Estimation of the total inelasticity coefficient in interaction of greater than or equal to 20 TeV hadrons with lead

Experimental data on the interaction mean free path of hadrons with energy E 20 TeV in lead obtained with multilayer X-ray emulsion chambers(XEC) are compared with results of simulation of nuclear-electromagnetic cascades in lead chamber. It is shown that, to explain experimental data, the value of the inelasticity coefficients, K .8 should be assumed

Low-temperature magnetostriction and distortions in the rare-earth Laves phases

The effects of partial substitution of dysprosium in Tb0.2Dy0.8Co2 by terbium and gadolinium on the structure and magnetic properties have been studied. Two compositions, Tb0.3Dy0.7Co2 and Tb0.2Dy0.7Gd0.1Co2 have been synthesized. Their crystal structure, in contrast to the structure of the original compound, has both tetragonal distortions and rhombohedral distortions at lower temperatures. Anomalies of magnetostriction and magnetocaloric effect near the observed magnetic phase transitions have been studied. The sign-alternating temperature dependences of the longitudinal and transverse magnetostrictions associated with various types of crystal structure distortions of the alloys are revealed

Methodology for failure analysis of complex technical systems and prevention of their consequences

The paper presents a study on the methodology of failures and their possible consequences analysis. Analysis of failures and their consequences is carried out for newly developed or modernized products and it is one of main activities in the reliability assurance system. The methodology is applied to the analysis of all designed systems, starting from the earliest stage of development, in order to evaluate the approach to development and compare the advantages of the design solution. The considered analysis of failures and their consequences of components is a part of the complex analysis of reliability of the whole product. Depending on the complexity of the design and the available data, a particular approach may be chosen for the analysis. In one case, it is a structural approach, in which a list of individual elements and their possible failures is compiled. In another case, it is the functional approach, which is based on the statement that each element must perform a number of functions that can be classified as solutions. The results provide a scheme for conducting the analysis and finding solutions to prevent them. The conclusions say that the level of detail determines the level at which failures are postulated

RESULTS DESIGNING AND ANALYSIS WHEN INTRODUCING NEW BEVERAGE IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA

Building a digital profile of food product with use of modern mathematical apparatus of basic matrices is a solution to the problem of designing innovative beverage recipes. In this regard, for the effective use of the food resource base, modeling and production of high-quality food products, there is an acute problem of developing a methodology for identifying food products using the full range of the currently available analytical base. The article discusses an algorithm for constructing a flexible experimental design for the new identification criteria development, taking into account the laboratory research peculiarities in the beverage industry. The application of software in experiment designing is considered and a practical example of integrated designing based on the construction of an identification criterion for wine materials is presented

Territorial differences in the innovative development of Sweden, Finland, and the North-western federal district of the Russian Federation

This article considers the innovative component of the economies of Sweden, Finland, and the Noreth-western federal district (NWFD) of the Russian Federation. The authors present the results of a comparative analysis of research and technological potential of the regions and their administrativeterritorial units in terms of innovative activity development. For the first time, the index of integral assessment of research and technological potential of the NWFD has been calculated in comparison to Sweden and Finland. The NWFD is proved to lag behind Sweden and Finland in terms of innovative development indices; however, the NWFD shows an increase in such indices in catches up in terms of individual indices (mobile communication density and Internet access availability). The authors offer sketch maps showing similarities in the character of territorial differentiation of innovative processes in the NEFD, Sweden, and Finland (which corresponds to the centreperiphery model)

Studies of Li2Fe0.9M0.1SO Antiperovskite Materials for Lithium–Ion Batteries: The Role of Partial Fe2+ to M2+ Substitution

Cubic Li2Fe0.9M0.1SO antiperovskites with M–Co2+, or Mn2+ were successfully synthesized by a solid-state technique, and studied as cathode materials in Li-batteries. The influence of the Co, and Mn cation substitution of Fe in Li2FeSO on the resulting electrochemical performance was evaluated by galvanostatic cycling, while the reaction mechanism was explored by applying operando X-ray absorption and X-ray diffraction techniques using synchrotron radiation facilities. Even 10% Fe-substitution by these metals completely changes the structural behavior of the material upon Li-removal and insertion, in comparison to Li2FeSO. The Co-substitution significantly improves cyclability of the material at high current densities in comparison to the non-substituted material, reaching a specific capacity of 250 mAh/g at 1C current density. In contrast, the Mn-substitution leads to deterioration of the electrochemical performance because of the impeded kinetics, which may be caused by the appearance of a second isostructural phase due to formation of Jahn-Teller Mn3+ cations upon delithiation

Anna Akhmatova and the Riddle of Shakespeare

Поступила в редакцию 03.06.2019. Принята к печати 01.07.2019.Submitted on 03 June, 2019. Accepted on 01 July, 2019.В воспоминаниях современников Анны Ахматовой высказывания о ее интересе к личности и творчеству Уильяма Шекспира обрело статус locus communis. Это пристрастие закреплено ею самой в записных книжках 1958–1966 гг. Приведем такой факт: в планах Ахматовой за 1957 г. значится написание книги, второй раздел которой, «Marginalia», должен был включать заметки о Шекспире. В статье исследуются причины интереса Анны Ахматовой к вопросу атрибуции наследия Уильяма Шекспира. В рассуждения вовлекаются мемуарные свидетельства современников Ахматовой — В. Рецептера, В. Муравьева, И. Ивановского, Г. Глёкина, Л. Чуковской, Э. Герштейн, а также фрагменты из ее записных книжек и художественных произведений («Поэмы без героя», драмы «Пролог, или Сон во сне» и др.). Ахматова принимала участие в дебатах о том, кто написал пьесы Шекспира и об идентичности «Уильяма Шекспира». Она сомневалась в том, что актер и театральный антрепренер из Стратфорда-на-Эйвоне является автором многочисленных пьес. Ахматова осознавала, что в Европе времен Шекспира авторство не имело первостепенного значения или того значения, которое мы придаем ему сегодня. Но она не разделяла точку зрения некоторых своих собеседников (В. Рецептера, В. Муравьева) на возможность существования «искусства без имен». Необходимость точного определения автора знаменитых пьес и сонетов была продиктована желанием прояснить для себя некоторые литературно-эстетические проблемы: взаимоотношение между реальным и имплицитным автором, степень дистанцированности alter еgо автора в тексте произведения от самого писателя, возможность дискурсивной игры в пределах цепочки «автор — нарратор — персонаж — читатель», механизмы вытеснения либо «затемнения» исповедального начала.In the memoirs of Anna Akhmatova’s contemporaries, statements about her interest in William Shakespeare’s personality and creative work may be regarded as locus communis. This passion was dwelt upon in her Notebooks written between 1958 and 1966. The following fact is worth mentioning here: in 1957, Akhmatova planned to write a book whose second part Marginalia was supposed to include notes about Shakespeare. This article explores the possible reasons for Anna Akhmatova’s interest in the attribution of Shakespeare’s heritage. The article refers to evidence from Akhmatova’s contemporaries (V. Rezepter, G. Glyokin, I. Ivanovsky, L. Chukovskaya, V. Muravyov, E. Gerstein) and fragments from her notebooks and poetry (Poem without a Hero, play Prologue, or A Dream within a Dream and others). Akhmatova took part in the debate over who had written Shakespeare’s works and “William Shakespeare’s” identity. She doubted that the actor and theatrical entrepreneur from Stratford-upon-Avon had really authored numerous plays. Akhmatova was aware of the fact that during Shakespeare’s time, authorship was not of preeminent importance or had the significance attributed to it today. But she did not share the point of view of some of her interlocutors (Rezepter, Muravyov) on the possibility of “art without names”. The need to establish the real author of famous plays and sonnets was dictated by Akhmatova’s desire to clarify some literary and aesthetic issues for herself, i.e. the correlation between the real and the implicit author, the degree of distance between the author’s alter ego in the text and the author themselves, the possibility of discursive play within the chain “author — narrator — character — reader”, the mechanisms of displacement or “obscuring” of the confessional tone

Fecundity of northern shrimp <i>Pandalus borealis </i>dwelling at the west coast of Kamchatka

Fecundity of northern shrimp Pandalus borealis is investigated for the first time on the data collected from the depth 200-400 m near the coast of West Kamchatka in 2013-2014. The absolute and relative individual fecundity are determined, their relationship with size and age of the shrimp is analyzed. The individual fertility of females changes in limits of 1395-4648 eggs, with average number in the laying 2799 ± 190 eggs. The maximum fecundity is noted for females at the age of 7+. Losses of eggs for the northern shrimp at the west coast of Kamchatka don’t exceed 12 %