Directions of modernization on the periphery of the metropolis : the electricity consumption in the economy of small in Heliopolis-SP

Orientador: Marcio Antonio CataiaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeociênciasResumo: Buscamos interpretar a pobreza urbana a partir do consumo de energia elétrica na periferia da metrópole paulista. Apresentamos duas ideias-âncora, uma delas reside nas metamorfoses do trabalho dos pequenos comerciantes da favela de Heliópolis-SP, e a outra questão está relacionada às formas de espoliação das tarifas de energia elétrica sobre tais atividades intensivas em trabalho. Nesta pesquisa defende-se que a recente mercantilização da energia elétrica é uma das expressões de apropriação da renda dos pobres e da financeirização do território brasileiro. O consumo de energia elétrica e a geração de trabalho e renda revelam nexos entre o circuito espacial elétrico e a economia urbana das cidades. De forma geral, o abastecimento de energia atinge espaços opacos do território e instaura novos paradoxos e constrangimentos aos lugares. Isso porque os pequenos negócios precisam se ajustar à tarifação de energia, que é uma norma rígida em meio às margens de negociação que não encontram no lucro a motivação para as trocas. Ou seja, o mercado socialmente necessário, tão caro às famílias pobres em Heliópolis, é atingido pelo regime de preço da energia e pelo controle social realizado pela concessionária de distribuição. As inadimplências quanto ao serviço e as fraudes são novíssimos produtos de uma urbanização que segrega e fragmenta, em razão das formas de privação e alienação do espaçoAbstract: We seek to interpret the urban poverty from the electricity consumption in the periphery of the metropolis. We present two ideas anchor, one of which lies in the metamorphoses of the work of small traders of the Heliópolis- SP slum, and the other issue is related forms of theft of electricity tariffs on such labor intensive activities. In this research it argues that the recent commercialization of electricity is one of the expressions of appropriation of income of the poor and the financialization of the Brazilian territory. The consumption of electric energy and the generation of employment and income reveal links between the electric circuit space and the urban economy of cities. Generally, the power supply reaches opaque spaces of the territory by introducing new paradoxes, because it generates constraints to places. This is because small businesses need to fit the power tariff, which is a strict standard among the trading banks that have no profit motivation for exchanges. In the other words, the socially necessary market so important to poor families in Heliopolis is hit by the energy price system and the social control carried out by the distribution utility. Defaults as service and fraud are brand new product that secretes an urbanization and fragmentation, due to forms of deprivation and alienation of spaceDoutoradoAnálise Ambiental e Dinâmica TerritorialDoutora em Geografia2011/10049-1FAPES

The use of the territory and the urban politics : the Jardim Campo Belo in the process of fragmentation of the Campinas city

Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da SilvaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de GeocienciasResumo: No início dos anos 1990, os planos diretores tornam-se instrumentos de política urbana obrigatórios para as grandes cidades brasileiras. Questionamos nessa pesquisa o que há de novo na concepção destes planos para Campinas-SP. Debatemos o papel do Estado nos processos de fragmentação e periferização da cidade, a partir do nosso objeto de análise que é o Jardim Campo Belo; fruto da expansão dos loteamentos periféricos aprovados durante o pós-guerra. Os esforços coletivos que mobilizaram a expansão da mancha urbana para o sentido sul de Campinas estiveram intimamente ligados aos interesses especulativos e corporativos. Os planos de ordenamento sustentaram a gênese dessa cidade espraiada e mobilizaram constantes modernizações em seu território. O Jardim Campo Belo participa da fase mais recente de periferização da cidade, na qual emergem as ocupações de terras organizadas. Hoje, essa porção opaca é disputada pelos mais pobres, que lutam pela permanência e regularização de suas moradias e também pelas grandes empresas que anseiam acumular ganhos com expansão do Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos.Abstract: In the early 1990s, the master plans become urban politic instruments required for the major Brazilian cities. We in this search what's new in the design of these plans to Campinas-SP. We discussed the role of the State in the process of fragmentation and peripherical of the city, from our analysis object that is the Jardim Campo Belo; the result of expansion of lots peripherals approved during the post-war period. Collective efforts that mobilized urban area expansion for the south of Campinas had been closely on to the speculative and corporative interests. The management plans had supported genesis of this urban sprawl and had mobilized constants modernizations in its territory. The Jardim Campo Belo participates of the phase most recent of peripherical of the city, of which the organized land occupations emerge. Today, this cloudy portion is disputed by poorest, who are fighting for the permanence and regularization of its housings and for the large companies that desires to accumulate profits with expansion of the International Airport of Viracopos.MestradoAnálise Ambiental e Dinâmica TerritorialMestre em Geografi

The Application of Chironomid Pupal Exuvial Technique (CPET) for Ecological Analysis in a Neotropical Large River System

This field ecological study, based on the chironomid pupal exuvial technique (CPET), is new for the Paraná River and proposes an efficient tool to be used in future ecological approaches and biomonitoring. Drifting of pupal exuviae in a river-floodplain system of the Middle Paraná River floodplain was represented by 34 Chironomidae taxa, being the characteristic association obtained from the CPET: Lopescladius, Onconeura, Paralauterborniella, Polypedilum, and Harnischia complex. Diversity, richness, dominance, total density, and density of dominant taxa were different between the longitudinal and lateral dimensions but not between hydrologic phases, with a greater diversity and richness in the main channel of the river and higher density and dominance in floodplain habitats. The species turnover is the dominant process in structuring studied assemblages in spatial and temporal analysis, increasing in the floodplain habitats and in low-water phase. The results obtained showed that drifting exuviae in the longitudinal axis were coming from different assemblages and environments of a wider area (regional), while exuviae recorded in the connections of the floodplain environments in the lateral dimension could reflect the local assemblages. We demonstrated the ecological value of CPET studies to interpret the attributes of Chironomidae assemblage in river-floodplain systems of large rivers in an integrated way.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

The Application of Chironomid Pupal Exuvial Technique (CPET) for Ecological Analysis in a Neotropical Large River System

This field ecological study, based on the chironomid pupal exuvial technique (CPET), is new for the Paraná River and proposes an efficient tool to be used in future ecological approaches and biomonitoring. Drifting of pupal exuviae in a river-floodplain system of the Middle Paraná River floodplain was represented by 34 Chironomidae taxa, being the characteristic association obtained from the CPET: Lopescladius, Onconeura, Paralauterborniella, Polypedilum, and Harnischia complex. Diversity, richness, dominance, total density, and density of dominant taxa were different between the longitudinal and lateral dimensions but not between hydrologic phases, with a greater diversity and richness in the main channel of the river and higher density and dominance in floodplain habitats. The species turnover is the dominant process in structuring studied assemblages in spatial and temporal analysis, increasing in the floodplain habitats and in low-water phase. The results obtained showed that drifting exuviae in the longitudinal axis were coming from different assemblages and environments of a wider area (regional), while exuviae recorded in the connections of the floodplain environments in the lateral dimension could reflect the local assemblages. We demonstrated the ecological value of CPET studies to interpret the attributes of Chironomidae assemblage in river-floodplain systems of large rivers in an integrated way.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

Histórias com matemática: trabalho de projecto no 2º ciclo do ensino básico

Dissertação de mestrado, Didáctica e Inovação no Ensino das Ciências (Matemática), Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2011O presente estudo tem dois objectivos principais: (i) conhecer as potencialidades do Trabalho de Projecto no processo de ensino-aprendizagem da Matemática; e (ii) compreender a influência do ambiente de aprendizagem sobre o desenvolvimento de competências matemáticas nos alunos. Envolveu os alunos de uma turma do 6.º ano do ensino básico da qual sou professora. Para focar e contextualizar o problema, definiram-se as seguintes questões de investigação: (i) De que forma os alunos reagem a situações problemáticas da realidade no âmbito de um Trabalho de Projecto? (ii) Como é que a pedagogia do Trabalho de Projecto se reflecte nas aprendizagens dos alunos, em particular, no que respeita aos processos e artefactos (matemáticos e não matemáticos) envolvidos? Do ponto de vista metodológico, o trabalho segue uma abordagem de investigação qualitativa, de natureza interpretativa e de carácter descritivo, mais especificamente, assumindo os contornos de uma “experiência de ensino” (design experiment) por implicar uma investigação na própria prática. Os dados recolhidos em contexto de sala de aula são de natureza diversificada. As principais fontes consideradas foram a observação directa das aulas que incluiu a gravação em vídeo, questionários, entrevistas, recolha dos relatórios elaborados pelos alunos e outros documentos produzidos, e a realização de um diário de bordo. O quadro teórico apresenta conceitos e perspectivas que caracterizam o Trabalho de Projecto, a importância do ensino exploratório, as conexões matemáticas, os problemas reais e a modelação matemática no processo de ensino-aprendizagem. A pedagogia do trabalho de projecto envolveu a exploração de histórias com a matemática suportadas pela investigação de problemas reais e numa abordagem experimental. As principais conclusões do estudo permitem afirmar que o Trabalho de Projecto se reflectiu nas aprendizagens dos alunos: desenvolveram o espírito crítico; tornaram-se mais autónomos; mobilizaram os conhecimentos e estabelecerem conexões matemáticas o que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento da competência matemática

The Application of Chironomid Pupal Exuvial Technique (CPET) for Ecological Analysis in a Neotropical Large River System

This field ecological study, based on the chironomid pupal exuvial technique (CPET), is new for the Paraná River and proposes an efficient tool to be used in future ecological approaches and biomonitoring. Drifting of pupal exuviae in a river-floodplain system of the Middle Paraná River floodplain was represented by 34 Chironomidae taxa, being the characteristic association obtained from the CPET: Lopescladius, Onconeura, Paralauterborniella, Polypedilum, and Harnischia complex. Diversity, richness, dominance, total density, and density of dominant taxa were different between the longitudinal and lateral dimensions but not between hydrologic phases, with a greater diversity and richness in the main channel of the river and higher density and dominance in floodplain habitats. The species turnover is the dominant process in structuring studied assemblages in spatial and temporal analysis, increasing in the floodplain habitats and in low-water phase. The results obtained showed that drifting exuviae in the longitudinal axis were coming from different assemblages and environments of a wider area (regional), while exuviae recorded in the connections of the floodplain environments in the lateral dimension could reflect the local assemblages. We demonstrated the ecological value of CPET studies to interpret the attributes of Chironomidae assemblage in river-floodplain systems of large rivers in an integrated way.Instituto de Limnología "Dr. Raúl A. Ringuelet

Microfósiles carbonáticos del Ordovícico Inferior de la Formación San Juan, Argentina: un nuevo tipo de calcitarch y sus implicaciones paleoambientales

The calcareous microfossils present in the Ordovician and Silurian carbonate successions around the world are limited to few studies and their biological affinities and environmental preferences remain indefinite. In the carbonate Ordovician San Juan Formation from the Cerro La Chilca section, a group of calcareous microfossils was recognized and, based on their size, they are included in the calcitarch classification. Two types of calcitarchs have been recognized, Type-III calcitarch: large spheres with a thin to medium wall (diameter ~250 μm), and Type-0 calcitarch: small spheres with a thin wall (diameter ~80 μm). The carbonate microfacies analysis of the lower part of the San Juan Formation allowed defining five successive microfacies: burrowed bioclastic wackestone (M1), peloidal intraclastic packstone-grainstone (M2), intraclastic floatstone (M3), intraclastic wackestone-packstone (M4) and bioclastic boundstone (M5). These microfacies are interpreted to range from shallow subtidal facies below wave action to shoal and reef facies. It is possible to infer that the recovered calcitarchs show variations in size in relation to the facies that contain them. The calcitarchs recognized in wackestone-type facies are the Type-0 calcitarch and those recovered from the packstone-grainstone facies are the Type-III calcitarch. The calcitarch sizes variation probably is related to a gradual increase of energy within a shallow subtidal environment. Occurrences of calcitarchs within the Floian Oepikodus evae-O. intermedius conodont zone extends their fossil record into the Early Ordovician.Fil: Moreno, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras; ArgentinaFil: Mestre, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras; ArgentinaFil: Heredia, Susana Emma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ingeniería. Instituto de Investigaciones Mineras; Argentin

New early Ordovician conodont data from the San Juan Formation, Central Precordillera (Argentina): Biostratigraphic and paleogeographic significance

The Early Ordovician conodont faunas from the Cerro La Chilca and Las Chacritas river sections (Central Precordillera) have been studied and compared to those of the well-known Talacasto section. The vertical distribution of the recovered upper Floian conodonts from Cerro La Chilca and Las Chacritas river sections is presented for the first time, recording the Oepikodus evae and O. intermedius zones, this distribution has been compared to the Talacasto section. The conodonts Bergstroemognathus hubeiensis An, and Microzarkodina n. sp. (sensu Pyle and Barnes) are recorded for the first time in the Precordillera, and these two species are described and illustrated herein. The occurrence of the B. hubeiensis and Microzarkodina n. sp. in the early Ordovician strata of the San Juan Formation, provides significant data related to the ties between Precordillera to Gondwana, peri-Gondwana, and Northwestern of the Midcontinent regions for this time interval, increasing the knowledge about the paleogeographic reconstruction of the western margin of Gondwana. The evidence of biogeographic connections between these regions let to suggest that those were in closer position than previous assumptions or at least that marine currents connected them during the late Lower Ordovician.Fil: Moreno, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Mestre, Ana Paula. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Juan. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera. Universidad Nacional de San Juan. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones de la Geosfera y Biosfera; ArgentinaFil: Heredia, Susana Emma. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Tierra; Argentin

Programa de educación de las emociones: la con-vivencia. Evaluación de su eficacia en la conducta prosocial

La educación de las emociones se sitúa en el marco de la psicología positiva (Seligman, 2000). En el desarrollo humano las emociones juegan un papel fundamental, especialmente, como los patrones de respuesta y ejercen un importante valor adaptativo, personal y social (Fredickson, 2001). Una respuesta emocional adaptada ante las situaciones cotidianas facilita la comunicación tanto con uno mismo y como con los demás. Así, la estimulación de las emociones positivas contribuye al desarrollo de la personalidad y a una mayor calidad de las relaciones interpersonales, favoreciendo una conducta más adaptada y prosocial. Diferentes estudios empíricos constatan que, tanto determinadas emociones, como procesos cognitivos guardan relación con una conducta más prosocial, lo que conduce a una mayor adaptación social (Carlo, Mestre, McGinley, Samper, Tur, y Sandman, 2012; Carlo, Mestre, Samper, Tur y Amenta, 2010; Tur, Mestre y Del Barrio, 2004). Se presenta un programa de educación de las emociones orientado a la mejora de la convivencia en la infancia. Está estructurado en 4 bloques: 1) Conocimiento y gestión de las emociones, 2) Autorregulación de las emociones y autonomía personal, 3) Habilidades de comunicación: Inteligencia emocional y contextual, 4) Habilidades de afrontamiento eficaz y asentamiento social. Se aplica en un rango de edad entre los 7-12 años (Media=9.2; DT=1.5). Aportamos la evaluación de su eficacia en una muestra de 555 menores a través de un diseño Grupo Control (138 menores)-Grupo Experimental (294 menores), con una evaluación pretest de la variable conducta prosocial y una evaluación postest, una vez finalizada la fase de intervención. Los resultados muestran la eficacia del programa y su contribución al desarrollo de emociones positivas como la prosocialidad.The education of the emotions takes place in the context of positive psychology (Seligman, 2000). In human development, the emotions play a key role, especially response patterns, and have an important adaptive, personal and social value (Fredickson, 2001). An emotional response to daily situations facilitates communication with oneself and with others. Thus, stimulation of positive emotions contributes to personality development and a higher quality of interpersonal relationships, favoring a more adapted and prosocial behavior. Several empirical studies find that both certain emotions and cognitive processes are related to more prosocial behavior, which leads to greater social adaptation. (Carlo, Mestre, McGinley, Samper, Tur, y Sandman, 2012; Carlo, Mestre, Samper, Tur y Armenta, 2010; Tur, Mestre y Del Barrio, 2004). We present an Educational program of emotions aimed at improving coexistence among children. It is organized into 4 sections: 1) Knowledge and management of emotions, 2) Self-regulation of emotions and personal autonomy, 3) Communication skills: emotional and contextual intelligence, 4) Effective coping skills and social settlement. The study is applied in an age range of 7-12 years old (Mean=9.2; SD=1.5). We report the evaluation of its effectiveness in a sample of 555 children through the design of a Control Group (138 children) and an Experimental Group (294 children), with a pretest assessment of prosocial behavior variable and a posttest once the data had been collected. The results show the effectiveness of the program and its contribution to the development of positive emotions such as prosociality

Educational program of emotions: the co-existence. The evaluation of the effectiveness in prosocial behavior

La educación de las emociones se sitúa en el marco de la psicología positiva (Seligman, 2000). En el desarrollo humano las emociones juegan un papel fundamental, especialmente, como los patrones de respuesta y ejercen un importante valor adaptativo, personal y social (Fredickson, 2001). Una respuesta emocional adaptada ante las situaciones cotidianas facilita la comunicación tanto con uno mismo y como con los demás. Así, la estimulación de las emociones positivas contribuye al desarrollo de la personalidad y a una mayor calidad de las relaciones interpersonales, favoreciendo una conducta más adaptada y prosocial. Diferentes estudios empíricos constatan que, tanto determinadas emociones, como procesos cognitivos guardan relación con una conducta más prosocial, lo que conduce a una mayor adaptación social (Carlo, Mestre, McGinley, Samper, Tur, y Sandman, 2012; Carlo, Mestre, Samper, Tur y Amenta, 2010; Tur, Mestre y Del Barrio, 2004). Se presenta un programa de educación de las emociones orientado a la mejora de la convivencia en la infancia. Está estructurado en 4 bloques: 1)Conocimiento y gestión de las emociones, 2) Autorregulación de las emociones y autonomía personal, 3) Habilidades de comunicación: Inteligencia emocional y contextual, 4) Habilidades de afrontamiento eficaz y asentamiento social. Se aplica en un rango de edad entre los 7-12 años (Media=9.2; DT=1.5). Aportamos la evaluación de su eficacia en una muestra de 555 menores a través de un diseño Grupo Control (138 menores)-Grupo Experimental (294 menores), con una evaluación pretest de la variable conducta prosocial y una evaluación postest, una vez finalizada la fase de intervención. Los resultados muestran la eficacia del programa y su contribución al desarrollo de emociones positivas como la prosocialidad.The education of the emotions takes place in the context of positive psychology (Seligman, 2000). In human development, the emotions play a key role, especially response patterns, and have an important adaptive, personal and social value (Fredickson, 2001). An emotional response to dailysituations facilitates communication with oneself and with others. Thus, stimulation of positive emotions contributes to personality development and a higher quality of interpersonal relationships, favoring a more adapted and prosocial behavior. Several empirical studies find that both certain emotions and cognitive processes are related to more prosocial behavior, which leads to greater social adaptation. (Carlo, Mestre, McGinley, Samper, Tur, y Sandman, 2012; Carlo, Mestre, Samper, Tur y Armenta, 2010; Tur, Mestre y Del Barrio, 2004). We present an Educational program of emotions aimed at improving coexistence among children. It is organized into 4 sections: 1) Knowledge and management of emotions, 2) Self-regulation of emotions and personal autonomy, 3) Communication skills: emotional and contextual intelligence, 4) Effective coping skills and social settlement. The study is applied in an age range of 7-12 years old (Mean=9.2; SD=1.5). We report the evaluation of its effectiveness in a sample of 555 children through the design of a Control Group (138 children) and an Experimental Group (294 children), with a pretest assessment of prosocial behavior variable and a posttest once the data had been collected. The results show the effectiveness of the program and its contribution to the development of positive emotions such as prosociality.peerReviewe