terrestrial environment, which is highly productive providing nutrients to surrounding micro biota. Similar adaptive characteristics in the form and function may occur with the associated microflora in such environments. Several free living and symbiotic microorganisms occurred in such saline habitats and some of them are reported for their beneficial activity in mangrove ecosystem like biomineralization of organic matter and bio-transformation of minerals. In view of this, 106 fungi isolated from rhizosphere and phyllosphere of mangrove plants grown in Bhitarkanika, Orissa were screened on plate culture containing Pikovaskaya medium for the phosphate solubilization. Selected fungi were evaluated for their phosphate solubilization potential under different cultural conditions. A total of 36 fungi were isolated that showed variable halo zone on medium containing tricalcium phosphate when grown under different pH and temperature. The highest zone was formed by Aspergillus PF8 (63 mm) and Aspergillus PF127 (46.5 mm). The observation on tricalcium phosphate solubilization activity of Paecilomyces, Cladobotrytis, Helminthosporium is rare. However, a detailed and elaborative studies are needed to confirm better mineral solubilization potential of these fungi. Key words: mangrove, fungi, phosphat

Behavioral and Developmental Changes in Rats with Prenatal Exposure of Mirtazapine

Mirtazapine is an often used antidepressant drug; however insufficient information is available regarding its safety during pregnancy. Therefore, this work was initiated to study the effect of prenatal exposure of mirtazapine on postnatal developments of rats. The study was conducted on pregnant rats to observe the safety profile of mirtazapine in comparison to control. The percentage weight gain, gestation period and litter size of the rats treated with double therapeutic dose (DTD) was significantly lower than the rats treated with therapeutic dose (TD) and rats of control group. However the litter size of the TD treated rats was also found smaller than the control. The offspring were examined through battery of test in order to evaluate their developmental neurotoxicity. The test includes the assessment of postnatal growth, reflex ontogeny, neuromotor abilities, activity level, emotional reactivity and learning ability. The DTD exposure negatively affected on overall growth of pups in comparison to TD exposed pups and control group. Further, the amine concentration in brain was also found significantly lower in DTD exposed pups. Therefore, this study reveals that the treatment of pregnant rats with TD and DTD decreases their litter size. In addition the prenatal exposure of DTD of mirtazapine negatively affects on neurodevelopment of rats

Microbial L Asparaginases Therapeutic and Industrial Applications

L-asparaginase (EC 3.5.1.1) is an enzyme that mostly helps break down asparagine into L-aspartic acid and ammonium in water. This enzyme can be found in many living things, like bacteria, plants, and some animals, like the serum of some rodents. Especially for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) and Hodgkin’s lymphoma, it is an important chemotherapeutic drug for treating lymphoproliferative diseases and lymphomas. When L-asparaginase comes in contact with water, it breaks down more easily. At the moment, biotechnological methods using certain microorganisms are mostly used to make L-asparaginase. Still, industrial manufacturing needs a study that focuses on both increasing production yields and coming up with new ways to do things, like using different microbes to make enzymes useful in more situations. This review gives an overview of L-asparaginase’s uses and talks about how it is made by different microbes, as well as its limitations, current research, and issues that need to be fixed before it can be used in industry

BIOCHEMICAL & ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF WILD EDIBLE MUSHROOMS USED FOR FOOD BY TRIBAL OF EASTERN INDIA

Objective: The main objective of this research was to analyze some selected indigenous wild edible mushrooms in Eastern India for their novel antioxidant components and their properties specifically used by primitive tribal groups of Eastern India.Methods: The antioxidant components were analyzed by standardized spectrophotometric methods. The antioxidant properties were analyzed by DPPH Free radical scavenging & Reducing power ability assay.Results: The TPC (phenolic content) in the studied edible mushroom varied from 4.55 mg/g (Russula nigricans) to 0.9 mg/g GAE (Lentinus tuberigium). Measured in term of antioxidants Termitomyces group ranked higher than Russula and Volvariella sp. The scavenging effect of studied mushrooms on 1,1 DPPH varied from 61% to as high as 94%. On the other hand, reducing power (RPA) in methanolic extracts were in the order of T. clypeatus (4.21) T. heimi (2.20) ~R. breviceps (1.73) ~ Termitomyces eurrhizus (1.11) ~ T. rufum (1.07). Antioxidant potential inedible wild mushrooms are found to be on account of combinations of biochemicals, rather than any such significant individual components as TPC, AA, or alkaloid. Conclusion: This is for the first time wild edibles such as Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces eurrhizus, Termitomyces heimii, Russula brevipes, Tuber rufum, Russula nigricans, Volvariella volvaceae, Lentinus fusipes, Lentinus tuberigium and R. lepida from eastern India were observed, collected and subjected to nutritional and biochemical analysis. Of significance is the identification of Tuber rufum and Volvariella volvaceae growing wild as edible mushrooms which have not been profiled in the Indian context. The analysed mushroom especially Lentinus fusipes and Lentinus tuberigium was found valuable in terms of iron and calcium, besides having useful phytochemicals such as phenolics, ascorbic acid, carotenoids. Keywords: Deciduous forests, Orissa, Wild food, Phenolics, Ergosterol, Termitomyce

Deliberation of Manas Prakriti & It’s Correlation to Personality

Ayurveda is science of life with established system of medicine and practices.  A well-known traditional system of medicine based on Sankhaya philosophy & various fundamentals like Panchmahabhoot ,Tridosha, Triguna, Samanya – Vishesha etc . Ayurveda looks at individuals in terms of their psychophysical constitution through the lenses of Tridosha and Triguna. It considers health as a state of well-being of composite structure i.e body and mind. The Indian psychological systems have withstood the test of time, & has been applicable across centuries without losing their relevance and applicability to people from ages to the present day. Present article aims to correlate Manas Prakriti in vedic psychology to the concept of personality and open new dimensions for personality development, diagnosis of personality related disorders and their treatment[re-habilitation]

Solubilization of tricalcium phosphate and rock phosphate by microbes isolated from chromite, iron and manganese mines

Among 62 fungi and 253 bacteria obtained from heavy metal mines of Orissa (India) screened for phosphate solubilization properties, 12 fungi and 19 bacteria were found to solubilise tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Penicillium sp. 21 solubilised and released 81.48 mg PmL–1 whereas Penicillium sp. 2 showed better efficiency of rock phosphate solubilization and produced 4.87 mg PmL–1 into the liquid culture. Bacterial strains were comparatively poor solubilisers of TCPand rock phosphate in solid and liquid culture. The bacteria and fungi isolated from the mines of Orissa were endowed with phosphate solubilization properties. Phosphate solubilising fungi were acid producers and more efficient than bacterial isolates. Penicillium sp.21 and Penicillium sp. 2 were confirmed the best for TCP and rock phosphate solubilization