Opuntia ficus-indica (Nopal Extract) as Green Inhibitor for Corrosion Protection in Industrial Steels

Soluble extract from Opuntia ficus-indica (Nopal extract) has been proposed in this chapter as a green inhibitor due to its component called mucilage, which has the ability to retain water; for this reason, it has been used as metal corrosion protection in machinery pieces, tools and other metallic components that need to be stored for short periods. In this way, three industrial carbon steels (AISI 1018, 1045 and 4140) have been exposed in sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to evaluate the corrosion behavior with or without Nopal extract (NE). Some electrochemical techniques have been implemented to evaluate the corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) such as DC linear polarization resistance (LPR) and AC electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results indicated a considerable superficial modification of steel in terms of dielectric constant and ion charge capacity. When the NE was added, the corrosion mechanism changed from localized to general attack, decreasing the corrosion rate in all cases. More susceptibility to fail by corrosion was observed in the 1045 carbon steel in comparison with the other two studied steels; these results were confirmed by the percentage of inhibitor’s efficiency of about 95%

Bibliometric analysis of academic output in music education in Spain

The aim of this work is to analyse trends in music education research from Spain through bibliometric analysis of the academic output in the Web of Science database, comprising 143 articles published between 2000 and 2015. Several types of variable were analysed: a) structural variables; b) variables relating to the topic being studied; c) variables relating to the sample; and d) variables relating to the research methods and instruments used. The results show increased representation of music education in specialised journals and broad dissemination in journals from related areas. The data indicate that both the number of articles published on music education and their impact are still limited when compared with other related areas. Measures are proposed to achieve a greater impact of the publications on the career development of their authors and to give the discipline a higher profile.Este trabajo tiene por objeto analizar las tendencias de la investigación realizada en España en Educación Musical a través de los 143 artículos publicados entre los años 2000 al 2015, a través de un análisis bibliométrico de la producción científica en la base de datos Web of Science. Se analizaron diferentes tipos de variables: a) estructurales; b) relacionadas con la temática; c) relacionadas con la muestra; y d) relacionadas con los métodos e instrumentos de investigación utilizados. Los resultados muestran un incremento en presencia en las revistas especializadas de Educación Musical y una amplia dispersión en revistas de áreas afines. Nuestros datos indican que tanto el número de artículos publicados en Educación Musical como el impacto de estos siguen siendo escasos si se compara con otras áreas afines. Se proponen medidas para conseguir un mayor impacto de las publicaciones en el desarrollo profesional de los autores y para una mayor visibilidad de la disciplina

Restitution judges: A starting point for an agrarian jurisdiction as a guarantee of non-repetition in Colombia

The Colombian government and the main guerrilla, the farc, signed a peace agreement in November 2016. The establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction is one of the settlements they have reached. This article evaluates the already existing capacities the Colombian state has developed, based on an analysis of the ongoing land restitution process. Based on an analysis of some judicial decisions taken in the context of this process, and on three in-depth interviews with judicial operators involved in it, the article makes two main findings: the procedural innovations of the land restitution process and the application of the constitutional precept of the effective enjoyment of rights guarantee the effective access to justice for rural populations and to the social rights aimed at protecting and stabilising their property rights. For these reasons, these features will prove to be useful in the establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction in Colombia that will represent a guarantee of non-repetition. © 2017 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands

Do You See What I See? Effectiveness of 360-Degree vs. 2D Video Ads Using a Neuroscience Approach

[EN] This study compares cognitive and emotional responses to 360-degree vs. static (2D) videos in terms of visual attention, brand recognition, engagement of the prefrontal cortex, and emotions. Hypotheses are proposed based on the interactivity literature, cognitive overload, advertising response model and motivation, opportunity, and ability theoretical frameworks, and tested using neurophysiological tools: electroencephalography, eye-tracking, electrodermal activity, and facial coding. The results revealed that gaze view depends on ad content, visual attention paid being lower in 360-degree FMCG ads than in 2D ads. Brand logo recognition is lower in 360-degree ads than in 2D video ads. Overall, 360-degree ads for durable products increase positive emotions, which carries the risk of non-exposure to some of the ad content. In testing four ads for durable goods and fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) this research explains the mechanism through which 360-degree video ads outperform standard versionsThis work was supported by the Generalitat Valenciana funded project "Rebrand", grant number PROMETEU/2019/105, and by the European Regional Development Fund program of the Valencian Community 2014-2020 project "Interfaces de realidad mixta aplicada a salud y toma de decisiones", grant number IDIFEDER/2018/029.Ausin-Azofra, JM.; Bigné, E.; Ruiz, C.; Marín-Morales, J.; Guixeres Provinciale, J.; Alcañiz Raya, ML. (2021). Do You See What I See? Effectiveness of 360-Degree vs. 2D Video Ads Using a Neuroscience Approach. Frontiers in Psychology. 12:1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.612717S1141

Efectividad del Plasma Rico en Fibrina en Extracciones de Terceros Molares. Revisión Sistemática y Reporte de Caso

El plasma rico en fibrina (PRF) es un material autólogo obtenido de la centrifugación sanguínea, considerado como coadyuvante en la regeneración celular de tejidos blandos y óseos. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la efectividad del plasma rico en fibrina en extracciones de terceros molares y reportar un caso clínico. De la revisión hecha en los portales de Scielo, PubMed y ScienceDirect, el 75% concluye que el PRF mejoró y/o aceleró el proceso de cicatrización de los tejidos, disminuyó el dolor en la recuperación y la incidencia de infecciones. En el reporte de caso se observó que al comparar la recuperación entre el lado que se le aplicó plasma y el lado al que no se le aplicó; se pudo constatar que: no hubo diferencias en cuanto a la inflamación extra oral, sin embargo, la cicatrización de tejidos blandos y la regeneración ósea fueron satisfactoriamente superiores al lado que se le aplicó PRF. A partir de los resultados encontrados, se concluye que la aplicación del plasma rico en fibrina provee ventajas potenciales en el postquirúrgico de las cirugías de terceras molare

Validación de la determinación de picloram y ácido2,4-diclorofenoxiácetico en muestras ambientales de suelos por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución

Se desarrolló y validó una metodología por CLAR que permitió llevar a cabo la determinación de 2,4-D y picloram en muestras de suelo. Los resultados muestran que el método desarrollado es adecuado para los fines previstos ya que cumplen con los criterios de aceptación establecidos. La extracción sólido-líquido asistida por ultrasonido mostro ser eficiente, los parámetros de desempeño obtenidos cumplen con los criterios de aceptación y durante el análisis cromatográfico no se detectaron interferencias provenientes de la matriz. Al aplicar el método muestras ambientales no se encontró evidencia de la presencia de 2,4-D ni de picloram, sin embargo, debe tomarse en cuenta que son compuestos tóxicos y que un inadecuado manejo y una exposición elevada a estos compuestos, puede generar efectos dañinos a la salud.It was developed and validated a HPLC methodology that allowed the determination of 2.4-D and Picloram in soil samples. The results show that the developed method is suitable for the intended purposes as they meet the established acceptance criteria. The solid-fluid extraction assisted by ultrasound showed to be efficient, the performance parameters obtained comply with the criteria of acceptance and during the chromatographic analysis no interferences were detected from the matrix. When applying the environmental samples method, no evidence was found of the presence of 2.4-D or Picloram, however it should be taken into account that they are toxic compounds and that inadequate management and exposure to these compounds can cause harmful health effects

La mirada de los jóvenes españoles hacia el activismo online: ventajas, escepticismos y causas apoyadas

Los nuevos procesos de comunicación pública entre los jóvenes han facilitado una nueva forma de entender la participación ciudadana colectiva: la llamada e participación. No se ha publicado e investigado lo suficiente sobre este fenómeno que supone una nueva perspectiva de entender estos procesos sociales. Este estudio muestra opiniones de los jóvenes sobre la participación online y aporta las posibles ventajas e inconvenientes de esta vía de participación, así como se señalan las principales causas apoyadas y las plataformas más conocidas y utilizadas. Se analiza hasta qué punto el activismo online de los jóvenes es un activismo proactivo o no. Se trata de un trabajo exploratorio que apunta nuevas vías de investigación sobre una tendencia comunicativa y participativa que en el actual contexto de comunicación global se verá potenciada y justificada en años venideros. Se utilizan datos primarios en metodología mixta. Se recogen datos mediante una encuesta original (N=463) y se emplean grupos de discusión, buscando una triangulación metodológica en jóvenes entre 18 y 22 años. Los resultados muestran cómo el activismo online está arraigado entre los jóvenes estudiados y que lo ven como una forma complementaria a las vías tradicionales, y no como una alternativa. Además, destacan sobre todo el seguimiento de causas sociopolíticas y medioambientales como los grandes ejes en este tipo de e-participación frente a causas de carácter más tradicional

Validación de un método para la determinación de glifosato, AMPA y glufosinato en suelos por CLAR con derivatización pre-columna

Se desarrolló y validó una metodología que permitió llevar a cabo la determinación de glifosato, AMPA y glufosinato en muestras de suelo. Los resultados muestran que el método desarrollado es adecuado para los fines previstos ya que cumplen con los criterios de aceptación establecidos. El análisis de estos plaguicidas se realizó por CLAR detector UV, previa derivatización con FMOC-Cl (cloruro de 9-fluoroenilmetil cloroformato) en buffer boratos, se modificó el procedimiento de derivatización con la finalidad de optimizar la metodología. El análisis en suelo se realizó previa extracción sólido-líquido asistida con ultrasonido. Durante el análisis cromatográfico no se detectaron interferencias provenientes de la matriz. Al aplicar el método a muestras ambientales se encontró evidencia de la presencia de glufosinato. No se detectó glifosato sin embargo se detectó el ácido aminometil fosfónico (AMPA) que es uno de los productos de degradación del glifosato en concentraciones de hasta 108.26 mg/Kg.It developed and validated a methodology that allowed to carry out the determination of glyphosate, AMPA and gluphosinate in soil samples. The results show that the developed method is suitable for the intended purposes as they meet the established acceptance criteria. The analysis of these pesticides was carried out by HPLC detection UV, previous derivatization with FMOC-Cl (Fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl chloride) in buffer borates, modified the procedure of derivatization in order to optimize the methodology. The soil analysis was performed prior to solid-liquid extraction assisted with ultrasound. No interference from the matrix was detected during the chromatographic analysis. When applying the method to environmental samples, evidence was found of the presence of glufosinate. Glyphosate was not detected however aminometilfosfónico acid (AMPA) was detected which is one of the degradation products of glyphosate in concentrations of up to 108.26 mg/kg

+Digital citizenship: youth activism on e-petitions platforms

Este trabajo aborda el tema de la participación solidaria de la juventud a través de la firma de e-peticiones en plataformas online. A partir de un cuestionario de elaboración propia a 463 estudiantes universitarios de ambos sexos, se ha tratado de ver si la firma de e-peticiones es una práctica generalizada o no entre las/os jóvenes, cuáles son las motivaciones a la hora de firmar y si se trata de un comportamiento de clickactivismo o hay una implicación más comprometida. Los resultados muestran que la firma de e-peticiones es una forma de participación social bastante extendida, sin diferencias en cuanto a género, aunque las/os jóvenes no se identifican plenamente con ella. Se muestran idealistas y altruistas a la hora de firmar, aunque desconfían de que tenga mucha repercusión social y sirva para cambiar la realidad. La proximidad psicológica y emocional de las causas que firman es lo que les motiva a apoyar unas causas u otras. El perfil de estos/as jóvenes que firman e-peticiones se caracteriza por una autopercepción de personas más comprometidas socialmente que los que no suelen firmar, con un posicionamiento ideológico algo más a la izquierda y por canalizar su activismo social principalmente a través de la Red.This work addresses the issue of youth solidarity participation through the signing of e-petitions on online platforms. From a questionnaire of own elaboration to 463 university students of both sexes, it has been tried to prove if the signing of e-petitions is a generalized practice or not among young people, what are the motivations when they sign the e-petitions and if it is a clickactivism behavior or there is a more committed involvement. The results show that e-petition signing is a widespread form of social participation, with no gender differences, although young people do not fully identify with it. They are idealistic and altruistic when they sign, although they doubt that it has a lot of social repercussion and serves to change the world. The psychological and emotional proximity of the causes they sign is what motivates them to support some causes or others. The profile of these young people who sign e-petitions is characterized by a self-perception of more socially committed than those who do not usually sign, with a more left-wing ideological tendency and for exhibiting their social activism mainly through the Internet.Unidad Deptal. de Sociología: Metodología y TeoríaFac. de Ciencias de la InformaciónTRUEpu

Amending the anisotropy barrier and luminescence behavior of heterometallic trinuclear linear M-II-Ln(III)-M-II (Ln(III)=Gd, Tb, Dy; M-II=Mg/Zn) complexes by change from divalent paramagnetic to diamagnetic metal ions

The sequential reaction of a multisite coordinating compartmental ligand LH4 [2-(2-hydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-5-methylbenzylideneamino)-2-methylpropane-1,3-diol] with appropriate lanthanide salts followed by the addition of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O or Zn(NO3)2·6H2O in a 4:1:2 stoichiometric ratio in the presence of triethylamine affords a series of isostructural heterometallic trinuclear complexes containing [Mg2Ln]3+ [Ln = Dy (1), Gd (2) and Tb (3)] and [Zn2Ln]3+ [Ln = Dy (4), Gd (5) and Tb (6)] cores. The formation of 1-6 is demonstrated by X-ray crystallography as well as ESI-MS spectra. All complexes are isostructural possessing a linear trimetallic core with a central lanthanide ion. In this article we have discussed the comprehensive studies, involving synthesis, structure, magnetism and photophysical properties on this family of trinuclear [Mg2Ln]3+ and [Zn2Ln]3+ heterometallic complexes. Complexes 1 and 4 show slow relaxation of the magnetization below 12 K under zero applied direct-current field, but without reaching a neat maximum which is due to the overlapping with a faster quantum tunnelling relaxation mediated through dipole-dipole and hyperfine interactions. Under a small applied direct-current field of 1000 Oe the quantum tunneling was almost suppressed and temperature and frequency dependent peaks were observed, thus confirming the SMM behavior of complexes 1 and 4. The fit of the high-temperature relaxation times to the Arrhenius equation affords an effective energy barrier for the reversal of the magnetization of Ueff =72(2) K with o = 8 x 10-9 s for the SR process and Ueff = 61(2) K with o = 4 x 10-7 s for the FR process for 1 whereas for 4, an effective energy barrier for the reversal of the magnetization Ueff = 67(3) K with o = 4.5 x 10-8 s. To rule out the involvement of intermolecular collaborative interactions in the dynamic of relaxation, we have performed ac susceptibility measurements on 1:10 Dy:Y magnetic diluted samples of of 1 and 4, named as 1' and 4'. Interestingly, the diluted compounds 1' and 4' exhibits SMM behavior under zero magnetic field, thus suggesting that their relaxation processes are single molecular in origin and arise from the M-Dy-M unit. Ab initio CASSCF+RASSI calculations carried out on 1 and 4 confirm that the magnetic anisotropy is axial along the M-Dy-M axis and that the relaxation process occurs through the first excited energy level. Furthermore, the chromophoric [LH3]2- ligand is able to act as an 'antenna' group which was found to be effective in the selective sensitization of the emissions of TbIII-based complexes 3 and 6. The emission quantum yields and the luminescence lifetimes at room temperature are 11.7 % and 0.606 ms for 3, 22.7 % and 0.799 ms for 6