Decision rules, trees and tests for tables with many-valued decisions : comparative study

In this paper, we present three approaches for construction of decision rules for decision tables with many-valued decisions. We construct decision rules directly for rows of decision table, based on paths in decision tree, and based on attributes contained in a test (super-reduct). Experimental results for the data sets taken from UCI Machine Learning Repository, contain comparison of the maximum and the average length of rules for the mentioned approaches

Optimization of approximate inhibitory rules relative to number of misclassifications

In this work, we consider so-called nonredundant inhibitory rules, containing an expression "attribute≠ value" on the right-hand side, for which the number of misclassifications is at most a threshold y. We study a dynamic programming approach for description of the considered set of rules. This approach allows also the optimization of nonredundant inhibitory rules relative to the length and coverage [1, 2]. The aim of this paper is to investigate an additional possibility of optimization relative to the number of misclassifications. The results of experiments with decision tables from the UCI Machine Learning Repository [3] show this additional optimization achieves a fewer misclassifications. Thus, the proposed optimization procedure is promising

Eukaryotic-like Ser/Thr Protein Kinases SpkC/F/K Are Involved in Phosphorylation of GroES in the Cyanobacterium Synechocystis

Serine/threonine protein kinases (STPKs) are the major participants in intracellular signal transduction in eukaryotes, such as yeasts, fungi, plants, and animals. Genome sequences indicate that these kinases are also present in prokaryotes, such as cyanobacteria. However, their roles in signal transduction in prokaryotes remain poorly understood. We have attempted to identify the roles of STPKs in response to heat stress in the prokaryotic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803, which has 12 genes for STPKs. Each gene was individually inactivated to generate a gene-knockout library of STPKs. We applied in vitro Ser/Thr protein phosphorylation and phosphoproteomics and identified the methionyl-tRNA synthetase, large subunit of RuBisCO, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, translation elongation factor Tu, heat-shock protein GrpE, and small chaperonin GroES as the putative targets for Ser/Thr phosphorylation. The expressed and purified GroES was used as an external substrate to screen the protein extracts of the individual mutants for their Ser/Thr kinase activities. The mutants that lack one of the three protein kinases, SpkC, SpkF, and SpkK, were unable to phosphorylate GroES in vitro, suggesting possible interactions between them towards their substrate. Complementation of the mutated SpkC, SpkF, and SpkK leads to the restoration of the ability of cells to phosphorylate the GroES. This suggests that these three STPKs are organized in a sequential order or a cascade and they work one after another to finally phosphorylate the GroES

Development of a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production

Currently, submerged cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain for live anthrax vaccine production requires liquid nutrient media, which have disadvantages of a short shelf life (no more than one month) and a narrow range of storage temperatures (2–8 °С). Dry media, in contrast, have a number of indisputable advantages: such media are transportable and easy to use, have a standard capability to retain properties, and can be stored without preservatives at 2–30 °С for 2–5 years. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production. Materials and methods: The study used the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain and a nutrient medium for its cultivation, containing a 70:30 mixture of an enzymatic digest of casein and a pre-processed corn extract solution. Drying of the nutrient medium was carried out on a spray-drying unit. The authors evaluated physicochemical parameters of experimental medium batches. The shelf life was determined by an accelerated stability study. The dry nutrient medium was used to produce a live anthrax vaccine. Quality attributes of the vaccine were assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Results: The authors developed the dry media production technology. According to it, the liquid nutrient medium is fed to the drying unit at a rate of 20–25 dm3/h. The spray air pressure is 0.02 MPa. Temperatures at the drying chamber inlet and outlet are 118–122 °С and 85–90 °С, respectively. The technology was used to obtain 3 experimental batches of the dry medium. The study results demonstrate that the technology is reproducible, and the tested quality attributes of experimental medium batches are consistent with the requirements. According to the accelerated stability study, the shelf life of the dry nutrient medium at 2–30 °С is at least 3 years. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the dry nutrient medium for live anthrax vaccine production. Critical quality attributes of the vaccine obtained with the medium met regulatory requirements. Conclusions: The developed technology allows for the production of a standard dry nutrient medium with a prolonged shelf life, which is convenient for live anthrax vaccine production

Разработка технологии приготовления сухой питательной среды для производства сибиреязвенной вакцины

Currently, submerged cultivation of the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 strain for live anthrax vaccine production requires liquid nutrient media, which have disadvantages of a short shelf life (no more than one month) and a narrow range of storage temperatures (2–8 °С). Dry media, in contrast, have a number of indisputable advantages: such media are transportable and easy to use, have a standard capability to retain properties, and can be stored without preservatives at 2–30 °С for 2–5 years. The aim of this work was to develop a technology for the preparation of a dry nutrient medium for anthrax vaccine production. Materials and methods: The study used the Bacillus anthracis STI-1 vaccine strain and a nutrient medium for its cultivation, containing a 70:30 mixture of an enzymatic digest of casein and a pre-processed corn extract solution. Drying of the nutrient medium was carried out on a spray-drying unit. The authors evaluated physicochemical parameters of experimental medium batches. The shelf life was determined by an accelerated stability study. The dry nutrient medium was used to produce a live anthrax vaccine. Quality attributes of the vaccine were assessed for compliance with regulatory requirements. Results: The authors developed the dry media production technology. According to it, the liquid nutrient medium is fed to the drying unit at a rate of 20–25 dm3/h. The spray air pressure is 0.02 MPa. Temperatures at the drying chamber inlet and outlet are 118–122 °С and 85–90 °С, respectively. The technology was used to obtain 3 experimental batches of the dry medium. The study results demonstrate that the technology is reproducible, and the tested quality attributes of experimental medium batches are consistent with the requirements. According to the accelerated stability study, the shelf life of the dry nutrient medium at 2–30 °С is at least 3 years. Experiments demonstrated the possibility of using the dry nutrient medium for live anthrax vaccine production. Critical quality attributes of the vaccine obtained with the medium met regulatory requirements. Conclusions: The developed technology allows for the production of a standard dry nutrient medium with a prolonged shelf life, which is convenient for live anthrax vaccine production.В настоящее время при производстве вакцины сибиреязвенной живой для глубинного выращивания штамма Bacillus anthracis СТИ-1 используется жидкая питательная среда, недостатками которой являются малый срок годности — не более одного месяца и узкий диапазон температуры ее хранения: от 2 до 8 °С. Сухие питательные среды (ПС) обладают рядом неоспоримых преимуществ: их можно хранить от 2 до 5 лет при температуре от 2 до 30 °С без консервантов; они транспортабельны, удобны в применении и стандартны в сохранении свойств. Цель работы: разработка технологии приготовления сухой ПС для производства сибиреязвенной вакцины. Материалы и методы: в исследованиях использовали вакцинный штамм B. anthracis СТИ-1 и ПС, состоящую из смеси ферментативного гидролизата казеина и раствора обработанного кукурузного экстракта в соотношении 70 и 30%, для культивирования сибиреязвенного микроба. Обезвоживание ПС осуществляли на установке распылительного типа. Экспериментальные серии сухой ПС оценивали по физико-химическим показателям на соответствие требованиям нормативной документации. Срок годности определяли методом «ускоренного старения». С использованием сухой ПС готовили вакцину сибиреязвенную живую и проводили оценку показателей качества препарата на соответствие требованиям нормативной документации. Результаты: разработана технология приготовления сухой ПС (скорость подачи ПС на сушку от 20 до 25 дм3/ч, давление сжатого воздуха в распылителе 0,02 МПа, температура воздуха на входе в сушильную камеру от 118 до 122 °С, температура воздуха на выходе — от 85 до 90 °С). По этой технологии получены 3 серии экспериментальной сухой ПС. Показано, что разработанная технология воспроизводима, а экспериментальные серии сухой ПС по изученным показателям отвечают предъявляемым требованиям. Срок годности сухой ПС, установленный с использованием метода «ускоренного старения», не менее 3 лет при температуре хранения от 2 до 30 °С. Экспериментально подтверждена возможность использования сухой ПС в технологии производства сибиреязвенной вакцины. Приготовленный препарат по основным показателям качества отвечает требованиям нормативной документации. Выводы: разработанная технология позволяет получить сухую ПС стандартную с увеличенным сроком хранения и удобную при использовании в производстве вакцины сибиреязвенной живой