A new species, new synonymy, and notes on Paravelia Breddin (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Veliidae)

The broad-shouldered water strider Paravelia cunhai sp. nov. is described and illustrated based on material from the state of Pará, northern Brazil. The new species can be distinguished from all other species in this genus mainly by the dark color of the head and pronotum, absence of pruinosity or silvery pubescence on the anterior lobe of pronotum, maculae pattern on the fore wings, hind femur with row of 22 spines on mesal margin, and general shape of the paramere. This new species was collected in a pool inside a cave without incident light, a habitat recorded for the genus only recently, which reinforces the hypothesis that some species of Paravelia have troglophilic habits. In addition, a photograph of the dorsal habitus and notes concerning P. juruana Polhemus & Polhemus are provided, and P. cupariana Polhemus & Polhemus syn. nov. is proposed as a junior synonym of P. spinifera Polhemus & Polhemus

INDICADORES SOCIOECONÔMICOS DOS PAÍSES DO CONTINENTE AMERICANO

Este trabalho objetiva avaliar os indicadores socioeconômicos dos países americanosa partir da análise multivariada. As técnicas utilizadas foram a análise de componentes principais e de cluster. Os resultados obtidos destacam, de um lado, Canadá e Estados Unidos, por apresentarem melhores indicadores e, de outro, Haiti, com o pior escore e precárias condições socioeconômicas. O Brasil assumiu a oitava posição na classificação geral e situou-se em um grupo com países como Uruguai, Chile e Argentina. Quanto às condições do mercado de trabalho, os resultados não foram muito conclusivos, pela ausência de conhecimento das especificidades desses países

Diversidade de besouros aquáticos (Insecta: Coleoptera) em um trecho do Rio Marambaia, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil

Coleoptera é a ordem de insetos mais diversa, incluindo mais de 400 mil espécies popularmente conhecidas como besouros. Pelo menos 13 mil espécies de 37 famílias são consideradas aquáticas, das quais 16 famílias são registradas no Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar o levantamento dos besouros aquáticos ocorrentes em um trecho do Rio Marambaia, Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Um total de 456 espécimes foi obtido na área de estudo, representando os seguintes 12 gêneros e seis famílias: Copelatus, Cybister, Desmopachria, Hydaticus e Rhantus (Dytiscidae); Heterelmis (Elmidae); Gyretes (Gyrinidae); Derallus, Chasmogenus e Tropisternus (Hydrophilidae); Pheneps (Psephenidae); e Iapir (Torridincolidae). Dentre eles, os gêneros Copelatus e Cybister, e as espécies de Hydrophilidae, Chasmogenus fluminensis Clarkson & Ferreira-Jr; Derallus angustus Sharp; Tropisternus apicipalpis Chevrolat; e Tropisternus variolosus Hansen, são aqui registrados pela primeira vez no município de Mangaratiba- RJ. Os registros de Cybister e T. apicipalpis também são os primeiros no Estado do Rio de Janeiro

O uso da posição prona em pacientes com diagnóstico de COVID-19: uma revisão sistemática

Introduction: The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is a disease that can generate a series of complications for the infected patient, which requires from oxygen therapies to intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation in cases that become more critical and evolved from the disease. The physiotherapist works to improve airway responses and together with the team perform positioning maneuvers in the pronation of patients with respiratory failure. Objective: To identify the use of the prone position for patients on mechanical ventilation with COVID-19. Methodology: This is a systematic review, elaborated through the PRISMA protocol, referring to the publications of the last four months on the use of the prone position for patients on mechanical ventilation with COVID-19, through the databases Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct and Springer. Results: Nine articles were selected that met the review criteria. Experts support the use of the prone position in patients with COVID-19. The maneuver, when performed correctly and by appropriate professionals, has several benefits, including the optimization of oxygenation, improving the patient's condition. Conclusion: According to the selected articles, after being submitted to the prone position, patients demonstrated decreased mortality and improved oxygenation.Introducción: El nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 es una enfermedad que puede generar una serie de complicaciones para el paciente infectado, que requiere desde oxigenoterapia hasta intubación y ventilación mecánica invasiva en los casos que se tornan más críticos y evolucionan a partir de la enfermedad. El fisioterapeuta trabaja para mejorar las respuestas de la vía aérea y junto con el equipo realizan maniobras de posicionamiento en la pronación de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria. Objetivo: Identificar el uso de la posición prona en pacientes en ventilación mecánica con COVID-19. Metodología: Se trata de una revisión sistemática, elaborada mediante el protocolo PRISMA, haciendo referencia a las publicaciones de los últimos cuatro meses sobre el uso de la posición prona en pacientes en ventilación mecánica con COVID-19, a través de las bases de datos Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct y Springer. Resultados: Se seleccionaron nueve artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de revisión. Los expertos apoyan el uso de la posición prona en pacientes con COVID-19. La maniobra, realizada correctamente y por los profesionales adecuados, tiene varios beneficios, entre ellos la optimización de la oxigenación, mejorando el estado del paciente. Conclusión: De acuerdo con los artículos seleccionados, después de ser sometidos a decúbito prono, los pacientes demostraron una disminución de la mortalidad y una mejor oxigenación.Introdução: O novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 é uma doença que pode gerar uma série de complicações ao paciente infectado, o que requer desde terapias de oxigênio até intubação e ventilação mecânica invasiva nos casos que se tornam mais críticos e evoluídos da doença. O fisioterapeuta atua na melhora das respostas das vias aéreas e juntamente com a equipe realizam manobras de posicionamento em pronação dos pacientes com insuficiência respiratória. Objetivo: Identificar a utilização da posição prona para pacientes em ventilação mecânica com COVID-19. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática, elaborada através do protocolo PRISMA, referente às publicações dos últimos quatro meses sobre o uso da posição prona para pacientes em ventilação mecânica com COVID-19, através das bases de dados Medline, PubMed, Scielo, Science Direct e Springer. Resultados: Foram selecionados nove artigos que atenderam aos critérios da revisão. Especialistas apoiam a utilização da posição prona em pacientes com COVID-19. A manobra, quando realizada corretamente e por profissionais adequados, apresenta diversos benefícios, dentre eles, a otimização da oxigenação, melhorando o quadro do paciente. Conclusão: Segundo os artigos selecionados, após serem submetidos à posição prona, os pacientes demonstraram diminuição da mortalidade e melhora da oxigenação. Palavras-chave: Coronavírus. Fisioterapia. Decúbito Ventral

Semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from Parque Natural Municipal das Andorinhas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais state, Brazil

We present a survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Insecta, Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Gerromorpha) from Parque Natural Municipal das Andorinhas, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais State, southeastern Brazil. Thirteen species are recorded from the area based on regular collection events, namely Brachymetra albinervus (Amyot & Serville, 1843); Cylindrostethus palmaris Drake & Harris, 1934; Halobatopsis delectus Drake & Harris, 1941; Ha. platensis (Berg, 1879); Metrobates plaumanni genikos Nieser, 1993; Neogerris kontos Nieser, 1994 (Gerridae); Hydrometra fruhstorferi Hungerford & Evans, 1934 (Hydrometridae); Platyvelia brachialis (Stål, 1860); Rhagovelia macta Drake & Carvalho, 1955; R. robusta Gould, 1931; R. sbolos Nieser & Melo, 1997; R. triangula Drake, 1953; and R. trianguloides Nieser & Melo, 1997 (Veliidae)

Breastfeeding practices, consumption of ultra-processed foods in complementary feeding and associated factors in premature children

Breastfeeding and a suitable eating plan in the first years of life are crucial for the development of premature children. Early exposure to ultra-processed foods (UPF) can lead to an increased risk of chronic diseases. To analyze premature infants for breastfeeding practices, intake of ultra-processed foods, their health risks and other associated factors. Data on diet and sociodemographic variables were investigated using questionnaires. We used anthropometric assessment according to WHO growth curves and laboratory tests to analyze the lipid profile. From the whole sample, 51% never received exclusive breastfeeding, or received it for less than a single month; 29% received between four and six months; in 84% another food was introduced before six months. After the stratification of consumption between “none/one type” and “more than one type” of UPF, the variables “child's age” and “family history of overweight/obesity” were positively associated. After bivariate and multivariate analyzes, a greater diversity of UPF intake was associated with family income <2 minimum wages and employed mothers. Premature infants are at risk of early weaning and use of AUP before even six months of corrected age

Lifelong exposure to a low-dose of the glyphosate-based herbicide RoundUp® causes intestinal damage, gut dysbiosis, and behavioral changes in mice

RoundUp® (RUp) is a comercial formulation containing glyphosate (N-(phosphono-methyl) glycine), and is the world’s leading wide-spectrum herbicide used in agriculture. Supporters of the broad use of glyphosate-based herbicides (GBH) claim they are innocuous to humans, since the active compound acts on the inhibition of enzymes which are absent in human cells. However, the neurotoxic effects of GBH have already been shown in many animal models. Further, these formulations were shown to disrupt the microbiome of different species. Here, we investigated the effects of a lifelong exposure to low doses of the GBH-RUp on the gut environment, including morphological and microbiome changes. We also aimed to determine whether exposure to GBH-RUp could harm the developing brain and lead to behavioral changes in adult mice. To this end, animals were exposed to GBH-RUp in drinking water from pregnancy to adulthood. GBH-RUp-exposed mice had no changes in cognitive function, but developed impaired social behavior and increased repetitive behavior. GBH-Rup-exposed mice also showed an activation of phagocytic cells (Iba-1–positive) in the cortical brain tissue. GBH-RUp exposure caused increased mucus production and the infiltration of plama cells (CD138-positive), with a reduction in phagocytic cells. Long-term exposure to GBH-RUp also induced changes in intestinal integrity, as demonstrated by the altered expression of tight junction effector proteins (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and a change in the distribution of syndecan-1 proteoglycan. The herbicide also led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, which is also crucial for the establishment of the intestinal barrier. Altogether, our findings suggest that long-term GBH-RUp exposure leads to morphological and functional changes in the gut, which correlate with behavioral changes that are similar to those observed in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders

Quercetin action on pain modulation/ Ação da quercetina sobre a modulação da dor

Background: Quercetin is a flavonoid widely found in plant kingdom and target of studies in pharmacological area due to its potent antinociceptive effect compared to analgesics used in conventional therapies. The aim was to evaluate its antinociceptive activity and antinociception mechanism. Methods: For this, 40 Norvegicus Wistar rats were used, divided into 4 groups: Q50 (treated with quercetin 50 mg/Kg), Q100 (treated with quercetin 100 mg/Kg), Q500 (treated with quercetin 500 mg/Kg) and Positive control (PC) without quercetin treatment), who were submitted through the pain induction methods by tail immersion and formalin in the first step to assess antinociceptive action and in the second step, tail immersion method receiving antagonists from opioid, cholinergic and nitric oxide - L-arginine to evaluate the action mechanism. Results: Quercetin antinociceptive activity was verified at the dose of 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg in tail immersion test after formalin injection, with better performance at the dose of 50 mg/kg. There were no statistically significant results in paw opening and capsaicin tests. Quercetin demonstrated a possible influence on opioid and cholinergic pathway, which was not observed on the nitric acid - L-arginine pathway in view of parameters tested. Conclusion: Quercetin performed the best antinociceptive activity at a dose 50 mg/kg and there was a possible influence on opioid and cholinergic pathways

Pain neuromodulation exerted by Ruta graveolens aqueous extract in experimental models of nociception/ Neuromodulação da dor exercida pela Ruta graveolens extrato aquoso em modelos experimentais de nocicepção

Introduction: The use of medicinal plants for therapeutic purposes has been common practice since antiquity. Ruta graveolens L., commonly known as rue, has been shown to have antiparasitic, antioxidant, antibacterial and allelopathic activity. Objective: The objective was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of rue, as well as the mechanisms behind this effect. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 40 male Norvegicus (Wistar) rats, randomly divided into a positive control and three treatment groups administered Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract at the following doses: 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg or 500 mg/kg, p.o. The experimental models of nociception used in this study to assess effectiveness of the treatments were the formalin and capsaicin tests. Five days prior to nociceptive challenges, the tail immersion assay was conducted to determine baseline pain threshold. Results: Antinociceptive activity was observed at Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract concentrations of 50 mg/kg and 100mg/kg. 500 mg/kg induced pro-nociceptive activity with activation of the L-arginine-oxide-nitric system. Conclusion: These results suggest Ruta graveolens L. aqueous extract antinociceptive activity, and possible antagonism towards receptor