Observatoire Scientifique en Appui à la GEstion de la Santé sur un territoire (OSAGE-S)

Dans le contexte « environnement-santé », l’équipe interdisciplinaire (biologistes, médecins, épidémiologistes, modélisateurs, écologues, géographes, informaticiens) qui travaille sur la dynamique de maladies infectieuses dans le Sud-Est asiatique, propose de mettre en commun la connaissance qu’elle a des agents biologiques pathogènes et des processus qui interviennent dans les milieux et les sociétés et de partager expériences de terrain, de laboratoire, clinique pour aborder les questions de recherche, de suivi des maladies et de gestion de la santé. Pour ce faire, l’idée d’une plateforme intégrative a été avancée et nous a permis de décliner la proposition de mise en œuvre d’un Observatoire Scientifique en Appui à la GEstion de la Santé sur un territoire (OSAGE-S). Les prémices de ce travail sont d’une part d’ordre générique et épistémologique : ils explicitent formellement la formule « environnement-santé » pour y positionner le pathosystème, l’environnement et l’observatoire ; d’autre part d’ordre opérationnel par explicitation du concept d’observatoire en appui à la gestion de la Santé. Par la suite nous illustrerons nos propos autour d’OSAGE-S, à partir d’une étude de cas, la maladie du Chikungunya en Indonésie.Within the “Health and Environment” framework, a group of scientists in disciplinary fields as diverse as biology, medical sciences, modelling, ecology, geography, computer sciences, are collaborating to study the dynamics of infectious diseases in Southeast Asia. In this paper they propose to pool their knowledge on biological pathogens, environment and societies and to share their field, laboratory and clinical expertise to address questions on research, disease monitoring and health management. An integrative platform has been suggested and organised in order to implement a Scientific Observatory (OSAGE-S), dedicated to supporting Health Management in a Territory. The first part of this work addresses generic and epistemological questions, formally explicits the formula “Health and Environment” in order to relate it to concepts such as « pathological system », « environment » and « observatory » ; the second part relates to further operational issues for the observatory concept dedicated to the support of Health management. Thereafter we illustrate our proposition with a case study, the Chikungunya disease in Indonesia

Global incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Background: Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-based interventions that enable public health researchers, policy makers, and other professionals to implement strategies that can mitigate diseases. It can also facilitate more rigorous monitoring of progress towards national and international health targets, such as the Sustainable Development Goals. For three decades, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) has filled that need. A global network of collaborators contributed to the production of GBD 2021 by providing, reviewing, and analysing all available data. GBD estimates are updated routinely with additional data and refined analytical methods. GBD 2021 presents, for the first time, estimates of health loss due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The GBD 2021 disease and injury burden analysis estimated years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 371 diseases and injuries using 100 983 data sources. Data were extracted from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, censuses, household surveys, disease-specific registries, health service contact data, and other sources. YLDs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific prevalence of sequelae by their respective disability weights, for each disease and injury. YLLs were calculated by multiplying cause-age-sex-location-year-specific deaths by the standard life expectancy at the age that death occurred. DALYs were calculated by summing YLDs and YLLs. HALE estimates were produced using YLDs per capita and age-specific mortality rates by location, age, sex, year, and cause. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for all final estimates as the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles values of 500 draws. Uncertainty was propagated at each step of the estimation process. Counts and age-standardised rates were calculated globally, for seven super-regions, 21 regions, 204 countries and territories (including 21 countries with subnational locations), and 811 subnational locations, from 1990 to 2021. Here we report data for 2010 to 2021 to highlight trends in disease burden over the past decade and through the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings: Global DALYs increased from 2·63 billion (95% UI 2·44–2·85) in 2010 to 2·88 billion (2·64–3·15) in 2021 for all causes combined. Much of this increase in the number of DALYs was due to population growth and ageing, as indicated by a decrease in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates of 14·2% (95% UI 10·7–17·3) between 2010 and 2019. Notably, however, this decrease in rates reversed during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, with increases in global age-standardised all-cause DALY rates since 2019 of 4·1% (1·8–6·3) in 2020 and 7·2% (4·7–10·0) in 2021. In 2021, COVID-19 was the leading cause of DALYs globally (212·0 million [198·0–234·5] DALYs), followed by ischaemic heart disease (188·3 million [176·7–198·3]), neonatal disorders (186·3 million [162·3–214·9]), and stroke (160·4 million [148·0–171·7]). However, notable health gains were seen among other leading communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional (CMNN) diseases. Globally between 2010 and 2021, the age-standardised DALY rates for HIV/AIDS decreased by 47·8% (43·3–51·7) and for diarrhoeal diseases decreased by 47·0% (39·9–52·9). Non-communicable diseases contributed 1·73 billion (95% UI 1·54–1·94) DALYs in 2021, with a decrease in age-standardised DALY rates since 2010 of 6·4% (95% UI 3·5–9·5). Between 2010 and 2021, among the 25 leading Level 3 causes, age-standardised DALY rates increased most substantially for anxiety disorders (16·7% [14·0–19·8]), depressive disorders (16·4% [11·9–21·3]), and diabetes (14·0% [10·0–17·4]). Age-standardised DALY rates due to injuries decreased globally by 24·0% (20·7–27·2) between 2010 and 2021, although improvements were not uniform across locations, ages, and sexes. Globally, HALE at birth improved slightly, from 61·3 years (58·6–63·6) in 2010 to 62·2 years (59·4–64·7) in 2021. However, despite this overall increase, HALE decreased by 2·2% (1·6–2·9) between 2019 and 2021. Interpretation: Putting the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of causes of health loss is crucial to understanding its impact and ensuring that health funding and policy address needs at both local and global levels through cost-effective and evidence-based interventions. A global epidemiological transition remains underway. Our findings suggest that prioritising non-communicable disease prevention and treatment policies, as well as strengthening health systems, continues to be crucially important. The progress on reducing the burden of CMNN diseases must not stall; although global trends are improving, the burden of CMNN diseases remains unacceptably high. Evidence-based interventions will help save the lives of young children and mothers and improve the overall health and economic conditions of societies across the world. Governments and multilateral organisations should prioritise pandemic preparedness planning alongside efforts to reduce the burden of diseases and injuries that will strain resources in the coming decades. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

L'analgesia nociceptive index en chirurgie bariatrique (une analyse de la consommation de rémifentanil, à posteriori et en double aveugle)

CAEN-BU Médecine pharmacie (141182102) / SudocSudocFranceF

Nonfood grade biopolyols containing high lignin content for rigid PU biofoams

This paper presents the continuation of the development of renewable and non-food grade biopolyols containing lignin for the production for rigid PU foams. The new development of the biopolyos containing high content of lignin and its effect on the opening cell foams will be reported. the foaming ability as well as the characteristic and performance of the obtained biofoams in terms of density, cellular morphology, opening cell content, mechanical properties and thermal conductivity will be presented. The results demonstrate lignin can be used at higher contents in the biopolyol for the production of insulation foam if the modification and formulation are appropriate.NRC publication: Ye

Incident use of proton pump inhibitors in France, 2015

IF 2.314International audienc

Use of proton pump inhibitors in adults in France: a nationwide drug utilization study

International audienceAbstract Purpose Proton pump inhibitor (PPI) drugs are approved for the management of gastric acid–related diseases, mainly treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, treatment of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID)–related gastrointestinal complications and prevention in at-risk patients, Helicobacter pylori eradication, and treatment of ulcers. PPIs are one of the most commonly prescribed drug class worldwide, and off-label use is widespread. The aim of this study was to describe outpatient PPI use of the whole adult population in France, based on the French National Health Data System (SNDS). Methods All individuals aged 18 years or older, with at least one dispensing for PPI between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2015, were identified as PPI users. PPI users were considered as new users if they received no dispensing for PPI in the prior year. New users were followed until treatment discontinuation or up to 1 year, whichever occurred first. Characteristics of new users and of their PPI treatment were described, overall and separately by treatment indication. Results In total, 15,388,419 PPI users were identified in 2015 (57.0% women; mean age 57.0 years), accounting for 29.8% of the French adult population. Of them, 7,399,303 were new PPI users; mean treatment duration was 40.9 days, and 4.1% received a continuous PPI therapy lasting more than 6 months (10.2% among new users > 65 years versus 2.4% among those 18–65 years). For 53.5% of new users, indication for PPI therapy was a co-prescription with NSAID; in this indication, the large majority of patients (79.7%) had no measurable risk factor supporting a systematic prophylactic co-prescription of PPI. A proportion of 32.4% of new users did not have any identified comedication or inpatient diagnosis supporting an indication for PPI therapy; among them, only a small proportion (7.3% overall, and 8.4% of patients aged > 65 years) underwent a procedure investigating the digestive tract at the time of PPI initiation. Conclusion The results of this study suggest PPI overuse in France, not always in line with the French guidelines. In particular, inappropriate co-prescription with NSAID was frequent. Efforts should be made to limit PPI treatment to appropriate indications and durations

Co-Encapsulation of Fisetin and Cisplatin into Liposomes for Glioma Therapy: From Formulation to Cell Evaluation

International audienceBackground: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent cerebral tumor. It almost always relapses and there is no validated treatment for second-line GBM. We proposed the coencapsulation of fisetin and cisplatin into liposomes, aiming to (i) obtain a synergistic effect by combining the antiangiogeniceffect of fisetin with the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin, and (ii) administrate fisetin, highly insoluble in water. The design of a liposomal formulation able to encapsulate, retain and deliver both drugs appeared a challenge. Methods:Liposomes with increasing ratios of cholesterol/DOPC were prepared and characterized in term of size, PDI and stability. The incorporation of fisetinwas explored using DSC. The antiangiogneic and cytotoxic activities of the selected formulation were assayed in vitro. (3) Results: We successfully developed an optimized liposomal formulation incorporating both drugs, composed by DOPC/cholesterol/DODA-GLY-PEG2000 at a molar ratioof 75.3/20.8/3.9, with a diameter of 173 8 nm (PDI = 0.12 0.01) and a fisetin and cisplatin drug loading of 1.7 0.3% and 0.8 0.1%, respectively, with a relative stability over time. The maximum incorporation of fisetin into the bilayer was determined at 3.2% w/w. Then, the antiangiogenic activity of fisetin was maintained after encapsulation. The formulation showed an additive effect of cisplatin and fisetin on GBM cells; (4) Conclusions: The developed co-loaded formulation was able to retain the activity of fisetin, was effective against GBM cells and is promising for further in vivo experimentations

Becoming Animal

Animals really matter for Victorianists: this is the message this collection of essays, gathered in Volume 85 of Cahiers victoriens et édouardiens, conveys as it proves that Animal Studies and Victorian Studies can cross-fertilise each other in often very surprising but successful ways. The contributions are issued from the 2016 SFEVE conference, ‘Becoming Animal with the Victorians’, which was held at the University Paris Diderot on 4-5 February 2016. While the goal of this conference was to encourage participants to embrace the animal while questioning the position of the human, the reference to ‘becoming animal’ hinted at Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s major concept, allowing to consider Victorian animals through notions of identity and subjectivity. Following an introduction presenting the current state of research on animals in Victorian literature and culture, the seven contributions focus on the questions of transformation, evolution, regression and hybridization. They examine how Victorians crossed the borders between species and undermined the existence of a frontier separating the human and the non-human. La question des animaux est centrale pour les Victorianistes. C’est le message que ce recueil d’articles rassemblés dans le volume 85 des Cahiers victoriens et édouardiens cherche à transmettre en montrant que les Animal Studies et les études victoriennes peuvent s'enrichir mutuellement de façon souvent surprenante. Les contributions à cet ouvrage proviennent de communications effectuées lors du congrès annuel de la SFEVE qui s’est tenu à l’université Paris Diderot les 4 et 5 février 2016, sur le thème ‘Becoming Animal with the Victorians’. Si le but de cette conférence était d’encourager les participants à considérer l’animal à partir d’un questionnement sur l’humain, la référence au ‘devenir-animal’ faisait clairement allusion au concept majeur de Gilles Deleuze et Felix Guattari, et invitait à considérer les animaux victoriens sous l’angle de l’identité et de la subjectivité. L’introduction présentant l’état actuel de la recherche sur les animaux dans la littérature et la culture victoriennes est suivie de sept articles qui portent sur les questions de transformation, d’évolution, de régression et d’hybridité. Ces articles analysent la façon dont les Victoriens franchissent les frontières entre les espèces et remettent en cause l’existence d’une limite qui séparerait l’humain du non-humain

Observatoire Scientifique en Appui à la GEstion de la Santé sur un territoire (OSAGE-S)

International audienceWithin the "Health and Environmenl" framework, a group of scientists in disciplinary fields as diverse as biology, medical sciences, model/ing, ecology, geography, computer sciences, are co/laborating to study the dynamics of infectious diseases in Southeast Asia. ln this paper they propose Io pool their knowledge on biological pathogens, environment and societies and to shore their field. laboratory and clinical expertise to address questions on research, disease monitoring and health management. An integrative plotform has been suggested and organised in order to implement a Scientific Observatory (OSAGE-S}, dedicated to supporting Health Management in a Territory. The first part of this work addresses generic and epistemological questions, formai/y explicits the formula "Health and Environment" in order to relate if to concepts such as "pathological system", "environment" and "observatory "; the second part relates to further operational issues for the observatory concept dedicated to the support of Health management. Thereafter we illustrate our proposition with a case study, the Chikungunya disease in lndonesia.Dans le contexte« environnement-santé », l'équipe interdisciplinaire (biologistes, médecins, épidémiologistes, modélisateurs, écologues, géographes, informaticiens) qui travaille sur la dynamique de maladies infectieuses dans le Sud-Est asiatique, propose de mettre en commun la connaissance qu'elle a des agents biologiques pathogènes et des processus qui interviennent dans les milieux et les sociétés et de partager expériences de terrain, de laboratoire, clinique pour aborder les questions de recherche, de suivi des maladies et de gestion de la santé. Pour ce faire, l'idée d 'une plateforme intégrative a été avancée et nous a permis de décliner la proposition de mise en oeuvre d'un Observatoire Scientifique en Appui à la GEstion de la Santé sur un territoire (OSAGE-S). Les prémices de ce travail sont d'une part d'ordre générique et épistémologique : ils explicitent formellement la formule «environnement-santé» pour y positionner le pathosystème, l'environnement et l'observatoire; d 'autre part d'ordre opérationnel par explicitation du concept d'observatoire en appui à la gestion de la Santé. Par la suite nous illustrerons nos propos autour d'OSAGE-S, à partir d'une étude de cas. la maladie du Chikungunya en Indonésie