Red clover grown in a mixture with grasses: yield, persistence and dynamics of quality characteristics

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) was grown in mixtures with timothy and meadow fescue in field experiments at four sites in Finland to broaden knowledge on its potential as a forage crop. The effects of cutting frequency, nitrogen fertilization in the spring and sward density were investigated. Forage yield quality was analyzed using standard methods. Red clover produced well in all swards during the two first seasons. In the third summer the proportion of red clover was greatly diminished except on sandy soil at the northernmost locality (64°40'N) where it remained productive. Linear regression adequately described the dependence of crude fibre content and crude protein content in dry matter of the primary growth and regrowth, both of red clover and grass, on accumulated temperature sum. The contents of P, K, Ca and Mg in clover and grass are given as a function of accumulated temperature to describe their changes during crop growth. The results give new knowledge about possibilities to grow red clover in the northern livestock region of Finland. They proved that soil type is more important for good persistence of red clover than latitude

Phono-semantically Motivated Lexical Patterns: Evidence from English and Modern Greek.

Generally, linguistic theory assumes that the association between sound and meaning is essentially arbitrary: a meaning can theoretically be represented by almost any set of sounds in a language. This study, however, will show that linguistic signs appear to be less arbitrary and their meaning highly motivated by their sound. In particular, of the sound-symbolic forms, as exposed in Hinton et al (1994), I will confine myself only to those referred to as phonaesthemes (Firth, 1930). In Mela-Athanasopoulou (2001), I argued that phonaesthemes do meet the criteria for being full morphemes, due to their ability to recur with the same meaning at the same position operating as root-forming elements. Here, I will provide a more detailed analysis of the multiple parameters of expressive elements in both English and Modern Greek and indicate that the semantic features of such forms are more evaluative and subjective as well as language specific

A bivariate chromatic polynomial for signed graphs

We study Dohmen--P\"onitz--Tittmann's bivariate chromatic polynomial $c_\Gamma(k,l)$ which counts all $(k+l)$-colorings of a graph $\Gamma$ such that adjacent vertices get different colors if they are $\le k$. Our first contribution is an extension of $c_\Gamma(k,l)$ to signed graphs, for which we obtain an inclusion--exclusion formula and several special evaluations giving rise, e.g., to polynomials that encode balanced subgraphs. Our second goal is to derive combinatorial reciprocity theorems for $c_\Gamma(k,l)$ and its signed-graph analogues, reminiscent of Stanley's reciprocity theorem linking chromatic polynomials to acyclic orientations.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure

Dynamical properties of the Pascal adic transformation

We study the dynamics of a transformation that acts on infinite paths in the graph associated with Pascal's triangle. For each ergodic invariant measure the asymptotic law of the return time to cylinders is given by a step function. We construct a representation of the system by a subshift on a two-symbol alphabet and then prove that the complexity function of this subshift is asymptotic to a cubic, the frequencies of occurrence of blocks behave in a regular manner, and the subshift is topologically weak mixing

Gendered Citizenship: Understanding Violence Against Women in Pakistan

From 2020 to 2021, there has been an increase in violence against women by 255 percent in Pakistan.1 As a democratic state, Pakistan constitutionally recognizes its women as equal citizens but the fear of gendered violence acts as an effective deterrent to women to exercise their rights. My thesis explores the question, why Muslim women who exercise their rights are potentially subject to violence in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. An examination of this question demonstrates the historical roots of violence and their continued effect on the Pakistani Muslim woman as a citizen. Starting from the colonial period, this thesis maps the nexus of the evolving understanding of the ‘Muslim Woman’ to the present gendered laws of the state. It demonstrates and explores the gap between rights given and rights exercised by showing the socio-political conception of the term ‘Muslim’ and ‘woman’ in Pakistan. Narratives of women from the South Asian subcontinent have been cast in the mold of the female character as the helpless victim and presented as human-interest stories to elicit sympathy and pity. This disingenuous label of the ‘victim’ disempowers these women and takes away their stories of resistance and resilience. Keeping this in mind, I have drawn from primary sources such as interviews, documentaries, and newspapers to highlight the voice of women as visible, autonomous beings and to bridge the gap between theory and praxis by focusing on situated experience. 1 Sustainable Social Organization, “Tracking Numbers.

PERISTILAHAN DALAM TRADISI MIARE MASYARAKAT MELAYU SAMBAS

AbstrackThis research is motivated by the interest in the culture of the Malay Sambascommunity, therefore it could be developed in a study. The Sambas dialect ofMalay is one of the regional languages that is interesting to learn for insightand knowledge. The problem that will be discussed in this study is the form ofmeaning contained in the miare tradition of the Malay community of Sambas.This study used a descriptive method in the qualitative form. The sources ofdata in this study are native speakers of Malay language Sambas dialect whounderstand the implementation of the miare tradition. The data in this study areterms contained in the tradition which contain both lexical meaning andcultural meaning. The techniques of data collection are direct observations,interviews, records, dan notes. Furthermore, the tools for data collection are toused the recording tools and stationery to record the data. Based on theresearch results that has been conducted, there are 66 terms in the miaretradition.Keywords: Miare Tradition in Malay Community Sambas, Meaning, Semantic