Archaeogenomic analysis of the first steps of Neolithization in Anatolia and the Aegean

The Neolithic transition in west Eurasia occurred in two main steps: the gradual development of sedentism and plant cultivation in the Near East and the subsequent spread of Neolithic cultures into the Aegean and across Europe after 7000 cal BCE. Here, we use published ancient genomes to investigate gene flow events in west Eurasia during the Neolithic transition. We confirm that the Early Neolithic central Anatolians in the ninth millennium BCE were probably descendants of local hunter-gatherers, rather than immigrants from the Levant or Iran. We further study the emergence of post-7000 cal BCE north Aegean Neolithic communities. Although Aegean farmers have frequently been assumed to be colonists originating from either central Anatolia or from the Levant, our findings raise alternative possibilities: north Aegean Neolithic populations may have been the product of multiple westward migrations, including south Anatolian emigrants, or they may have been descendants of local Aegean Mesolithic groups who adopted farming. These scenarios are consistent with the diversity of material cultures among Aegean Neolithic communities and the inheritance of local forager know-how. The demographic and cultural dynamics behind the earliest spread of Neolithic culture in the Aegean could therefore be distinct from the subsequent Neolithization of mainland Europe.WoSScopu

Reconciling the stratigraphy and depositional history of the Lycian orogen-top basins, SW Anatolia

Terrestrial fossil records from the SWAnatolian basins are crucial both for regional correlations and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. By reassessing biostratigraphic constraints and incorporating new fossil data, we calibrated and reconstructed the late Neogene andQuaternary palaeoenvironments within a regional palaeogeographical framework. The culmination of the Taurides inSWAnatolia was followed by a regional crustal extension from the late Tortonian onwards that created a broad array of NE-trending orogen-top basins with synchronic associations of alluvial fan, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The terrestrial basins are superimposed on the upper Burdigalian marine units with a c. 7 myr of hiatus that corresponds to a shift from regional shortening to extension. The initial infill of these basins is documented by a transition from marginal alluvial fans and axial fluvial systems into central shallow-perennial lakes coinciding with a climatic shift from warm/humid to arid conditions. The basal alluvial fan deposits abound in fossil macro-mammals of an early Turolian (MN11–12; late Tortonian) age. The Pliocene epoch in the region was punctuated by subhumid/humid conditions resulting in a rise of local base levels and expansion of lakes as evidenced by marsh-swamp deposits containing diverse fossilmammal assemblages indicating late Ruscinian (lateMN15; late Zanclean) ageWe are grateful for the support of the international bilateral project between The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) and The Russian Scientific Foundation (RFBR) with grant a number of 111Y192. M.C.A. is grateful to the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for a GEBIP (Young Scientist Award) grant. T.K. and S.M. are grateful to the Ege University Scientific Research Center for the TTM/002/2016 and TTM/001/2016 projects. M.C.A., H.A., S.M. and M.B. have obtained Martin and Temmick Fellowships at Naturalis Biodiversity Center (Leiden). F.A.D. is supported by a Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Scientific Research Grant. T.A.N. is supported by an Alexander-von-Humboldt Scholarship. L.H.O. received support from TUBITAK under the 2221 program for visiting scientists

Dermoscopic findings in scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis; Two new signs; Signet ring vessel and hidden hair

Background: Psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis are both chronic erythemato-squamous dermatoses that can involve the scalp. It may be difficult to differentiate these two diseases when there is isolated scalp involvement. Recently, trichoscopy is commonly used to differentiate noncicatricial alopecias including psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis that can lead to telogen effluvium (TE). Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the trichoscopic figures that may help to differentiate scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty one with scalp psoriasis and 112 patients with seborrheic dermatitis were enrolled. Trichoscopic examinations were performed using a videodermatoscope (MoleMax 3 ® ). Trichoscopic findings of scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis were compared with each other, with 100 healthy individuals and with other noncicatricial alopecias including female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA) (n: 138), male androgenetic alopecia (n: 63), FAGA of male pattern (FAGA.M) (n: 5), alopecia areata (39), TE (n: 22) and trichotillomania (n: 4). Results: Atypical red vessels, red dots and globules (RDG), signet ring vessels (SRV), structureless red areas and hidden hairs (HH) were statistically more common in psoriasis while twisted red loops and comma vessels (CV) in seborrheic dermatitis. RDG were considered as the characteristic videodermatoscopic figure for psoriasis and arborizing red lines and CV for seborrheic dermatitis. In comparison with previous reports, our study yielded two new trichoscopic structures supporting the diagnosis of psoriasis; HH and SRV. Besides, according to our study, CV were described for the first time in seborrheic dermatitis and considered to be specific for seborrheic dermatitis. Conclusion: This study confirmed that trichoscopy might be useful in differentiating scalp psoriasis and seborrheic dermatitis from each other and from other noncicatricial alopecia with three trichoscopic structures as HH, SRV and CV

Scalp Dermatoscopic Findings in Androgenetic Alopecia and Their Relations with Disease Severity

Background: Clinicians are searching for new methods to diagnose and predict the course of androgenetic alopecia noninvasively. Objective: Our aim is to evaluate trichoscopic findings and their relations with disease severity in and rogenetic alopecia. Methods: The videodermatoscopic findings of 143 female and 63 male patients with androgenetic alopecia were compared with each other, with those. of healthy subjects (n=100), and with those of patients with other nonscarring alopecias (n=208). Mann-Whitney U-test, chi(2) analyses, and logistic regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results: No statistically significant relation was found between trichoscopic findings and severity in male androgenetic alopecia (MAGA) on the basis of the modified Hamilton Norwood scale (among 7 degrees); however, multihair follicular unit and perifollicular pigmentation were related to low severity whereas white dots, honeycomb pattern pigmentation, and brown dots were related to high severity. On the other hand, according to the Ludwig classification, arborizing red lines were related to low severity and brown dots were related to high severity, whereas there was no difference in stages between the Ebling and Olsen classifications in female androgenetic alopecia (FAGA). In the characteristic trichoscopic findings in this study, perifollicular pigmentation was found as a normal feature of the scalp, whereas multihair follicular unit and honeycomb pigment pattern, which were previously considered as normal features, were observed to be related to androgenetic alopecia. Conclusion: No relation was found between MAGA severity and trichoscopic findings, as well as between FAGA severity according to different disease severity classifications and trichoscopic findings

RENK TUTARSIZLIĞI PROBLEMLERİ VE ÇÖZÜMLERİ: BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Renk tutarsızlığı problemi görüntü sahteciliği, görüntü iç boyama, kare jigsaw puzzle, görüntü birleştirme gibi birçok farklı alanı yakından ilgilendiren güncel bir disiplinlerarası problemdir. Ancak literatürde renk tutarsızlığı problemini genel bir çerçevede ele alıp inceleyen herhangi bir araştırma çalışması bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışma ile renk tutarsızlığı problemi ele alınarak genel bir sınıflandırma yöntemi ilk defa önerilmiştir. Bu çalışma sonucunda renk tabanlı yöntemler kullanılarak ilgili problemlerin çözülebileceği ve bu problemlerin çözümünde ağırlıklı olarak RGB, CIE Lab ve YCbCr renk uzaylarının tercih edildiği belirlenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalarda görüntü iç boyama probleminde derin öğrenme algoritmalarının daha fazla kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışmalarda PSNR, SSIM gibi değerlendirme metriklerinin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bu çalışma ile renk tutarsızlığı ile uğraşacak araştırmacılara önemli bir yol haritası sunulmuştur

Trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata and their relation to disease activity, severity and clinical subtype in Turkish patients

Background/ObjectiveTrichoscopic studies of alopecia areata are helpful in the non-invasive diagnosis and prediction of the course of the disease. The objective was to determine the relationship of trichoscopic findings in alopecia areata with disease activity, severity and clinical subtype in Turkish patients

Diffusion tensor imaging can discriminate the primary cell type of intracranial metastases for patients with lung cancer

Purpose: Histopathological differentiation of primary lung cancer is clinically important. We aimed to investigate whether diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters of metastatic brain lesions could predict the histopathological types of the primary lung cancer. Methods: In total, 53 patients with 98 solid metastatic brain lesions of lung cancer were included. Lung tumors were subgrouped as non-small cell carcinoma (NSCLC) (n = 34) and small cell carcinoma (SCLC) (n = 19). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and Fractional anisotropy (FA) values were calculated from solid enhanced part of the brain metastases. The association between FA and ADC values and histopathological subtype of the primary tumor was investigated. Results: The mean ADC and FA values obtained from the solid part of the brain metastases of SCLC were significantly lower than the NSCLC metastases (P 0.909 × 10-3 mm2/s for mean ADC (Sensitivity = 80.3, Specificity = 83.8, PPV = 89.1, NPV = 72.1) and > 0.139 for FA values (Sensitivity = 80.3, Specificity = 54.1, PPV = 74.2, NPV= 62.5) revealed in differentiating NSCLC from NSCLC. Conclusion: DTI parameters of brain metastasis can discriminate SCLC and NSCLC. ADC and FA values of metastatic brain lesions due to the lung cancer may be an important tool to differentiate histopathological subgroups. DTI may guide clinicians for the management of intracranial metastatic lesions of lung cancer

A novel acute phase rehabilitation approach: Vibration therapy in insular glioma patients

Acute phase rehabilitation has beneficial effects on functional results, activities of daily living, mobility and cognition in glioma patient. Two insular glioma patients had acute phase rehabilitation were presented in this study. The Karnofsky Performance Scale, The Stroke Rehabilitation Assesment of Movement Scale, the Berg Balance Scale, and the Functional Independence Measure were used to assess patients. While Case 1 was treated with Neurodevelopmental Therapy (Bobath approach) (12 sessions), Case 2 was treated with cervical vibration in addition to Neurodevelopmental Therapy (15 sessions). Besides observing positive developments in the balance and functional levels of the two cases after treatment, there was more improvement in the balance parameter of Case 2. As a result of the study, cervical vibration application in addition to the rehabilitation program of patients with insular tumor could be useful in terms of balance development. [Med-Science 2018; 7(2.000): 448-50

Case Report / Olgu Sunumu Focal Hand Dystonia as a Sign of Demyelinating Attack in Multiple Sclerosis: Report of Three Cases Multipl Sklerozda Demiyelinizan Atak Bulgusu Olarak Fokal El Distonisi: Üç Olgu Sunumu

Although it is known that dystonia is a basal ganglia disease, dystonic symptoms have been observed in association with lesions of various sites located in sensory and motor pathways. We report three cases of paroxysmal focal hand dystonia, which may be due to the damage of the somatosensorial pathways in the cervical spinal cord. We suggest that the dystonia in our patients may be related to these active demyelinating cervical plaques. Two female and one male patients with definite relapsing remitting Multiple sclerosis (MS) between the ages of 22 to 45 were admitted with serious disability while using their right hands. In all three cases abnormal posture in the right hand and involuntary sustained contractions together with minor choreiform movements of the fingers were observed. Cervical MRI showed contrast-enhancing demyelinating lesions at the level of C2-3 in all patients. One of the patient's cranial MRI revealed also two new contrast-enhancing plaques on the neighbourhood of right posterior lateral ventricle and parietal cortex. No new or enhancing lesion was detected in the basal ganglia; indicating that the cervical spinal cord lesions were responsible for hand dystonia. In one of the patients, the right median somatosensory evoked potential response was absent in accordance with the clinical symptom. All three patients were treated with 1 gr. intravenous methylprednisolone per day for 5-10 days. Distoninin bazal ganglion hastalığı olduğu bilinmesine rağmen, distonik semptomlar sensoriyal ve motor yolların farklı bölgelerindeki lezyonlara bağlı olarak da gelişebilir. Bu makalede servikal spinal kord da somatosensoriyal yolların hasarına bağlı olduğu düşünülen paroksismal fokal el distonisi ile başvuran üç multipl skleroz (MS) hastasını sunmaya değer bulduk. Hastalarımızdaki distonin aktif demiyelinizan servikal plaklar ile ilişkili olduğunu düşündük. Kesin relapsing remitting MS tanılı 22-45 yaş arası iki kadın ve bir erkek hasta sağ ellerini kullanmada güçlük şikayeti ile başvurdu. Her üç olgunun da sağ elinde ısrarlı kontraksiyonlar ile anormal distonik postür ve parmaklarında minör koreiform hareketler vardı. Olguların servikal MRG tetkikinde C2-3 düzeyinde kontrast tutulumu olan demyelinizan lezyonlar gözlendi. Bir hastanın kraniyal MR tetkikinde sağ lateral ventrikül arka bacağı komşuluğunda ve sağ parietal kortekste 2 yeni kontrast tutan plak izlendi. Bazal gangliada, yeni ya da kontrast tutulumu olan plak saptanmaması nedeniyle el distonisinden servikal spinal korddaki lezyonun sorumlu olabileceği düşünüldü. Bir hastada klinik semptom ile ilişkili olarak sağ median somatosensoriyal uyartılmış potansiyel yanıtı elde edilemedi. Tüm hastalar 5-10 gün boyunca 1 gr intravenöz metilprednizolon ile tedavi edildi. Yaklaşık 1 ay içinde şikayetleri tamamen düzelen hastaların kontrol MRG tetkikinde önceki aktif lezyonların tamamen gerilediği izlendi. (Türk Nöroloji Dergisi 2014; 20:141-143) Anah tar Ke li me ler: Multipl skleroz, fokal el distonisi, servikal demiyelinizan plak Çıkar çatışması: Yazarlar bu makale ile ilgili olarak herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirmemişlerdir