Design and analysis of a novel low PDP full adder cell

This paper, presents a new full-swing low power high performance full adder circuit in CMOS technology. It benefits from a full swing XOR-XNOR module with no feedback transistors, which decreases delay and power consumption. In addition, high driving capability of COUT module and low PDP design of SUM module contribute to more PDP reduction in cascaded mode. In order to have accurate analysis, the new circuit along with several well-known full adders from literature have been modeled and compared with CADENCE. Comparison consists of power consumption, performance, PDP, and area. Results show that there are improvements in both power consumption and performance. This design trades area with low PDP

The Role and Potential of Interaction in E-Learning

Interaction is widely accepted as essential to learning. The main challenge in distance education is to overcome the transactional distance by providing opportunities for interaction. Understanding the role of interaction in learning and how learning environments can be designed to allow for different forms of interaction is important for effective application of emerging technologies in education. The purpose of this paper is to draw conclusions about the importance of interaction in distant learning. It briefly reviews different types of interaction that have been proposed for distance education and examines the importance of evaluating distance learning environments designed for interactive learning. While we are not able to ascertain which type of interaction is the most important in distance education, it is the aim of this paper to provide more insights into this issue. Keywords: distance education, interaction types, design of interaction-learning

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

A model for length of saturation velocity region in double-gate graphene nanoribbon transistors

Length of saturation region (LVSR) as an important parameter in nanoscale devices, which controls the drain breakdown voltage is in our focus. This paper presents three models for surface potential, surface electric field and LVSR in double-gate Graphene nanoribbon transistors. The Poisson equation is used to derive surface potential, lateral electric field and LVSR. Using the proposed models, the effect of several parameters such as drain-source voltage, oxide thickness, doping concentration and channel length on the LVSR is studied

The Relationship Between Nurses\' Trust In And Identification With Hospital Goals And Their Effort To Improve Continuously In Private Hospitals Of Shiraz

Background and Aim: Based on theories and researches, two variables effective in the continuous improvement of services are trust in and identification with hospital goals. The present study aims to explore the relationship between such variables among nursing staff members in private hospitals of Shiraz. Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional correlation study. Some 340 nurses(58 males and 282 females) were selected using the stratified sampling technique. Three questionnaires for the assessment of identification with hospital goals, measurement of continuous improvement, and determination of trust in hospital were used. The reliability of data collection devices turned out to be 0.70, 0.70 and 0.79, respectively. Besides, the construct validity was confirmed through factor analysis. Data were analyzed inferentially using Pearson's correlation test and hierarchical regression analysis. Results: The findings show that the relationship between identification with hospital goals and trust and nurses' effort to improve continuously is positive and significant. Moreover, the results of hierarchical regression analysis show that after controlling gender, age, experience and education, first identification with hospital goals and then trust in hospital play a significant role in the effort to improve continuously. Conclusion: Nurses' effort to improve continuously is mostly influenced by identification with hospital goals rather than trust in hospital

The relation of social capital and organizational justice with organizational commitment based on structural equation model among female high school teachers in Isfahan in 2011-12

The purpose of this research was to study the relationship of social capital and organizational justice with organizational commitment. The population was all female high school teachers in Isfahan, that among them 358 were selected via clustered random sampling to take part in the study. The questionnaires were distributed and 300 were returned, and return rate was 83 percent. The instruments reliability was affirmed via Chronbach's alpha coefficient (for social capital was 0.79, for organizational justice was 0.90, for organizational commitment was 0.80). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that there was a positive significant relationship between social capital and organizational commitment (p≤0.05). There was also a positive significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment (p≤0.05); also there was a positive and significant relationship between organizational justice and organizational commitment (p≤0.05). The results from structural equation modeling showed that total social capital had a direct effect on total organizational commitment and organizational Justice. Also total organizational justice had a direct effect of 0.30 on total organizational commitment. The indirect effect of organizational Justice on organizational commitment was 0.105. The results showed that the model fitted the data. GFI was equals to 0.9, RMSEA was equals to 0.08 (p>0.05)

Teaching Methods based on Futures Studies Development in Iran Higher Education Curriculum

One of the tasks of a university is student's competencies in different areas, including recognition of the future or futures studies. The growth of Students through improved education during the academic years will be able to futures studies; therefore, it can be argued that one of the critical variables that can affect students' futures growth potential, is the quality of their teaching and learning methods. This study aim is to design teaching methods based on the development of futures studies in higher education which was conducted by using grounded theory by the qualitative research. In this study, 12 experts of curriculum areas and futures studies were interviewed. The full text of responses of interviewees was performed from a recorded version in the coding process, the given comments were divided by software MAXQDA 12 into separate concepts and then familiar concepts set in a separate category, and the component of teaching methods was identified as the major categories of research. In the final model, the barriers, strategies, and consequences had presented for compiling of the teaching methods based on the futures studies development separately and in the framework of the analysis models

Adsorptive removal of Methyl Orange and Reactive Red 198 dyes by <i>Moringa peregrina</i> ash

105-113In the present study, a low-cost adsorbent derived from Moringa peregrina plant has been used for its ability to remove two common textile dyes, namely Methyl Orange (MO) and Reactive Red 198 (RR-198) from aqueous solutions. The effect of various operating parameters such as initial concentration of dye (10-150 mg L-1), contact time (10-150 min), adsorbent dosage (1-13 g L-1) and pH (2-11) is investigated. At an optimum pH of 2, approximately 96% removal of dye (50 mg L-1) is obtained for an adsorbent dose of 7.0 g L-1 after a 70 min contact time. The equilibrium assessment reveals that the Langmuir model is better than Freundlich model for the experimental data. The thermodynamic properties (ΔGº, ΔHº and ΔSº) show that the adsorption of RR-198 and MO dyes onto Moringa peregrina tree shell ash (MPTA) is spontaneous, endothermic and feasible in the temperature range of 293-313 K. Also, the magnitude of enthalpy change indicates that the adsorption is physical in nature. Finally it can be concluded that the MPTA can be used as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of different concentrations of anionic dyes from aqueous solutions