Considerações Paleoambientais do Holoceno Médio por Meio de Fitólitos na Serra do Cadeado, Paraná

A pesquisa analisou um testemunho sedimentar de 130 cm de profundidade contendo cerca de 30 cm de material turfoso em seu topo, obtido em uma lagoa sem nome situada no Morro da Pedra Branca no município de Ortigueira no estado do Paraná. Foram recuperados (via queima ácida), identificados e quantificados (em três transectos/ três lâminas analisadas em microscópio óptico com aumento de 40x) os fitólitos presentes no sedimento turfoso, totalizando 13 amostras, bem como se realizou uma datação 14C a 30 cm de profundidade (5.372 anos cal. AP). Também foram calculados índices fitolíticos de Densidade de Cobertura Arbórea, Estresse Hídrico e de Umidade. Os resultados mostraram que a lagoa teve taxa de sedimentação lenta (~1 cm/179 anos). Os morfotipos mais encontrados foram os característicos da família Poaceae (Rondel, Saddle, Bilobate), inferindo uma vegetação predominantemente campestre, com ausência da família Arecaceae (palmeiras), alta produtora de fitólitos do morfotipo Globular echinate. As assembleias fitolíticas encontradas na área indicam condições mais secas no Holoceno Médio, passando para condições climáticas mais úmidas na atualidade. As interpretações corroboram outros estudos paleoambientais já realizados para o estado do Paraná e Mato Grosso do Sul, nos quais a existência de um período mais seco no Holoceno Médio é evidenciada.This study analyzed a sedimentary core of 130 cm depth containing about 30 cm of peaty bulk at its top, obtained from an unnamed pond located at Morro da Pedra Branca, in the municipality of Ortigueira, Paraná. The phytoliths present in the peaty sediment were identified and quantified. Three transects on three different microscopy slides were analyzed using an optical microscope with 40x zoom in each sample, totaling 13 samples.  At 30 cm depth, the sedimentary bulk was dated at 5,372 years cal. BP using 14C.. The following phytolith indexes were calculated: Tree Cover Density, Water Stress and Humidity. The results enabled us to conclude that the pond had a slow sedimentation rate (~ 1 cm/179 years). The most frequent morphotypes were from the Poaceae family (Rondel, Saddle, Bilobate), inferring predominantly grassland vegetation, with absence of the Arecaceae family (palm trees), a high producer of phytoliths of the Globular echinate morphotype. The phytolith assemblages found in the area indicate drier conditions in the Middle Holocene, moving toward to more humid climate conditions today. The interpretations corroborate other paleoenvironmental studies already carried out in the states of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, where the existence of a drier period in the Middle Holocene has been demonstrated

Incidência da Depressão após a pandemia no Brasil

Introdução: Após a identificação inicial em dezembro de 2019 na cidade de Wuhan, província de Hubei localizada na China Central, o Vírus intitulado como SARS-CoV-2 desencadeou a COVID-19, a qual rapidamente se espalhou pelo mundo. Objetivo: Identificar a incidência de depressão após o período pandêmico. Método: Revisão bibliográfica da literatura realizada em janeiro de 2023 nas bases de dados BVS, MEDLINE, LILACS e BDENF através dos seguintes DeCS: “COVID-19”, “Saúde Mental”, “Qualidade de vida” combinados entre si pelo operador booleano AND. Foram encontrados 55 estudos e após aplicar os critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 8 estudos para compor a revisão. Utilizou-se como pergunta norteadora: “Houve um aumento na incidência da depressão após o período pandêmico?” Resultados: O advento da pandemia da COVID-19 ocasionou um impacto significativo no que tange a saúde mental da população. As pesquisas demonstram que a saúde mental foi impactada pelos distúrbios no sono, econômicos e por meio do desenvolvimento de patologias como a depressão. O grupo mais atingido por essas alterações significativas no estilo de vida comum foram os jovens. Nota-se comumente que essa piora na saúde mental esteve relacionada com os desafios da adesão às recomendações de saúde comportamentais. Conclusão: Compreende-se a partir dos fatores mencionados que os sintomas depressivos e os hábitos comportamentais estão relacionados, os quais foram desencadeados pelas medidas e restrições adotadas durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Observou-se ao longo desse estudo que o comportamento sexual e a autopercepção dos indivíduos também sofreram alterações

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DAS MORFOLOGIAS DE FITÓLITOS DE Butia microspadix BURRET (ARECACEAE)

Phytoliths are micrometric bodies of opal, which was deposited between the cells of plant tissues in some species of the Plantae Kingdom. These precipitations are more abundant in the family Poaceae, but it’s significant in other plant families, as Arecaceae, for example. The morphological description of the phytoliths Butia microspadix Burret’s (Butiazinho-do-campo) is important to aid in paleoenvironmental reconstructions of Campos Gerais, Paraná, Brasil. Globular echinate was the predominant morphology , with about 99% of observations. The measurement of the morphology diameters indicated variation, however, the mean of these values was about 5.5 μm, for all structures analyzed.Fitólitos são corpos micrométricos de opala, depositados entre as células dos tecidos vegetais de algumas espécies do Reino Plantae. Estas precipitações são mais abundantes na família Poaceae,sendo, no entanto, expressivas em outras famílias botânicas, como as Arecaceae, por exemplo. A descrição morfológica dos fitólitos de Butia microspadix Burret (butiazinho-do-campo), faz-se importante no auxilio à reconstrução paleoambiental da Estepe Gramíneo-lenhosa (Cerrado) dos Campos Gerais, no Estado do Paraná, Brasil. O fitólito Globular echinate foi a morfologia predominante, com aproximadamente 99% de observações. Mediram-se os diâmetros desta morfologia, encontrando uma média de 5,5 μm para todas as estruturas analisadas

ANÁLISE DO CONHECIMENTO DE PROFISSIONAIS DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR DA UNIDADE DE SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA SOBRE O CÂNCER BUCAL

Aim: To analyze the knowledge of dentists, doctors and nurses from the Family Health Units of Anápolis-GO, regarding oral cancer. Methods: Quantitative study with doctors, nurses and dentists from family health teams in the city of Anápolis-GO. Data collection took place through the Google Forms application. Data were collected on the demographic profile, knowledge about prevention, diagnosis and treatment, and attitudes and practices regarding the topic. Data were collected between 11/2020 and 02/2021, tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics, using the IBM SPSS 22.0 software. Results: Response rate of 11.6% (N = 25), 80% female, mean age of 36.4 years (SD = 12.0), graduation time between zero and 34 years. 60% (n = 15) consider their level of knowledge about oral cancer to be excellent or good. As for the highest prevalence, 80% (n = 20) mentioned the male gender, aged over 40 years 76% (n = 19) and 40% (n = 10) answered that squamous cell carcinoma is the most prevalent neoplasm in the mouth. 20% (n = 5) of the participants answered that they did not know about the most prevalent clinical characteristics compatible with the hypothesis of oral cancer and the majority 76% (n = 19) did not feel able to perform a biopsy. Most of the participants 88% (n = 22) expressed the desire to participate in an update course on the topic. Conclusions: Professionals know about mouth cancer although they feel insecure in face of some specificities and express a desire for training on the subject.Objetivo: Analisar o conhecimento dos cirurgiões-dentistas, médicos e enfermeiros das Unidades de Saúde da Família de Anápolis-GO, a respeito do câncer bucal. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo com médicos, enfermeiros e cirurgiões-dentistas das equipes de saúde da família do município de Anápolis-GO. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio do aplicativo Google Forms. Foram coletados dados sobre o perfil demográfico, conhecimento sobre prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento e atitudes e práticas frente ao tema. Os dados foram coletados entre 11/2020 e 02/2021, tabulados e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva, utilizando-se o programa IBM SPSS 22,0. Parecer CEP UniEVANGÉLICA número 3.848.550. Resultados: Taxa de resposta de 11,6% (N=25), 80% sexo feminino, idade média de 36,4 anos (DP=12,0), tempo de graduação entre zero e 34 anos. 60% (n=15) consideram seu nível de conhecimento sobre o câncer bucal como ótimo ou bom. Quanto a maior prevalência 80% (n=20) citou o sexo masculino, com idade acima de 40 anos 76% (n=19) e 40% (n=10) respondeu que o carcinoma de células escamosas é a neoplasia mais prevalente na boca. 20% (n=5) dos participantes responderam não saber sobre as características clínicas mais prevalentes compatíveis com a hipótese de câncer de boca e a maioria 76% (n=19) não se sente capacitado para realizar uma biópsia. Grande parte dos participantes 88% (n=22) expressou a vontade de participar de algum curso de atualização sobre o tema. Conclusões: Os profissionais relatam conhecimento sobre o câncer de boca embora se sintam inseguros diante de algumas especificidades, e expressam vontade de capacitação sobre o tema

ATLANTIC ANTS: a data set of ants in Atlantic Forests of South America

International audienc

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data