Seleção de bactérias celulolíticas para formulação de inoculantes para processo de compostagem de conteúdo ruminal bovino

In Brazil, about 34 million head of cattle are slaughtered each year, and each slaughtered animal can produce approximately 25 kg of ruminal contents. This residue, if not disposed of properly, can be considered as an environmental risk material, thus requiring special attention in its management. A sustainable form of treatment of the ruminal residue is the transformation of this into an organic source of nutrients and potential microorganisms for the production of enzymes that can be used in various forms in biotechnological processes. The objective of the work was to obtain a mixed culture from cellulolytic bacteria derived from bovine ruminal content in the composting process and filamentous fungi. Two hundred and fifty bacteria isolated at 7, 21, 39 and 62 days throughout the composting process were analyzed for the potential to produce cellulolytic enzymes. At the first screening, 16 bacteria were selected. After the enzymatic tests in liquid medium containing Xylan and CMC to determine Xylanase and CMCase respectively, the best results for CMCase were given by the bacteria: 1T54 (0.72 U/mL), 2T47 (0.9 U/mL), 2T43.1 (1.48 U/mL), 3T56.1 (0.9 U/mL) and 3T32 (1.12 U/mL) and for xylanase: 1T54 (9.67 U/mL), 2T42.1 (5.21 U/mL), 2T43.1 (5.58 U/mL), 2T03 (5.33 U/mL), 3T56.1 (29.77 U/mL), 2T37.1 (29.06 U/mL) and 3T32 (5.82 U/mL). The best combinations among bacteria were 1T54 + 2T43.1, 2T37.1 + 2T47 and 3T56.1 + 3T32. Among fungi and bacteria respectively (Bacteria + Fungus), the strains 2T43.1 + 1T1502 and 1T54 + 1T1502. Bacteria and filamentous fungi strains cultured in mixed cultures promoted 12 combinations between bacteria and 14 mutual interlacements among 13 fungi tested. The best combinations among bacteria were: 1T54 + 2T43.1, 2T37.1 + 2T47 and 3T56.1 + 3T32. Among fungi and bacteria, respectively, (Bacteria + Fungus) the 2T43.1 + 1T1502 and 1T54 + 1T1502. Bacteria isolated from ruminal residue expressed an enzymatic production capacity of CMCase and xylanase as well as showing mutual entanglement with each other and with fungi, showing that the isolates can be combined for mixed culture formation and used for composting as well as decomposition.No Brasil são abatidos por ano cerca de 34 milhões de cabeças de rebanho bovino, sendo que cada animal abatido pode produzir aproximadamente 25 kg de conteúdo ruminal. Este resíduo se não disposto adequadamente pode ser considerado como um material de risco ambiental, necessitando assim de especial atenção no seu gerenciamento. Uma forma sustentável de tratamento do resíduo ruminal é a transformação deste em uma fonte orgânica de nutrientes e de microrganismos potenciais para produção de enzimas que podem ser utilizadas de diversas formas em processos biotecnológicos. O objetivo do trabalho foi a obtenção de cultura mista a partir de bactérias celulolíticas oriundas do conteúdo ruminal bovino no processo de compostagem e fungos filamentosos. Duzentas e cinquenta bactérias isoladas aos 7, 21, 39 e 62 dias ao longo do processo de compostagem foram analisadas quanto ao potencial de produzir enzimas celulolíticas. Na primeira triagem foram selecionadas 16 bactérias. Após os testes enzimáticos em meio liquido contendo Xilana e CMC para determinar Xilanase e CMCase respectivamente, os melhores resultados para CMCase foram dados pelas bactérias: 1T54(0.72 U/mL), 2T47(0.9 U/mL), 2T43.1(1.48 U/mL), 3T56.1(0.9 U/mL) e 3T32(1.12 U/mL) e para xilanase: 1T54(9.67 U/mL), 2T42.1(5.21 U/mL), 2T43.1(5.58 U/mL), 2T03(5.33 U/mL), 3T56.1(29.77 U/mL), 2T37.1(29.06 U/mL) e 3T32(5.82 U/mL). As melhores combinações entre bactérias foram 1T54+2T43.1, 2T37.1+2T47 e 3T56.1+3T32. E entre fungos e bactérias respectivamente (Bactéria+Fungo), as linhagens 2T43.1 +1T1502 e 1T54+1T1502. As linhagens de bactérias e fungos filamentosos cultivados em culturas mistas promoveram 12 combinações entre as bactérias e 14 entrelaçamentos mútuos entre 13 fungos testados. As melhores combinações entre bactérias foram: 1T54+2T43.1, 2T37.1+2T47 e 3T56.1+3T32. E entre fungos e bactérias respectivamente (Bactéria+Fungo) as 2T43.1 +1T1502 e 1T54+1T1502. As bactérias isoladas de resíduo ruminal expressaram capacidade de produção enzimáticas de CMCase e xilanase assim como apresentaram entrelaçamentos mútuos entre si e com fungos, mostrando que os isolados podem ser combinados para a formação de cultura mista e usadas para testes em leiras de compostagem como aceleradores de decomposição

Reprodução e desenvolvimento de minhocas gigante africana (Eudrilus eugeniae) em Lodo de Esgoto produzido na cidade de Gurupi, Estado do Tocantins

The current study aimed to evaluate the breeding and developmen of worms (Eudrilus eugeniae) in different dilutions of sewage sludge produced in the city of Gurupi, Tocantins State, under of natural shade in forest savanna and controlled humidity conditions. The experiment was conducted between the months of April to July 2011. Assessments were made after 30, 60 and 90 days, and the numbers of births and deaths of worms was compared in three substrates: T1 = pure sewage sludge, T2 = 75% sewage sludge + 25% rice husk and T3 = 50% sewage sludge + 50% rice husk, maintained at 80% moisture by artificial irrigation. The results were analyzed by Tukey tests. The largest numbers of births occurred in treatment T2 at 30 days but there were no significant differences in the final quantities of worms between the three treatments. The treatment T3 gave the highest average reproductive. There was a tendency to increase the biomass of the worms as the sewage sludge concentration was diluted.Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reprodução e o desenvolvimento de minhocas (Eudrilus eugeniae) em diferentes diluições de lodo de esgoto produzido na cidade de Gurupi, Estado do Tocantins, sob condições de sombreamento natural em mata de cerrado e umidade controlada. O experimento foi realizado entre os meses de Abril a Julho de 2011. As avaliações ocorreramapós 30, 60 e 90 dias, quando se comparou as quantidades de nascimentos e mortes de minhocas em três tipos de substratos: T1 = lodo de esgoto puro; T2 = 75% lodo de esgoto + 25% de casca de arroz e T3 = 50% lodo de esgoto +50% de casca de arroz, mantidas com 80% de umidade através de irrigação artificial. A maior quantidade de nascimentos ocorreu no tratamento T2 aos 30 dias e não foram observadas diferenças nas quantidades finais de minhocas nos três tratamentos e nas três épocas avaliadas. O tratamento T3proporcionou os maiores valores médios reprodutivos. Observou-se uma tendência em aumentar a biomassa das minhocas conforme se diluiu as concentrações de lodo de esgoto

Manutenção da qualidade pós-colheita de pimenta de cheiro (Capsicum chinense) armazenadas sob atmosfera modificada e refrigeração

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different types of packaging on the life of de aromatic peppers (Capsicum chinense) stored under refrigeration for 10 days. The aromatic peppers were harvested, taken to the laboratory, selected, washed, sanitized and stored in different packaging in BOD (8 ± 1ºC, 90 ± 5% RH) for 10 days. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD) in factorial scheme 3x6, with three different packaging (Styrofoam tray (15x15x3cm) coated with PVC, 14 micron, bag of polyethylene and polystyrene cup with 500ml) and 6 times storage (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days). Analyses carried out every two days were: weight loss, firmness, color, identification of volatile compounds and evaluation of external appearance. Regardless of the package kept the peppers color and flavor. The package consists of a Styrofoam tray covered with cling film provides greater weight loss and strength and therefore less suitable for storage at 8°C de aromatic peppers.O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de três diferentes tipos de embalagens sobre a vida útil de pimentas de cheiro (Capsicum chinense) armazenadas sob refrigeração, por 10 dias. As pimentas foram colhidas, levadas ao laboratório, selecionadas, lavadas, sanificadas e armazenadas nas diferentes embalagens em BOD (8 ±1ºC, 90 ±5% RH) por 10 dias. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado (DIC), em esquema fatorial 3x6, sendo 3 embalagens diferentes (bandeja de isopor (15x15x3cm) recoberta com PVC, 14 micras, saquinho de polietileno e copinho de Poliestireno com 500ml de volume) e 6 tempos de armazenamento (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 e 10 dias). As análises realizadas a cada dois dias foram: perda de massa, firmeza, coloração, identificação dos compostos voláteis e avaliação da aparência externa. Independente da embalagem as pimentas mantiveram cor e aroma. A embalagem constituída por bandeja de isopor recoberta por filme PVC determina maior perda de massa e firmeza, sendo, portanto a menos indicada para o armazenamento a 8°C de pimentas de cheiro

Quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf Cultivated in Alternative Substrates According to the Source and Methods of Application of Humic Acids

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acid application methods on an alternative organic substrate in the quality of seedlings of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. The experiment was carried out in a nursery of production of forest seedlings under cover of the dark type with 50% of luminosity retention, located in the municipality of Dianópolis state of Tocantins, in geographical coordinates, 11° 37′ 41″ S of latitude, 46° 49′ 17″ W of longitude, with altitude of 702 meters. The results revealed that the use of the commercial humic acid source applied via foliar promotes a higher quality of seedlings in relation to the alternative source and the absence of application of humic acids

PÊNFIGO NEONATAL EM FILHO DE MÃE COM PÊNFIGO VULGAR: RELATO DE CASO

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar um caso de pênfigo neonatal em paciente que manifestou lesões cutâneas extensas e críticas ao nascimento. Descrição do caso: Recém-nascido do sexo masculino com lesões vesicobolhosas extensas em região anterior do tórax e abdome, desde o nascimento. Admitido na ala pediátrica de um hospital para diagnóstico etiológico e tratamento. Com base na história materna e na avaliação clínica, concluiu tratar-se de pênfigo vulgar neonatal. O paciente apresentou evolução satisfatória, sem a necessidade de intervenção farmacológica. Comentários: Os casos descritos na literatura e as referências avaliadas revelam o pênfigo neonatal como uma doença de ocorrência rara, porém cujo conhecimento e diagnóstico precoce têm grande relevância clínica, considerando-se que geralmente se manifesta com lesões epidérmicas extensas e de aspecto crítico, embora apresente curso clínico transitório e benigno, sem necessidade de tratamento específico e sem relação com doença futura

The Influence Of Mandibular Implant-retained Overdentures In Masticatory Efficiency.

To evaluate the masticatory efficiency of patients rehabilitated with conventional dentures (CDs) or implant-retained mandibular overdentures. Despite the evident benefits of implants on mastication as assessed by subjective patient-based outcomes, the extent of implant overdenture treatment effect on food comminution is not well established. A randomised clinical trial was carried out with 29 completely edentulous patients divided into two groups. The first group was rehabilitated with a mandibular overdenture retained by two splinted implants with bar-clip system, while the second group was rehabilitated with a mandibular CD. Both groups also were rehabilitated with maxillary CDs. Masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were assessed 3 months after denture insertion. Masticatory efficiency was evaluated through the colorimetric method with the beads as the artificial test-food. Comparisons for masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were performed using Student's t-test (α = 0.05). No significant statistical difference was found for masticatory efficiency (p = 0.198). Patient overall satisfaction was significantly higher for the mandibular overdenture (p < 0.001). In addition, mandibular overdenture patients were significantly more satisfied with chewing experience (p < 0.05) and retention of the lower denture (p < 0.005). The results of this study suggest that mandibular overdenture significantly improves chewing experience, although limited effect on masticatory efficiency has been observed.29e650-

The influence of mandibular implant-retained overdentures in masticatory efficiency

Objective: To evaluate the masticatory efficiency of patients rehabilitated with conventional dentures (CDs) or implant-retained mandibular overdentures. Background: Despite the evident benefits of implants on mastication as assessed by subjective patient-based outcomes, the extent of implant overdenture treatment effect on food comminution is not well established. Materials and methods: A randomised clinical trial was carried out with 29 completely edentulous patients divided into two groups. The first group was rehabilitated with a mandibular overdenture retained by two splinted implants with bar-clip system, while the second group was rehabilitated with a mandibular CD. Both groups also were rehabilitated with maxillary CDs. Masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were assessed 3 months after denture insertion. Masticatory efficiency was evaluated through the colorimetric method with the beads as the artificial test-food. Comparisons for masticatory efficiency and patient satisfaction were performed using Student's t-test (alpha = 0.05). Results: No significant statistical difference was found for masticatory efficiency (p = 0.198). Patient overall satisfaction was significantly higher for the mandibular overdenture (p &lt; 0.001). In addition, mandibular overdenture patients were significantly more satisfied with chewing experience (p &lt; 0.05) and retention of the lower denture (p &lt; 0.005). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that mandibular overdenture significantly improves chewing experience, although limited effect on masticatory efficiency has been observed

Evaluation of Complete Denture Quality and Masticatory Efficiency in Denture Wearers

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate (1) the influence of complete denture quality and years of denture use on masticatory efficiency and (2) the relationship between complete denture quality and years of use. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 edentulous patients (mean age: 65.6 years) wearing both mandibular and maxillary dentures. Patients were classified into two categories according to years of denture use: &lt;= 2 years and &gt;= 5 years. Masticatory efficiency was evaluated via the colorimetric method with beads as the artificial test food. A reproducible method for objective evaluation of the technical quality of complete dentures was employed. The association between denture quality and years of denture use was analyzed using chi-square and Fisher exact tests. The results of masticatory efficiency testing were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (with the Tukey post hoc test) in terms of years of denture use &lt;= 2 years, &gt;= 5 years) and denture quality (poor, average, good). Results: A significant relationship was found between denture quality and years of denture use (P &lt; .05). Masticatory efficiency differed significantly (P &lt; .05) between patients with &lt;= 2 years of denture use (0.101 +/- 0.076 absorbance) and &gt;= 5 years of use (0.068 +/- 0.076 absorbance). Masticatory efficiency was not influenced by denture quality. Conclusions: Complete denture quality and masticatory efficiency significantly decreased over time. However, complete denture quality did not influence masticatory efficiency. Int J Prosthodont 2012;25:625-630

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data