Getting Past the “Entrepreneurial Growth Ceiling”: A Longitudinal Study of IPO Firm Growth Through Solution Driven Strategies

In this paper we introduce a concept that we call the Entrepreneurial Growth Ceiling (EGC). We develop arguments that new venture IPOs hit the EGC prior to their IPO, and the ceiling is part of the impetus for going public. The EGC represents a set of problems, and we hypothesize that a firm’s ability to break through the ceiling quickly (within a year following the IPO) is critical for long-term performance. We argue that proceeds from the IPO will aid firms in breaking through the ceiling if the proceeds are strategically allocated. Results indicate firms that allocate proceeds to human resources and research and development (R&D) resources are more likely to break through the EGC quickly and enhance long-term stock performance

Understanding Emotional Intelligence and Its Relationship to Clinical Reasoning in Nursing Students: A Mixed Methods Study

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to explore emotional intelligence (EI) and its relationship to clinical reasoning in senior bachelor of science in nursing (BSN) students to gain a better understanding of how emotions are used in clinical learning experiences. This study was guided by the Four Branch Ability Model of EI. Background. The current complex healthcare environment requires nursing students to be prepared to effectively reason in emotionally charged situations. The concept of EI and its beneficial effects in nursing are becoming more evident in the literature. However, it is still not well understood what the EI abilities are of nursing students and how EI competencies should be integrated in nursing education. In order to prepare safe and effective nurses, a foundational first step is to understand the EI of nursing students and how emotions are used in clinical learning experiences. Methods. This study utilized a convergent parallel mixed methods design. The quantitative strand consisted of two validated instruments, the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT) and the Health Sciences Reasoning Test (HSRT). The qualitative strand consisted of two open-ended questions. Results. The participants were 16 senior BSN students from a university in the Midwest region of the United States. Quantitative findings indicated a positive relationship between Strategic EI area and the clinical reasoning scale of inference (rs = .489, p = .044). A positive relationship was also found between the Understanding Emotions branch and overall clinical reasoning (rs = .559, p = .024) and its scale of induction (rs = .530, p = .035). A descriptive content analysis was completed to analyze the qualitative data, which resulted in three categories: (1) Sadness for…, (2) Shifting Emotions, and (3) Presence. Conclusion. This study indicates a relationship between aspects of EI and clinical reasoning in senior BSN students. It also provides valuable insight on emotions and their use in clinical learning experiences. This new knowledge will assist nurse educators to become more aware of EI in clinical learning experiences and inform further investigation of teaching and learning practices focused on EI and its development

The First Cut Is the Deepest: Trawl Effects on a Deep-Sea Sponge Ground Are Pronounced Four Years on

Few studies have described the effects of physical disturbance and post-recovery of deep-sea benthic communities. Here, we explore the status of deep-sea sponge ground communities four years after being impacted by an experimental bottom trawl. The diversity and abundance of epibenthic megafauna of two distinct benthic communities in disturbed versus control areas were surveyed using a remotely operated vehicle on the Schulz Bank, Arctic Ocean. Four years after disturbance, megafaunal densities of the shallow (∼600 m depth) and deep (∼1,400 m depth) sites were significantly lower on the disturbed patches compared to the control areas. Multivariate analyses revealed a distinct separation between disturbed and control communities for both sites, with trawling causing 29–58% of the variation. Many epibenthic morphotypes were significantly impacted by the trawl, including ascidians, Geodia parva, Hexactinellida spp., Craniella infrequens, Lissodendoryx complicata, Haliclonia sp. Stylocordyla borealis, Gersemia rubiformis and Actiniaria sp. However, we found some smaller morphospecies to be equally abundant with control transects, including Polymastia thielei, Geodia hentscheli, and Stelletta rhaphidiophora, reflecting lower trawl impact for these morphotypes. Overall, our results suggest that these are fragile ecosystems that require much more time than four years to recover from physical disturbance typical of trawling activities.publishedVersio

Food Insecurity and Intimate Partner Violence in Mwanza, Tanzania: A Longitudinal Analysis

Introduction: Food insecurity is a potential predictor of intimate partner violence. This study (1) describes the prevalence of food insecurity and various forms of intimate partner violence experience among women in Mwanza, Tanzania; and (2) assesses the effect of food insecurity and hunger on various forms of women's experience of intimate partner violence longitudinally. Methods: Women (aged 18–70 years) who reported being in a relationship in the past 12 months, who had participated in the control arms of two randomized controlled trials conducted as part of the MAISHA study were interviewed at four time points (N=1,004 at baseline in 2017). Analyses were conducted in 2022. Associations between food insecurity exposures and intimate partner violence outcomes were assessed, and univariate random effect logistic models were conducted to identify relevant sociodemographic variables (including age, education level, and SES) that were statistically significant. Multivariable random effects logistic models were conducted, including time as a fixed effect, to calculate odds ratios indicating associations between food insecurity exposures and intimate partner violence outcomes. Results: Prevalence of food insecurity was 47.7%, 55.6%, 47.2%, and 50.8% for each of the 4 waves, respectively, with significant difference in proportion of food insecurity between baseline and Wave 2. Multivariable random effects models indicated that food insecurity was associated with increased odds of exposure to all forms of intimate partner violence outcomes, and hunger was significantly associated with increased odds of experience of all intimate partner violence outcomes, apart from controlling behaviors. Conclusions: Results from this longitudinal analysis of food insecurity and women's reports of intimate partner violence experience in a low- and middle-income country setting indicate that food insecurity is significantly associated with all forms of intimate partner violence, apart from controlling behaviors, among women in this sample in Mwanza, Tanzania. Policy and programmatic implications include the need for integrated intimate partner violence prevention programming to take into account household food needs

A regional, early spring bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii on the New England continental shelf

Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2021. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 126(2), (2021): e2020JC016856, https://doi.org/10.1029/2020JC016856.The genus Phaeocystis is distributed globally and has considerable ecological, biogeochemical, and societal impacts. Understanding its distribution, growth and ecological impacts has been limited by lack of extensive observations on appropriate scales. In 2018, we investigated the biological dynamics of the New England continental shelf and encountered a substantial bloom of Phaeocystis pouchetii. Based on satellite imagery during January through April, the bloom extended over broad expanses of the shelf; furthermore, our observations demonstrated that it reached high biomass levels, with maximum chlorophyll concentrations exceeding 16 µg L−1 and particulate organic carbon levels > 95 µmol L−1. Initially, the bloom was largely confined to waters with temperatures <6°C, which in turn were mostly restricted to shallow areas near the coast. As the bloom progressed, it appeared to sink into the bottom boundary layer; however, enough light and nutrients were available for growth. The bloom was highly productive (net community production integrated through the mixed layer from stations within the bloom averaged 1.16 g C m−2 d−1) and reduced nutrient concentrations considerably. Long‐term coastal observations suggest that Phaeocystis blooms occur sporadically in spring on Nantucket Shoals and presumably expand onto the continental shelf. Based on the distribution of Phaeocystis during our study, we suggest that it can have a significant impact on the overall productivity and ecology of the New England shelf during the winter/spring transition.This project was supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grants 1657855, 1657803, and 1657489). NES‐LTER contributions were supported by grants to HMS from NSF (Grant 1655686) and the Simons Foundation (Grant 561126). VPR operations were supported by the Dalio Explore Fund.2021-07-1

The first determination of Generalized Polarizabilities of the proton by a Virtual Compton Scattering experiment

Absolute differential cross sections for the reaction (e+p -> e+p+gamma) have been measured at a four-momentum transfer with virtuality Q^2=0.33 GeV^2 and polarization \epsilon = 0.62 in the range 33.6 to 111.5 MeV/c for the momentum of the outgoing photon in the photon-proton center of mass frame. The experiment has been performed with the high resolution spectrometers at the Mainz Microtron MAMI. From the photon angular distributions, two structure functions which are a linear combination of the generalized polarizabilities have been determined for the first time.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Student Satisfaction and Performance in an Online Teacher Certification Program

The article presents a study which demonstrates the effectiveness of an online post baccalaureate teacher certification program developed by a Wisconsin university. The case method approach employing multiple methods and multiple data sources were used to investigate the degree to which pre-service teachers were prepared to teach. It was concluded that the study supports online delivery as an effective means of teacher preparation, but it was limited in the number of students followed into their first year of teaching

The association between preoperative anemia and postoperative morbidity in pediatric surgical patients : a secondary analysis of a prospective observational cohort study

BACKGROUND : The prevalence of anemia in the South African pediatric surgical population is unknown. Anemia may be associated with increased postoperative complications. We are unaware of studies documenting these findings in patients in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AIM : The primary aim of this study was to describe the association between preoperative anemia and 26 defined postoperative complications, in noncardiac pediatric surgical patients. Secondary aims included describing the prevalence of anemia and risk factors for intraoperative blood transfusion. METHOD : This was a secondary analysis of the South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study, a prospective, observational surgical outcomes study. Inclusion criteria were all consecutive patients aged between 6 months and <16 years, presenting to participating centers during the study period who underwent elective and nonelective noncardiac surgery and had a preoperative hemoglobin recorded. Exclusion criteria were patients aged <6 months, undergoing cardiac surgery, or without a preoperative Hb recorded. To determine whether an independent association existed between preoperative anemia and postoperative complications, a hierarchical stepwise logistic regression was conducted. RESULTS : There were 1094 eligible patients. In children in whom a preoperative Hb was recorded 46.2% had preoperative anemia. Preoperative anemia was independently associated with an increased risk of any postoperative complication (odds ratio 2.0, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-3.1, P = .002). Preoperative anemia (odds ratio 3.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.8-7.1, P < .001) was an independent predictor of intraoperative blood transfusion. CONCLUSION : Preoperative anemia had a high prevalence in a LMIC and was associated with increased postoperative complications. The main limitation of our study is the ability to generalize the results to the wider pediatric surgical population, as these findings only relate to children in whom a preoperative Hb was recorded. Prospective studies are required to determine whether correction of preoperative anemia reduces morbidity and mortality in children undergoing noncardiac surgery.http://wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/panhj2021Anaesthesiolog

Lessons learned from community and citizen science monitoring on the Elwha River restoration project

Community and citizen science (CCS) projects – initiatives that involve public participation in scientific research – can both sustain and expand long-term monitoring of large dam removal projects. In this article, we discuss our perspectives on CCS associated with the Elwha River dam removals. We summarize how the public has been or could be involved in monitoring and distill lessons learned for other large dam removal projects. Much of the Elwha monitoring involved technical field work requiring training and incurring potential liability risks, guiding projects towards smaller-scale public involvement. Partnering with organizations that have capacity for volunteer management expanded CCS opportunities and provided logistical support to project managers committed to public engagement. We found that many projects engaged with students and/or with paid or unpaid interns; compensating participants in various ways can help to create reciprocal relationships that support long-term monitoring. In the future, other large dam removals could consider planning ahead for community involvement in dam removal monitoring to accommodate the technical and potentially hazardous nature of the work – broadening who may be able to participate. In addition, involving community members in setting research agendas could be an important first step in engaging them in long-term monitoring, in turn facilitating multi-generational research at the timescale of landscape-level changes. Finally, explicit relationship-building with Indigenous communities can enhance the benefits of community engagement in dam removal science for all involved

An evaluation of severe anesthetic-related critical incidents and risks from the South African paediatric surgical outcomes study : a 14-day prospective, observational cohort study of pediatric surgical patients

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 1 : The South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study (SAPSOS): A 14-day prospective, observational cohort study of paediatric surgical patients.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 2 : South African Paediatric Surgical Outcomes Study (SAPSOS) : Operating Room case record form.SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 3 : Supplemental Tables and Figures.BACKGROUND : Severe anesthetic-related critical incident (SARCI) monitoring is an essential component of safe, quality anesthetic care. Predominantly retrospective data from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) report higher incidence but similar types of SARCI compared to high-income countries (HIC). The aim of our study was to describe the baseline incidence of SARCI in a middle-income country (MIC) and to identify associated risk for SARCI. We hypothesized a higher incidence but similar types of SARCI and risks compared to HICs. METHODS : We performed a 14-day, prospective multicenter observational cohort study of pediatric patients (aged <16 years) undergoing surgery in government-funded hospitals in South Africa, a MIC, to determine perioperative outcomes. This analysis described the incidence and types of SARCI and associated perioperative cardiac arrests (POCAs). We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify risk factors independently associated with SARCI, including 7 a priori variables and additional candidate variables based on their univariable performance. RESULTS : Two thousand and twenty-four patients were recruited from May 22 to August 22, 2017, at 43 hospitals. The mean age was 5.9 years (±standard deviation 4.2). A majority of patients during this 14-day period were American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status I (66.4%) or presenting for minor surgery (54.9%). A specialist anesthesiologist managed 59% of cases. These patients were found to be significantly younger (P < .001) and had higher ASA physical status (P < .001). A total of 426 SARCI was documented in 322 of 2024 patients, an overall incidence of 15.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.4–17.6). The most common event was respiratory (214 of 426; 50.2%) with an incidence of 8.5% (95% CI, 7.4–9.8). Six children (0.3%; 95% CI, 0.1–0.6) had a POCA, of whom 4 died in hospital. Risks independently associated with a SARCI were age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.95; CI, 0.92–0.98; P = .004), increasing ASA physical status (aOR = 1.85, 1,74, and 2.73 for ASA II, ASA III, and ASA IV–V physical status, respectively), urgent/emergent surgery (aOR = 1.35, 95% CI, 1.02–1.78; P = .036), preoperative respiratory infection (aOR = 2.47, 95% CI, 1.64–3.73; P < .001), chronic respiratory comorbidity (aOR = 1.75, 95% CI, 1.10–2.79; P = .018), severity of surgery (intermediate surgery aOR = 1.84, 95% CI, 1.39–2.45; P < .001), and level of hospital (first-level hospitals aOR = 2.81, 95% CI, 1.60–4.93; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS : The incidence of SARCI in South Africa was 3 times greater than in HICs, and an associated POCA was 10 times more common. The risk factors associated with SARCI may assist with targeted interventions to improve safety and to triage children to the optimal level of care.The Jan Pretorius Research Fund, South African Society of Anaesthesiologists; Discipline of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal; Department of Anaesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital and University of Cape Town; Department of Anaesthesia, University of the Witwatersrand; and Paediatric Anaesthesia Community of South Africa.https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/pages/default.aspxhj2023Anaesthesiolog