A contribute to sensory marketing rural tourist experiences

A importância dos cinco sentidos humanos – visão, audição, olfato, paladar e tato – no marketing de experiências turísticas positivas, únicas e memoráveis tem vindo a ser enfatizada no âmbito da investi- gação em turismo. Particularmente, a riqueza multissensorial e a vulnerabilidade dos recursos endógenos existentes nas áreas rurais, com características divergentes do ambiente urbano e potenciadoras de ativi- dades ligadas à natureza e aos ativos rurais, justificam um marketing da experiência turística adequado ao desenvolvimento sustentável das áreas rurais. Considerando o contributo do marketing sensorial para o design de um ambiente potenciador de experiências turísticas desejáveis e para a segmentação de turistas, o presente trabalho pretende refletir sobre o papel dos cinco sentidos no marketing de experiências turísticas que reforcem o desenvolvimento sustentável dos destinos rurais.The role of the five human senses – sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch – in the marketing of positive, unique, and memorable tourist experiences has recently been in focus in tourism studies. Particularly, the countryside embraces fragile local resources rich in multisensory effects, which diverge from urban environment and are related to nature and rural live, which could be explored in the marketing of tourist experiences suitable for sustainable local development. Considering the contribute of sensory marketing to the process of staging the environment for desired tourist experiences to emerge and to the segmentation of rural tourists, this study intends to emphasize the role of the senses in the marketing of tourist experiences which potentiate sustainable rural development

South American Rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus spp.) Envenomation in Dogs in the Semiarid Region of Brazil

Background:  South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus spp.) envenomation is rarely reported in small animals and livestock in Brazil. Minor swelling at the snakebite site, skeletal muscle, and renal damage, and severe neurological signs characterize the crotalic envenomation. This case report aims to present epidemiological, clinical, and pathological data of two cases of Crotalus durissus spp envenomation in dogs in the Northeast of Brazil.Cases: Envenomation by Crotalus durissus spp. was recorded in two dogs in Patos, State of Paraíba, Brazil. In Case 1, the dog presented flaccid paralysis, hyporeflexia, a deficit of cranial nerves, epistaxis, and gingival hemorrhages. Laboratory assay showed proteinuria, myoglobinuria, regenerative thrombocytopenia, and increased serum activities of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The dog was medicated with crotalic antivenom and wholly recovered from local and systemic clinical signs. In Case 2, the dog died and was detected fang marks at the ventral region of the left mandible (two small parallel perforations spaced 2.0 cm apart) at the snakebite site. Cyanosis of the oral cavity, congestion, and hemorrhages in several organs were observed at necropsy. Tubular nephrosis, muscular necrosis, hepatocytes swelling were observed. The owners witnessed snakebites, and the rattlesnakes (Crotalus durissus spp.) identified by the rattle at the end portion of the tail in both cases. Discussion: Natural South American rattlesnake envenomation presents complex clinical signs that makes diagnosis a challenge for veterinary practitioners. The criteria for the correct diagnosis and observed in the two dogs include witness of the snakebite, identification of the snake, detection of fang marks, clinical-pathological findings, and therapeutic response to treatment with specific anti-venom. The dog’s owners did not identify the subspecies of rattlesnakes; however, Crotalus durissus cascavella and Crotalus durissus collilineatus are the only species found in the Northeast region of Brazil. Crotoxin is the primary toxic component of South American rattlesnake, which induces neuromuscular blockage, and neurological signs (skeletal muscle flaccid paralysis, apathy, hyporeflexia, cranial nerve deficits). These clinical signs are similar to those observed in the two dogs. Respiratory distress, cyanosis, pulmonary edema, and hemorrhage are secondary to respiratory muscle paralysis and also detected in a dog (Case 2) with crotalic envenomation. Minor local swelling at the snakebite site,  myotoxicity observed in both dogs (high serum activities of CK and AST - Case 1), degeneration and necrosis of muscle fibers - Case 2), and fang marks observed in Case 2, strengthen the diagnosis of Crotalus durissus envenomation. Nephrotoxicity was also detected in both dogs (increased specific gravity of urine - Case 1 and myoglobin deposition and degeneration of renal epithelial tubular cells - Case 2). Coagulative disorders and hepatotoxicity are infrequently in domestic animals and humans with crotalic envenomation. High serum activities of ALP and ALT in Case 1, and swelling of hepatocytes in Case 2, suggest liver damage associated with the crotalic envenomation. The differential diagnosis of South American rattlesnake envenomation should be included in dogs with acute neuromuscular flaccid paralysis, associated or not with bleeding disorders, myoglobinuria, and acute kidney injury

ESTUDO NÚMERICO DE PERFIL AERODINAMICO

A aerodinâmica vem sendo estudada ao longo da história, com significativo crescimento dos métodos para compreender os efeitos do escoamento de um fluido ao redor de um objeto. Para que seja possível essa aplicação é necessária um estudo dos perfis alares, os quais oferecem a sustentação necessária para o voo, para quantificar as forças atuantes sobre o mesmo. Existem dificuldades para obtenção de resultados representativos por modelamento matemático, devido à complexidade e extensão destes. As dificuldades existentes em experimentos se devem a fatores de escala em túneis de vento e custos defabricação de protótipos. O pacote computacional comercial STAR-CCM+ da CD-Adapco é um programa de simulação numérica baseado no Método de Volume Finitos, e foi utilizado neste trabalho, para simular os efeitos aerodinâmicos dos perfis NACA 64A-318 e MH201 13,08%. Com o Airfoil Tools obteve os perfis similares e comparados um com outro e avaliados: eficiência aerodinâmico, coeficiente de sustentação e coeficiente de arrasto. Através dos resultados obtidos percebeu-se que a modificação possibilitaria ao projeto daaeronave, economia de combustível ou possibilidade de incremento de carga. Palavra-chave: Aerodinâmica, NACA, CD-Adapco, Curvas polares

Preparação e caracterização do complexo de inclusão do óleo essencial de Croton zehntneri com β-ciclodextrina

Croton zehntneri, a plant native to northeastern Brazil, is widely used in folk medicine to treat gastrointestinal problems and has rich essential oil content. The essential oil of C. Zehntneri was analyzed by GC-MS, and its inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was characterized by both vibrational spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Estragol was the major component identified in the essential oil by the study. IR spectra indicated an interaction of β-CD with essential oil from C. zehntneri, a finding corroborated by the stability constant and scanning calorimetry. Microencapsulation within β-CD has the potential to mask sensory attributes and increase aqueous solubility of oils, thereby improving their applicability as drugs

Oral pigmented lesions:a retrospective analysis from Brazil

Pigmented lesions are uncommon in the oral mucosa, and studies investigating the incidence and types of these lesions are desired to improve the diagnostic knowledge of clinicians. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of oral pigmented lesions in a Brazilian population. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. Oral pigmented lesions were retrieved from the files of two oral and maxillofacial pathology services from Brazil over a 45-year period (1974-2019). The clinical data and the diagnoses of each case were retrieved and included in a Microsoft Excel® database. From 77.074 lesions diagnosed in this period, 761 (0.99%) represented pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa, including 351 (46.1%) melanocytic and 410 (53.9%) non-melanocytic lesions, with a higher incidence in females (73.2%) between the fourth and seventh decades of life. Amalgam tattoo (53.6%) represented the most common lesion, followed by melanotic macule (18.3%) and racial pigmentation (10.8%). Other pigmented lesions included nevus (9.9%), post-inflammatory pigmentation (3%), melanoma (2.1%), melanoacanthoma (1.4%), smoker's melanosis (0.4%), drug-induced pigmentation (0.3%), and melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (0.1%). The buccal mucosa was the most commonly affected site (25.2%), followed by the alveolar ridge (14.5%), and gingiva (11.8%). The current findings were similar to previous studies with minor differences due methodology and characteristics of the services from where lesions were retrieved. The knowledge of these data may contribute to a better understanding of oral pigmented lesions and assist clinicians to better recognize and manage them

Oral Kaposi sarcoma development is associated with HIV viral load, CD4+ count and CD4+/CD8+ ratio

Kaposi?s sarcoma (KS) is an uncommon, multifocal and angioproliferative lesion, which demonstrates a poor prognosis. The aim of the present research was to explore the association of HIV viral load, CD4+ and CD8+ counts and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio on the risk of oral Kaposi?s sarcoma (KS) development. A total of 62 patients were retrieved from March 2008 to October 2020 from the files of two oral pathology centres. Clinical, laboratory and follow-up data were retrieved from their medical files. Poisson regression was used to explore the role of history of immunosuppression and its association with oral KS development. A P-value <0.05 was considered significant. Sixty-two patients were included in the present study (32 with oral KS and 30 with no presentation of lesions anywhere on the body). Patients with oral KS presented a mean age of 32.6 years, and male patients were more affected. The hard palate (15 cases; 46.8%) was the main anatomical site affected. The lesions were mostly presented as swellings (13 cases; 40.6%) and nodules (12 cases; 37.5%). Systemic manifestations were also observed, including candidiasis (4 cases; 12.5%), bacterial infection (3 cases; 9.3%), tuberculosis (3 cases; 9.3%), herpes simplex (3 cases; 9.3%) and pneumonia (3 cases; 9.3%). A significant correlation was observed between HIV viral load, CD4+ count and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio with oral KS development. HIV viral load, CD4+ count and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio are associated with oral KS development

Malignant transformation of oral leukoplakia:a multicentric retrospective study in Brazilian population

Among the oral potentially malignant disorders, leukoplakia stands out as the most prevalent. The purpose of this study was to analyse the clinical-pathological features of oral leukoplakia in groups of patients from three major pathology centers in two different regions of Brazil, in order to determine which factors would be associated to the clinical risk of malignant transformation. A total of 148 patients was analyzed, and data regarding gender, age, site, classification of the clinical subtype, harmful habits such as use of tobacco and alcohol, time of evolution and presence of dysplasia were collected. The association between risk factors and malignant transformation was investigated using the chi-square test and Fischer's exact test for correlation of variables. A significance level of 5% (p?0.05) was used. The mean age of the patients was 60 years, and 56% were female. Most of the lesions (34,5%) were located in the lateral and ventral regions of the tongue. Of the 148 patients, ninety had clinical follow-up. Malignant transformation occurred in 13 patients (8.8%), with an average of 44 months of follow up. Non-smoker, nonhomogeneous clinical presentation, location at the tongue, and the presence of high degree of dysplasia were statistically relevant factors associated with a higher risk of transformation transformation

Adherence to Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) in Portuguese-Speaking Countries

Funding Information: National Research Council–CNPq. Process: 159908/2019-1. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.Strengthening strategies to improve adherence to the use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in key populations constitutes a global health priority to be achieved across countries, especially in countries that share a high flow of people such as Brazil and Portugal. This study aimed to analyze the factors associated with adherence to PrEP among MSM from two Portuguese-speaking countries, highlighting the opportunities and preventive strategies for the global health scenario. This was a cross-sectional analytical online survey conducted from January 2020 to May 2021 with MSM in Brazil and Portugal. For analysis of the data, the Poisson regression model was used to estimate the prevalence ratio (PR) for developing a model to evaluate the associated factors in both countries in a comparative and isolated way. Adherence to PrEP use corresponded to 19.5% (n = 1682) of the overall sample: 18.3% (n = 970) for Brazil and 21.5% (n = 712) for Portugal. Having more than two sex partners in the last 30 days (aPR: 30.87) and routinely undergoing HIV tests (aPR: 26.21) increased the use of this medication. Being an immigrant (PR: 1.36) and knowing the partner’s serological status (PR: 1.28) increased adherence to PrEP in Portugal, whereas, in Brazil, it was being an immigrant (PR: 0.83) and not knowing the serological status (PR: 2.24) that promoted the use of this medication. Our findings reinforce the need to invest in programs and strategies to improve access and adherence to PrEP, especially in key populations.publishersversionpublishe

Utilização de checklist para analisar as condições de segurança dos andaimes suspensos / Use of checklist to analyze the security conditions of suspended scaffolding

Este trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar de forma cabível e explícita quais riscos o trabalhador está exposto nas atividades de andaime suspenso mecânico nas obras de construção civil em Mossoró/RN, tal qual, a importância do treinamento e da utilização dos equipamentos de proteção individual (EPI) e equipamentos de proteção coletiva (EPC).Foi aplicado um checklist para analisar as condições de segurança dos andaimes suspensos e identificar possíveis equipamentos que estivessem não conforme com as normas regulamentadoras tratadas nessa pesquisa e que pudessem ocasionar riscos de acidentes aos trabalhadores durante a realização de suas atividades.Foi possível identificar que 70% dos andaimes apresentavam ferrugens;70% apresentavam brechas no piso;80% não possuíam tela na sua estrutura;60%não possuíam a presença da placa sinalizadora da carga máxima; 20% possuíam trabalhadores utilizando devidamente todos os EPIs; 70% eram verificados diariamente antes das atividades; 50% possuíam trabalhadores aptos para realizar atividade em altura, segundo exames médicos; 100% estavam em área distante e protegida de rede elétrica e apenas uma empresa continha um trabalhador com treinamento de capacitação segundo a norma regulamentadora 35

Sobre a Situação Energética Brasileira: de 1970 a 2030

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460X18492In this paper we report, first, the Brazilian energy situation from the major oil crisis in the 1970s.Next, we discuss the period from the 1980s until 2005.Finally, it is projected scenarios from recent past (2005-2013), to the future that begins today and runs until 2030.This is a work for educational purposes, in which we provide compiled data for school research in all levels.No presente trabalho relata-se, primeiramente, a situação energética brasileira a partir da grande crise petrolífera ocorrida na década de 1970. Na sequência, aborda-se o período compreendido entre as décadas de 1980 até 2005. Por fim, projeta-se cenários de um passado recente (de 2005 a 2013), do futuro que começa hoje e vai até 2030. Trata-se de um trabalho com fins educacionais, no qual provemos dados compilados para pesquisas escolares de todos os níveis