Two New Tetraphyllidean Cestodes from \u3ci\u3ePotamotrygon circularis\u3c/i\u3e Garman (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) in the Itacnai River, Brazill

The new genus Rhinebothroides is proposed to include three species of Rhinebothriumlike cestodes parasitizing freshwater stingrays in South America. They differ from Rhinebothrium species by having squared rather than elongate bothridia, by possessing internal seminal vesicles, and by exhibiting terminal genitalia at the ovarian level. Rhinebothroides circularisi sp. n. in Potamotrygon circularis from the Itacuai River in northwestern Brazil differs from R. moralarai by having more testes and bothridial loculi and differs from R. scorzai by lacking vitelline follicles proximate to the genital pore, by having a straight rather than coiled vagina, and by possessing craspedote rather than acraspedote proglottids. Potamotrygon circularis from the Itacuai River also hosted Potamotrygonocestus amazonensis sp. n. which differs from the only other member of the genus, P. magdalenensis, by having bothridial hooks 58-78µm long rather than 43-55 µm long, by possessing a shallow genital atrium rather than lacking one, and by having follicular rather than compact vitellaria

Two New Species of \u3ci\u3eAcanthobothrium\u3c/i\u3e Van Beneden 1849 (Cestoidea: Tetraphyllidea) from Freshwater Stingrays in South America

Two new species of Acanthobothrium are reported from freshwater stingrays in northern South America. Acanthobothrium quinonesi sp. n. is described from Potamotrygon magdalenae Dumeril collected from the Magdalena River in northern Colombia and A. amazonensis sp. n. from P. circularis Garman collected in the Itacuai River of northwestern Brazil. Acanthobothrium quinonesi differs from A. amazonensis by having a smaller and anteriorly-curved cirrus sac, 43-60 rather than 50-72 testes, and bothridial hooks 100-142 μm long rather than 145-184 μm long. Characters used in the taxonomy of Acanthobothrium species are listed to show that the new species resemble each other and A. terezae, also from a South American freshwater stingray, more than they do any other members of the genus

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Despite current guidelines, intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery remains widespread. Drains were not associated with earlier detection of intraperitoneal collections, but were associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased risk of surgical-site infections.Background Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice. Methods COMPASS (COMPlicAted intra-abdominal collectionS after colorectal Surgery) was a prospective, international, cohort study which enrolled consecutive adults undergoing elective colorectal surgery (February to March 2020). The primary outcome was the rate of intraperitoneal drain placement. Secondary outcomes included: rate and time to diagnosis of postoperative intraperitoneal collections; rate of surgical site infections (SSIs); time to discharge; and 30-day major postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade at least III). After propensity score matching, multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to estimate the independent association of the secondary outcomes with drain placement. Results Overall, 1805 patients from 22 countries were included (798 women, 44.2 per cent; median age 67.0 years). The drain insertion rate was 51.9 per cent (937 patients). After matching, drains were not associated with reduced rates (odds ratio (OR) 1.33, 95 per cent c.i. 0.79 to 2.23; P = 0.287) or earlier detection (hazard ratio (HR) 0.87, 0.33 to 2.31; P = 0.780) of collections. Although not associated with worse major postoperative complications (OR 1.09, 0.68 to 1.75; P = 0.709), drains were associated with delayed hospital discharge (HR 0.58, 0.52 to 0.66; P < 0.001) and an increased risk of SSIs (OR 2.47, 1.50 to 4.05; P < 0.001). Conclusion Intraperitoneal drain placement after elective colorectal surgery is not associated with earlier detection of postoperative collections, but prolongs hospital stay and increases SSI risk

\u3ci\u3eAcanthobothrium electricolum\u3c/i\u3e sp. n. and \u3ci\u3eA. lintoni\u3c/i\u3e Goldstein, Henson, and Schlicht 1969 (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) from \u3ci\u3eNarcine brasiliensis\u3c/i\u3e (Olfers) (Chondrichthyes: Torpedinidae) in Colombia

Acanthobothrium lintoni and a new species of Acanthobothrium are reported from the lesser electric ray Narcine brasiliensis in Colombia. The new species resembles all other members of the genus parasitizing torpedinids by having a relatively small scolex, long and spinose cephalic peduncle, fewer than 75 testes per proglottid, an indistinct genital atrium, and V-shaped ovaries with ovarian lobes of equal length which do not reach the posterior margin of the cirrus sac. The new species differs from all known species by having bothridial hooks only 46 to 64 μm in total length. A key to the species of Acanthobothrium parasitizing torpedinids is presented

\u3ci\u3eTelorchis gutturosi\u3c/i\u3e sp. n. (Trematoda: Telorchiidae) from \u3ci\u3eGraptemys pseudogeographica\u3c/i\u3e Gray in Nebraska, with Reports of Additional Species of Trematodes from Nebraska Turtles

One species of digenean is described and 8 others reported from turtles in Nebraska. Telorchis gutturosi, described from Graptemys pseudogeographica, resembles T. stossichi, T. pseudoaculeatus, and T. pleroticus in having an acetabulum significantly smaller than the oral sucker, but differs by possessing a pharynx which is as large as the acetabulum and having the ovary only 1/10 the body length from the acetabulum. Telorchis necturi is considered the senior synonym of T. cryptobranchi; Graptemys pseudogeographica is a new host. Hapalorhynchus stunkardi is reported for the first time since its description. Based on new morphological evidence, the generic diagnosis of Hapalorhynchus is emended and a key to the species provided. Spirorchis scripta, S. parvus, Protenes angustus, and Eustomos chelydrae are reported for the first time from Nebraska. Graptemys pseudogeographica is a new host for Heronimus mollis; Kinosternon flavescens is a new host for Telorchis corti

Platyhelminths of Nebraska Turtles with Descriptions of Two New Species of Spirorchiids (Trematoda: Spirorchiidae)

Twenty-one species of platyhelminth parasites are reported from 8 species of turtles collected in Nebraska. Two species of spirorchiids are reported as new. Vasotrema brevitestis sp. n. from Trionyx muticus and T. spiniferus differs from V. amydae Stunkard, 1926, in possessing a relatively shorter, more compact testis, postcecal length equal to one-fifth the body length, a cirrus sac which does not extend to the opposite cecum, and vitellaria composed of discrete follicles more restricted in distribution. Hapalorhynchus foliorchis sp. n. from Chelydra serpentina differs from H. gracilis Stunkard, 1922, in possessing a narrower oral sucker and larger acetabulum, a prominent esophageal constriction, smaller ovary and larger, irregular testes, postcecal space equal to one-sixth the body length, and ventrally oriented uterus. Five other species, Allassostomoides chelydrae, Diarmastorchis blandingi, Vasotrema amydae, V. attenuatum, and Ophiotaenia testudo, are reported for the first time since their description. Nineteen species are reported from Nebraska for the first time. New host records are Trionyx muticus for Vasotrema attenuatum and V. robustum and Graptemys pseudogeographica (Gray) for Allassostomoides chelydrae

Morphological Variation in Natural Infections of \u3ci\u3eOochoristica Bivitellobata\u3c/i\u3e Loewen, 1940 (Cestoidea: Anoplocephalidae)

Three specimens of Cnemidophonls sexlineatus, the six-lined whip tail lizard, collected in the vicinity of Guide Rock and Arapahoe, Nebraska on June 20-21, 1974 were found to be infected with one, three, and fifteen specimens of Oochoristica bivitellobata Loewen, 1940. These worms exhibited variations in morphology not previously reported for the species. Worms were relaxed and killed in ice-water, fixed with AFA, stored in 70% ethanol, stained with Mayer\u27s carmalum or Mayer\u27s hematoxylin, and mounted in Canada balsam for study as whole mounts. Representative specimens have been deposited with the Harold W. Manter Laboratory, University of Nebraska State Museum. Measurements are in microns unless otherwise stated. Diagnosis (measurements based on eleven mature worms; previously reported ranges in parentheses): Length of strobila 28 to 200 mm. (15 to 150 mm.), composed of no more than 21 proglottids complete. Scolex Simple, 450 to 700 long (396); neck 450 to 740 long (425 to 460); suckers 139 to 190 in diameter (115 to 178). Mature proglottids 1.8 to 4.3 mm. long (1.84 to 2.85) and 0.6 to 1.2 mm. wide (0.45 to 0.84); testes 50 to 125 (48 to 106), in median mass occupying posterior half of mature proglottid; genital pore in anterior fifth of proglottid, irregularly alternating; cirrus sac 164 to 410 long (138 to 164) and 89 to 123 wide (57 to 115), containing essentially straight cirrus; ratio of cirrus sac length to proglottid width 1:2 (1:2); vas deferens coiled posteromedian to cirrus sac; ovary alate, lobed, posterior to vas deferens, 240 to 560 wide (198 to 280); vitellaria two compact, irregular lobes between ovary and testes, 260 to 540 wide ( nearly as wide as ovarian lobes ), reservoir median to alae; ootype between ovary and vitellaria, Mehlis\u27 gland prominent. Gravid proglottids 4.7 to 14 mm.long (5.85 to 13) and 0.8 to 1.5 mm. wide (0.5 to 1.32), containing numerous eggs each contained in a capsule in the parenchyma; diameter of eggs 53 (53). Oochoristica bivitellobata was described from Kansas in Cnemidophorus sexlineatus (Loewen, 1940, Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. 59:511-518). Other reports include Utah ill C. t. tigris (Grundmann, 1958, J. Parasit. 45:394); California and Mexico in C. hyperythrus (Bostic, 1965, Southwest Nat. 10:313); Nevada in C. tigris (Babero and Matthias, 1967, Trans. Am. Micr. Soc. 86:173-177); and South Dakota in C. sexlineatus (Dyer, 1971, Proc. Helm. Soc. Wash. 38:256). Nebraska represents a new distribution record for O. bivitellobata. No morphological data has been reported for this species other than that contained in the original description. Our data greatly extends the range of variation in size for the scolex and suckers, mature and gravid proglottids, cirrus sac, ovary and vitellaria, and the range in variation for the number of testes which may be present in a single proglottid. In all cases, the largest measurements are from a worm which was the only cestode present in the host lizard. It has been well documented (Pavlovski and Gnezdilov, 1949, Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 6:755-758; Pavlovski and Gnezdilov, 1953, Zoo!. Zh. 32:165-174) that the size of individual tapeworms is inversely proportional to the number of worms present. This crowding effect phenomenon is reported in natural infections of O. bivitellobata for the first time

\u3ci\u3ePhyllodistomum scrippsi\u3c/i\u3e sp. n. (Digenea: Gorgoderidae) and \u3ci\u3eNeobenedenia girellae\u3c/i\u3e (Hargis, 1955) Yamaguti, 1963 (Monogenea: Capsalidae) from the California Sheephead, \u3ci\u3ePimelometopon pulchrum\u3c/i\u3e (Ayres) (Pisces: Labridae)

Phyllodistomum scrippsi sp. n. is described from the urinary bladder and Neobenedenia girellae is reported from the skin of Pimelometopon pulchrum from La Jolla, California. Phyllodistomum scrippsi differs from P. borisbychowskyi in possessing lobed vitell ari a, fewer extracecal uterine loops, irregular to lobed gonads, and larger eggs; and from P. acceptum in possessing a short esophagus, nondigitiform vitelline lobes, and an oral sucker larger than the acetabulum. An annotated checklist of trematodes parasitizing P. pulchrum is given

Systematic Review of Cestodes Infecting Freshwater Stingrays (Chondrichthyes: Potamotrygonidae) Including Four New Species from Venezuela

Cestode parasites were collected in freshwater stingrays from localities in Colombia, Venezuela. Brazil, and Paraguay. Four new species are described from Venezuela. Potamotrygonocestus orinocoensis sp. n. from Potamotrygon reticulatus in the delta of the Orinoco River resembles P. magdalenensis by having compact rather than follicular vitellaria, but differs by having larger and differently shaped bothridial hooks. Acanthobothrium regoi sp. n. from P. hystrix in the delta of the Orinoco River most closely resembles A. quinonesi, but differs by having larger bothridial hooks. Rhinebothroides glandularis sp. n. from Potamotrygon hystrix in the delta of the Orinoco River most closely resembles R. scorzai by having a coiled vagina and poral ovarian lobes which extend anterior to the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, but differs in numbers of bothridialloculi and testes, and by exhibiting prominent parenchymal gland cells surrounding the terminal male genitalia. Rhinebothroides venezuelensis sp. n. from Potamotrygon hystrix in the delta of the Orinoco River and P. yepezi from the Río Cachirí, Zulia, Venezuela, resembles R. moralarai and R. circularisi by having a straight vagina and poral ovarian lobes not extending anteriorly beyond the posterior margin of the cirrus sac, but differs in testes number and number of bothridial loculi

Intraperitoneal drain placement and outcomes after elective colorectal surgery: international matched, prospective, cohort study

Many surgeons routinely place intraperitoneal drains after elective colorectal surgery. However, enhanced recovery after surgery guidelines recommend against their routine use owing to a lack of clear clinical benefit. This study aimed to describe international variation in intraperitoneal drain placement and the safety of this practice