Identificação de bactérias em ambulâncias: riscos assistenciais à segurança do paciente

The aim was to identify microorganisms through the microbial cultivation of bacteria inside ambulances in two municipalities in Baixada Fluminense, in the State of Rio de Janeiro, and to test the sensitivity of these microorganisms to antimicrobials. Samples were obtained from nine specific points inside 6 ambulances. They were inoculated onto salt and blood mannitol agar and were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization techniques. The sensitivity of seven samples was tested using the disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar. Of the fifty-two samples collected, thirty-one (59.6%) were positive for some genus of bacteria, two (3.80%) were not recognized by MALDI and nineteen (36.6%) were negative. Infection prevention and control practices need to be reinforced, as contamination can result in possible complications for patients.Objetivou-se identificar microrganismos por meio do cultivo microbiano de bactérias do interior de ambulâncias em dois municípios da Baixada Fluminense, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, e testar a sensibilidade desses microrganismos a antimicrobianos. Amostras foram obtidas de nove pontos específicos do interior de 6 ambulâncias. Elas foram inoculadas no ágar manitol salgado e de sangue, e foram analisadas por meio de técnica de ionização e dessorção a laser assistida por matriz. Foi testada a sensibilidade de sete amostras com o método de difusão em disco em ágar Muller-Hinton. Das cinquenta e duas amostras coletadas, trinta e uma (59,6%) positivaram para algum gênero de bactéria, duas (3,80%) não foram reconhecidas pelo MALDI e dezenove (36,6%) negativaram. É preciso que sejam reforçadas as práticas de prevenção e controle de infecções, dado que a contaminação pode resultar em possíveis complicações para os pacientes

Asymptomatic oral carriage of Candida species in HIV-infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Oropharyngeal candidiasis is the most common opportunistic fungal infection in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus. CD4+ lymphocytes count and the quantification of viral RNA in blood plasma have been found to be the main markers of HIV disease progression. The present study was conducted to evaluate Candida sp. diversity in the oral cavity of HIV-infected patients and to determine whether there was association of CD4+ cell count and viral load with asymptomatic oral Candida carriage. Out of 99 HIV-positive patients studied, 62 (62.6%) had positive culture for Candida (oral carriage) and 37 patients (37.4%) had Candida negative culture (no oral carriage). The etiologic agents most common were C. albicans and C. tropicalis. The range of CD4+ was 6-2305 cells/mm³ in colonized patients and 3-839 cells/mm³ for non-colonized patients, while the viral load was 60-90016 copies/mL for colonized patients and 75-110488 copies/mL for non colonized patients. The viral load was undetectable in 15 colonized patients and in 12 non colonized patients. Our results showed that there was no significant difference of the variables CD4+ cell count and viral load between oral candida carriage and no oral candida carriage patients.Candidíase de orofaringe é a infecção fúngica oportunística mais comum em indivíduos infectados com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Contagem de linfócitos CD4+ e quantificação de RNA viral no plasma sanguíneo são os principais marcadores da progressão da doença pelo HIV. O presente estudo foi conduzido para avaliar a diversidade de espécies de Candida presentes na cavidade bucal de pacientes infectados pelo HIV e para determinar se havia associação de contagem de células CD4+ e de carga viral com carreadores assintomáticos de Candida, na mucosa bucal. Dos 99 pacientes HIV positivo estudados, 62 (62,6%) apresentaram cultura positiva para Candida sp. sendo denominados carreadores de Candida e os 37 pacientes (37,4%) que não possuíam leveduras do gênero Candida na mucosa bucal foram denominados não carreadores. Os agentes etiológicos mais comuns foram C. albicans e C. tropicalis. A variação de CD4+ foi de 6-2305 cels/mm³ em pacientes colonizados e de 3-839 cels/mm³ para pacientes não colonizados, enquanto a carga viral variou de 60-90016 cópias/mL para pacientes colonizados e de 75-110488 cópias/mL para não colonizados. Não foi possível a detecção de carga viral em 15 pacientes colonizados e em 12 não colonizados, porque o limite mínimo de detecção era de 50 cópias/mL. Nossos resultados mostraram que não houve diferença significante na contagem de células CD4+ e de carga viral entre os pacientes carreadores e não carreadores de Candida na mucosa bucal de pacientes com AIDS

Assessment of knowledge and self-efficiency for the use of basic culinary techniques in puerpera in a university hospital: Avaliação do conhecimento e da autoeficácia para o uso de técnicas culinárias básicas em puérperas em um hospital universitário

The healthy and diversified food introduction represents an opportunity for the child to be exposed to the wide variety of foods that will form the basis for future healthy eating habits. In view of the scarcity of studies that correlate the introduction of complementary foods from the child's six months of life onwards with maternal cooking skills, the present study aims to verify whether there is pre-existence to the puerperium of the mother's cooking skills and, more specifically, to assess whether postpartum women have culinary skills; assess self-efficacy for using basic cooking techniques as well as the cooking skills index. This is a cross-sectional study, which had the participation of 311 postpartum women admitted to a university hospital. Cooking skills were measured in the form of scores. The puerperal women were classified into three strata, according to the scores obtained, three categories were defined, considering the values of the 25th and 75th percentiles as lower limits (low cooking skill) and upper limits (high cooking skill), respectively. The study population showed a high index of cooking skills, as well as a high effectiveness for the use of basic cooking techniques. This study advances in the exploration of the theme, enabling one of the first approaches to the Brazilian reality, especially about postpartum women. It is believed that, even though it is a first exploratory study on the culinary skills of postpartum women attended at a university hospital in northeastern Brazil, its findings can be used as a starting point for future research directions

Assessment of the culinary behavior of puerpera in a university hospital: Avaliação do comportamento culinário de puérperas em um hospital universitário

In the food context, mothers are often associated with the responsibility of transmitting information about food, as well as food practices, from one generation to the next. In addition, children's food preferences can be influenced by parents' food preferences and by the accessibility of food at home, making the family system a determining factor in food education. Considering the scarcity of studies that assess the interference of mothers' cooking skills in the feeding of their children, this study aims to evaluate the knowledge of mothers who were hospitalized at the Lauro Wanderley University Hospital (HULW) about cooking skills, and more specifically, to assess whether postpartum women have culinary skills, to analyze the culinary attitude and the index of culinary skills. This is a cross-sectional study with the participation of 311 postpartum women admitted to a university hospital. Culinary skills were measured in the form of scores. The puerperal women were classified into three strata. According to the scores obtained, three categories were defined, considering the values ​​of the 25th and 75th percentiles as lower limits (low cooking skills) and upper limits (high cooking skills), respectively. The study population showed a high index of culinary skills, as well as a high culinary attitude. The present study advances in the research and deepening of the theme, enabling one of the first approximations with the Brazilian reality, especially with regard to puerperal women. It is believed that, even being a first exploratory study on the culinary skills of puerperal women treated at a university hospital in northeastern Brazil, this study presents findings that can be used as a starting point for future research directions

Degradação Fotocatalítica de Corante Alimentício Azorrubina e Monitoramento de Redução de Toxicidade

In present work, simples of the food dyes organic synthetic (C2OH12N2Na2O7S2) was submitted to photodegradation with a support of the Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions and measure toxicity with a support of essays germination of the lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa). The results showed that, using Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions and simples dyes with a concentration of the 2500 ppm, were achieved 100% discoloration in only 30 minutes. The photocatalytic of the uv-vis light, uv-vis and H2O2, Fenton and photo-Fenton reactions, constant values presented apparent discolored of the, kap = 0.02161 min-1, kap = 0.04939 min-1, e kap = 0.1244 min-1, respectively. The reduction toxicity assays presented a significant reduction of toxicity after analyzing the samples collected in 120 minutes of the photolysis. The toxicity reduction achieved, compared to the control sample, was 17.43% for the growth of the radicle and 32.35% for the growth of the hypocotyl. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v1i1.71

One Health and research with freshwater fish: A systematic review

Background and Aim: The concept of One Health, which aims to establish the association between human, animal, and environmental health, is dedicated to finding solutions to challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases. This study focuses on the conservation of freshwater fish and underscores the need for multi-and transdisciplinary approaches that emphasize the objective established by the concept. Materials and Methods: In this context, this study conducted a systematic review, employing criteria for article selection and exclusion, where publications spanning from 1990 to 2022 were analyzed using the electronic databases Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, SciELO, and Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde. Results: Using the keywords “One Health,” “fish,” and “freshwater,” a comprehensive collection of 2392 articles was identified. However, after a meticulous evaluation, only 12 articles fully satisfied the review criteria. These selected articles, published between 2015 and 2022, were primarily concentrated in Asia and Africa. Notably, the focal points of these articles addressed antimicrobial resistance, parasites, and heavy metals, which are challenges associated with consuming contaminated fish. Conclusion: Thus, the One Health approach is the most efficient method for managing environmental risks. By harnessing the collaborative efforts of diverse professionals and experts in the fields of environmental, human, and animal health, this approach serves as a robust framework for addressing challenges involving the triad of human, animal, and environmental spheres

Avaliação de não conformidades de próteses de quadril fabricadas com ligas de titânio e aço inox

Um grande número de ligas metálicas apresenta comportamento satisfatório quando usadas na fabricação deimplantes para próteses de quadril. Porém, as mesmas devem estar em conformidades com as normatizações,para assegurar sua qualidade por longos períodos e sem perder sua funcionalidade. Portanto, o presentetrabalho tem como objetivo estudar as não conformidades de duas próteses de quadril, sendo uma de titânio eoutra de aço inoxidável frente às normatizações. As próteses estudadas passaram por análise de difração deraios-x (DRX), fluorescência de raios-x, ensaio de tração e microscopia óptica (MO). As amostras para oensaio de tração foram confeccionadas conforme a norma ASTM E 8M, bem como, as amostras do MOpassou pelo procedimento metalográfico. Os resultados evidenciaram que algumas composições químicasapresentaram discordância em relação às normas. As análises de DRX mostraram picos de austenita eausência de ferrita para o aço inoxidável, enquanto a liga de titânio apresenta uma fase alfa (HC) maissignificativa que a fase beta (CCC). As ligas de aço inox e titânio apresentam limite de escoamento eresistência à tração que atendem as normas. Por outro lado, o módulo de elasticidade das ligas de titânio e açoinox, chega a ser dez vezes maior do que o módulo do osso humano. Portanto, o alto módulo de elasticidadedas ligas, favorece problemas de reabsorção óssea. A microestrutura do aço inox é típica de uma matrizaustenítica, enquanto a da liga de titânio apresenta microestruturas α+ β

The gut microbiome and metabolome of two riparian communities in the Amazon

During the last decades it has become increasingly clear that the microbes that live on and in humans are critical for health. The communities they form, termed microbiomes, are involved in fundamental processes such as the maturation and constant regulation of the immune system. Additionally, they constitute a strong defense barrier to invading pathogens, and are also intricately linked to nutrition. The parameters that affect the establishment and maintenance of these microbial communities are diverse, and include the genetic background, mode of birth, nutrition, hygiene, and host lifestyle in general. Here, we describe the characterization of the gut microbiome of individuals living in the Amazon, and the comparison of these microbial communities to those found in individuals from an urban, industrialized setting. Our results showed striking differences in microbial communities from these two types of populations. Additionally, we used high-throughput metabolomics to study the chemical ecology of the gut environment and found significant metabolic changes between the two populations. Although we cannot point out a single cause for the microbial and metabolic changes observed between Amazonian and urban individuals, they are likely to include dietary differences as well as diverse patterns of environmental exposure. To our knowledge, this is the first description of gut microbial and metabolic profiles in Amazonian populations, and it provides a starting point for thorough characterizations of the impact of individual environmental conditions on the human microbiome and metabolome

Uso de substâncias psicoativas por estudantes rurais: distribuição por sexo e idade

Doi: 10.5902/2179769214144Objective: to analyze the lifetime use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, and their distribution by sex and age of students of elementary and high school, in a rural public school. Method: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, conducted from August to November of 2011 with 146 students in Petrolina and analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2007. As for the criteria of eligibility, elligible students had to be over 18 and sign the Informed Consent or, if underage, obtain the parents’ signature. Results: there was greater lifetime use of alcohol, predominantly among women of 16-18 years old; 16.44% used cigarettes, without distinction of sex; and 3.42% used illicit drugs, prevailing men. Conclusions: educational strategies, through school, family or government, are necessary to promote dialogues with students, reducing the use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs among students.Objetivo: analizar el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas y su distribución por sexo y edad entre estudiantes de una escuela pública rural de primaria y secundaria. Método: estudio cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal, realizado entre agosto y noviembre de 2011 con 146 estudiantes en Petrolina (PE, Brasil) y analizados con Microsoft Excel 2007. Como criterios de elegibilidad se exigió ser mayor de 18 años y firmar un consentimiento informado o, para menores de edad, obtener la firma del responsable. Resultados: se verificó mayor consumo de alcohol, predominantemente entre mujeres de 16-18 años; 16,44% consumen cigarrillos, sin distinción de sexo; y 3,42% consumen drogas ilícitas, prevaleciendo los hombres. Conclusiones: estrategias educativas, a través de la escuela, la familia o el gobierno, son necesarios en la promoción de diálogos con los estudiantes, para reducir el consumo de alcohol, tabaco y otras drogas entre los estudiantes.Doi: 10.5902/2179769214144Objetivo: analisar o uso na vida de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas e sua distribuição por sexo e idade em estudantes do fundamental II e médio, de uma escola pública e rural. Método: estudo quantitativo, descritivo e transversal, realizado de agosto a novembro de 2011 com 146 estudantes de Petrolina e analisado pelo programa Microsoft Excel 2007. Como critérios de elegibilidade elegeu-se ser maior de 18 anos e assinar o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido ou, se menor, obter a assinatura do responsável. Resultados: verificou-se maior uso na vida por álcool, predominando mulheres de 16 a 18 anos; 16,44% usaram cigarro, sem distinção do sexo; e 3,42% usaram drogas ilícitas, prevalecendo os homens. Conclusões: estratégias educacionais, através da escola, família ou governo, são necessárias na promoção de diálogos com os alunos, reduzindo o uso de álcool, tabaco e outras drogas entre estudantes