A mathematical model for the study of interstitial fluid movement vis-a-vis the non-newtonian behaviour of blood in a constricted artery

AbstractA mathematical model is developed with an aim to study the transport of interstitial fluid in the wall of a constricted artery by taking into account the microrotation of the erythrocytes of blood. The movement of the interstitial fluid has been described by the Debye-Brinkman equation. Exact solutions are obtained for the displacement of the solid matrix of the porous interstitial space, the velocity of the interstitial fluid movement, and the pressure distribution in the constricted arterial segment, for large and small consolidation times. Expression for the wall shear stress is also obtained for the constricted segment of the artery. Theoretical estimates of the distributions of the axial velocity of blood in the stenosed zone, rotational velocity of the erythrocytes, wall shear stress, and wall displacement, as well as the pressure and velocity profiles for the interstitial fluid movement, have been presented in the form of graphs

Peristaltic transport of a particle-fluid suspension in a cylindrical tube

AbstractPeristaltic pumping induced by a sinusoidal travelling wave of moderate amplitude is analysed in the axisymmetrical case for a viscous incompressible and Newtonian fluid mixed with rigid spherical particles which are of identical size. A perturbation method has been employed to find the solution of the problem, choosing the amplitude ratio (i.e., wave amplitude/tube radius) as a parameter. The analysis has been carried out by duly accounting for the nonlinear convective acceleration terms, and the nonslip condition for the fluid part on the wavy wall. The governing equations are developed up to the second order of the amplitude ratio. The zeroth order terms yield the Poiseuille flow and the first order terms give the Orr-Sommerfeld equation. In the absence of the pressure gradient and the wall motion, the mean flows (for the fluid and the solid particles) and the mean pressure gradient (averaged over time) are all found to be proportional to the square of the amplitude ratio. Numerical results are obtained for this simple case by approximating complicated groups of the products of Bessel functions by polynomials. It is observed that a reversal of flow occurs when the pressure gradient exceeds the critical value; this is favoured by the presence of the solid particles. The reversal of flow may take place near the boundaries also

Inventory model of deteriorating items for nonlinear holding cost with time dependent demand.

The objective of this model is to investigate the inventory system for perishable items where time proportional deterioration rate is considered. The Economic order quantity is determined for minimizing the average total cost per unit time. Time dependent demand rate is used with finite time horizon. Nonlinear holding cost  with shortage is considered. The result is illustrated with numerical example

Reservoir fisheries of Orissa State, southern India

Reseervoir fisheries, Stocking (Organisms), Fishery management, Orissa, India,

IDMP-based fast handoffs and paging in IP-based 4G mobile networks

Abstract — In this paper, we consider the use of the recently proposed Intra-Domain Mobility Management Protocol (IDMP) in ¢¤£¦ ¥ and §©¨� � generation (3/4G) wireless cellular networks to reduce the latency of intradomain location updates and the mobility signaling traffic. We first present enhancements to basic IDMP that provide fast intra-domain handoffs by using a duration-limited, proactive packet ‘multicasting ’ scheme. We quantify the expected buffering requirements of our proposed multicasting scheme for typical 3/4G network characteristics and compare it with alternative IP-based fast handoff solutions. We also present a paging scheme under IDMP that replicates the current cellular paging structure. Our paging mechanism supports generic paging strategies and can significantly reduce the mobility-related IP signaling load. I

Integrated analysis for genotypic adaptation in rice

Development of varieties with high yield potential coupled with wide adaptability is an important plant breeding objective. The presence of genotype by environment (GxE) interaction plays a crucial role in determining the performance of genetic materials, tested at different locations and in different years. This study was undertaken to assess yield performance, stability and adaptability of thirty-six rice genotypes of three different maturity groups evaluated over 12 environments. There were highly significant (P<0.05) genotype-environment interaction in three different maturity groups. The AMMI analysis of variance in the maturity groups also showed significant genotype, location and G\ub4L. Stability in yield performance was predicted using nine stability parameters (b, S2d , CV, SF, R1, R2, W, S1 and ASV). The rank correlation coefficient among nine parameters indicated that the stability parameters were dissimilar in for all the maturity groups. Stability index (STI) computed by integrating all the nine stability parameters indicated that genotypes Lalat and OR 2006-12 of mid-early group, genotypes OR 1912-25, OR 2310-12 and MTU 1001 of mid-late group, and genotypes OR 1898-3-16, OR 1901-14-32, OR 2109-2, OR 2001-1, Mahanadi and Jagabandhu of late group yielded higher consistently over the 3 years in the different agroclimatic zones.Le d\ue9veloppement de vari\ue9t\ue9s \ue0 potentiel \ue9lev\ue9 de rendement coupl\ue9 \ue0 une large adaptabilit\ue9 est un objectif important de l'am\ue9lioration des plantes. La pr\ue9sence de g\ue9notype par interaction avec l'environnement (GxE) joue un r\uf4le crucial dans la d\ue9termination des performances de mat\ue9riels g\ue9n\ue9tiques test\ue9s dans diff\ue9rentes localisations et dans des ann\ue9es diff\ue9rentes. Cette'\ue9tude \ue9tait entreprise pour \ue9valuer la performance en rendement, la stabilit\ue9 et l'adaptabilit\ue9 de trente six g\ue9notypes de riz de trois groupes de maturit\ue9 diff\ue9rente \ue9valu\ue9es sur 12 environnements. L'interaction g\ue9notype-environnement \ue9tait significativement \ue9lev\ue9 (P<0.05) dans trois groupes de maturit\ue9 diff\ue9rente. L'analyse AMM de la variance dans les groupes de maturit\ue9 avait aussi montr\ue9 un effet significatif du g\ue9notype, localisation et G'L. La stabilit\ue9 en performance de rendement \ue9tait pr\ue9dite utilisant neuf param\ue8tres de stabilit\ue9 (b, S2d, CV, SF, R1, R2, W, S1 et ASV). Le rang du co\ue9fficient de corr\ue9lation parmi les neuf param\ue8tres a indiqu\ue9 que les param\ue8tres de stabilit\ue9\ue9taient dissemblables pour tous les groupes de maturit\ue9. L'index de stabilit\ue9 (STI) calcul\ue9 en int\ue9grant tous les neuf param\ue8tres de stabilit\ue9 a indiqu\ue9 que les g\ue9notypes Lalat et OR 2006-12 du mi-premier groupe, les g\ue9notypes OR 1912-25, OR 2310-12 et MTU 1001 du mi-dernier groupe et les g\ue9notypes OR 1898-3-16, OR 1901-14-32, OR 2109-2, OR 2001-1, Mahanadi et Jagabandhu du dernier groupe ont produit consid\ue9rablement de rendements tr\ue8s \ue9lev\ue9s au cours des 3 ans dans diff\ue9rentes zones agroclimatiques

IDMP: An intradomain mobility management protocol for next-generation wireless networks

This paper describes a lightweight Intra-domain Management Protocol (IDMP) for managing mobility within a domain, commonly known as micro-mobility management, for next generation wireless networks. IDMP is modular and simple because it leverages existing protocols, such as Mobile IP or SIP (Session Initiated Protocol) as global mobility management, for locating roaming nodes. Unlike other proposed intra-domain mobility management schemes, IDMP uses two dynamically autoconfigured care-of addresses (CoAs) for routing the packets destined to mobile nodes. The global care-of address (GCoA) is relatively stable and identifies the mobile node’s attachment to the current domain, while the local care-of address (LCoA) changes every time the mobile changes subnets and identifies the mobile’s attachment to the subnet level granularity. After describing the lightweight base protocol, we discuss possible enhancements to reduce the latency of intra-domain updates during handoffs, which are critical for real-time applications both for wide area cellular networks and enterprise wireless LANs. We also discuss mechanisms to incorporate paging support in IDMP and hence reduce the mobility-related signaling load on a mobile node. Detailed implementation and performance results from experiments on our testbed are also presented

Chronic Lung inflammation in victims of toxic gas leak at Bhopal

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) studies in 20 patients at Bhopal. 1.3 ± 0.4 yr and 2.7 ± 0.6 yr after toxic gas exposure had revealed that the lower respiratory tract inflammation had progressed from initial macrophage alveolitis to macrophage-neutrophilic alveolitis. The interval between the two lavages was 1.4 ± 0.6 yr. BAL studies in a new group of 14 patients 5.1 ± 1.0 yr after exposure had confirmed chronic inflammation of the lower respiratory tract as evidenced by macrophage-neutrophilic alveolitis in these subjects as well. Clinical. radiographic and pulmonary function abnormalities were persistent in a proportion of subjects in both groups. Fibronectin (FN) levels were estimated in BAL fluid in 41 patients. Elevated FN levels were seen in 12 (29.3%) subjects and nine of these 12 had radiographic abnormalities. Severely exposed subjects (n=30) had significantly higher BAL fibronectin levels compared to normal subjects and mild/moderately exposed subjects. Repeat FN estimations in BAL samples from 10 patients had revealed that five had abnormally high FN including three who had high FN on both occasions. The number of patients showing abnormal decline in pulmonary function was higher in patients with elevated FN than in patients with normal FN. Thus, persisting clinical, roentgenographic and ventilatory abnormalities, as well as macrophageneutrophilic alveolitis alon g with abnormally elevated FN levels in a proportion of subjects, suggest the possibility that lung fibrosis can occur in subjects exposed to toxic gas at Bhopal