Marketing político y desinformación

Las nuevas técnicas de microsegmentación permiten el perfilado político de la ciudadanía a través de sus redes sociales. Se investiga el acceso a estos datos personales y su relación con la difusión de noticias falsas o fake news , el fenómeno de la posverdad y la desinformación social generalizada en un contexto político-electoral. Concretamente , se plantea esta coyuntura bajo la visión del impacto que el monopolio de la información en manos de grandes empresas privadas provoca en el ideal de democracia e institución de opinión pública libre. Finalmente se pasa a comentar la legislación existente en materia de protección de datos digitales, y que uso de éstos permite la ley española en sus procesos electorales. Palabras clave: microsegmentación, procesos electorales, perfilado político, datos personales, posverdad, desinformación, grandes empresas privadas, monopolio de la información, democracia, globalización.Emerging micro segmentation techniques now common in political and/or electoral campaigns allow political profiling of the citizens targeted through their social media. We investigate the access to these personal data and their relationship with the dissemination of fake news, the post-truth phenomenon and the generalized social disinformation. More specifically, this situation is considered from the point of view of the impact that the monopoly of information in the power of great private companies has on the ideal of democracy and the institution of free public opinion. Finally, an analysis is made on the existing legislation related with digital data protection and the use of these data allowed by the Spanish electoral law in its electoral processes.Departamento de Derecho Penal e Historia y Teoría del DerechoGrado en Derech

IL-6 serum levels predict severity and response to tocilizumab in COVID-19: An observational study

Background: Patients with coronavirus disaese 2019 (COVID-19) can develop a cytokine release syndrome that eventually leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome requiring invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Because IL-6 is a relevant cytokine in acute respiratory distress syndrome, the blockade of its receptor with tocilizumab (TCZ) could reduce mortality and/or morbidity in severe COVID-19. Objective: We sought to determine whether baseline IL-6 serum levels can predict the need for IMV and the response to TCZ. Methods: A retrospective observational study was performed in hospitalized patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Clinical information and laboratory findings, including IL-6 levels, were collected approximately 3 and 9 days after admission to be matched with preadministration and postadministration of TCZ. Multivariable logistic and linear regressions and survival analysis were performed depending on outcomes: need for IMV, evolution of arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio, or mortality. Results: One hundred forty-six patients were studied, predominantly males (66%); median age was 63 years. Forty-four patients (30%) required IMV, and 58 patients (40%) received treatment with TCZ. IL-6 levels greater than 30 pg/mL was the best predictor for IMV (odds ratio, 7.1; P < .001). Early administration of TCZ was associated with improvement in oxygenation (arterial oxygen tension/fraction of inspired oxygen ratio) in patients with high IL-6 (P = .048). Patients with high IL-6 not treated with TCZ showed high mortality (hazard ratio, 4.6; P = .003), as well as those with low IL-6 treated with TCZ (hazard ratio, 3.6; P = .016). No relevant serious adverse events were observed in TCZ-treated patients. Conclusions: Baseline IL-6 greater than 30 pg/mL predicts IMV requirement in patients with COVID-19 and contributes to establish an adequate indication for TCZ administrationThis study was funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO) and Instituto de Salud Carlos III (grant nos. RD16/0011/0012 and PI18/ 0371 to I.G.A., grant no. PI19/00549 to A.A., and grant no. SAF2017-82886-R to F.S.-M.) and co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund. The study was also funded by ‘‘La Caixa Banking Foundation’’ (grant no. HR17-00016 to F.S.-M.) and ‘‘Fondos Supera COVID19’’ by Banco de Santander and CRUE. None of these sponsors have had any role in study design; in the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publicatio

Clustering COVID-19 ARDS patients through the first days of ICU admission. An analysis of the CIBERESUCICOVID Cohort

Background Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) can be classified into sub-phenotypes according to different inflammatory/clinical status. Prognostic enrichment was achieved by grouping patients into hypoinflammatory or hyperinflammatory sub-phenotypes, even though the time of analysis may change the classification according to treatment response or disease evolution. We aimed to evaluate when patients can be clustered in more than 1 group, and how they may change the clustering of patients using data of baseline or day 3, and the prognosis of patients according to their evolution by changing or not the cluster.Methods Multicenter, observational prospective, and retrospective study of patients admitted due to ARDS related to COVID-19 infection in Spain. Patients were grouped according to a clustering mixed-type data algorithm (k-prototypes) using continuous and categorical readily available variables at baseline and day 3.Results Of 6205 patients, 3743 (60%) were included in the study. According to silhouette analysis, patients were grouped in two clusters. At baseline, 1402 (37%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2341(63%) in cluster 2. On day 3, 1557(42%) patients were included in cluster 1 and 2086 (57%) in cluster 2. The patients included in cluster 2 were older and more frequently hypertensive and had a higher prevalence of shock, organ dysfunction, inflammatory biomarkers, and worst respiratory indexes at both time points. The 90-day mortality was higher in cluster 2 at both clustering processes (43.8% [n = 1025] versus 27.3% [n = 383] at baseline, and 49% [n = 1023] versus 20.6% [n = 321] on day 3). Four hundred and fifty-eight (33%) patients clustered in the first group were clustered in the second group on day 3. In contrast, 638 (27%) patients clustered in the second group were clustered in the first group on day 3.Conclusions During the first days, patients can be clustered into two groups and the process of clustering patients may change as they continue to evolve. This means that despite a vast majority of patients remaining in the same cluster, a minority reaching 33% of patients analyzed may be re-categorized into different clusters based on their progress. Such changes can significantly impact their prognosis

The evolution of the ventilatory ratio is a prognostic factor in mechanically ventilated COVID-19 ARDS patients

Background: Mortality due to COVID-19 is high, especially in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. The purpose of the study is to investigate associations between mortality and variables measured during the first three days of mechanical ventilation in patients with COVID-19 intubated at ICU admission. Methods: Multicenter, observational, cohort study includes consecutive patients with COVID-19 admitted to 44 Spanish ICUs between February 25 and July 31, 2020, who required intubation at ICU admission and mechanical ventilation for more than three days. We collected demographic and clinical data prior to admission; information about clinical evolution at days 1 and 3 of mechanical ventilation; and outcomes. Results: Of the 2,095 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the ICU, 1,118 (53.3%) were intubated at day 1 and remained under mechanical ventilation at day three. From days 1 to 3, PaO2/FiO2 increased from 115.6 [80.0-171.2] to 180.0 [135.4-227.9] mmHg and the ventilatory ratio from 1.73 [1.33-2.25] to 1.96 [1.61-2.40]. In-hospital mortality was 38.7%. A higher increase between ICU admission and day 3 in the ventilatory ratio (OR 1.04 [CI 1.01-1.07], p = 0.030) and creatinine levels (OR 1.05 [CI 1.01-1.09], p = 0.005) and a lower increase in platelet counts (OR 0.96 [CI 0.93-1.00], p = 0.037) were independently associated with a higher risk of death. No association between mortality and the PaO2/FiO2 variation was observed (OR 0.99 [CI 0.95 to 1.02], p = 0.47). Conclusions: Higher ventilatory ratio and its increase at day 3 is associated with mortality in patients with COVID-19 receiving mechanical ventilation at ICU admission. No association was found in the PaO2/FiO2 variation

100 años investigando el mar. El IEO en su centenario (1914-2014).

Se trata de un libro que pretende divulgar a la sociedad las principales investigaciones multidisciplinares llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante su primer siglo de vida, y dar a conocer la historia del organismo, de su Sede Central y de los nueve centros oceanográficos repartidos por los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, en la península y archipiélagos.Kongsberg 20

Creació de material multimèdia a l´àrea de ciències socials per a l´educació d´adults a partir d´una investigació sobre els fonaments de l´aprenentatge a aquesta edat

This article presents a study of the characteristics of students enrolled in the Artistic Manifestations module at an adult education school. Material was prepared on the basis of the results of the study that would respond to their educational needs and characteristics. The most important point that the results of the study brought up was the need to reconsider the most suitable teaching methods for incorporating ICTs into the classroom, since the students in the study declared that audiovisual and computer material makes learning easier. The result, set forth in the second part of the study, is a presentation of a website and slides in a trilingual (Catalan, English and Spanish) PowerPoint on the teaching unit entitled �Cultures Antigues, Ancient Cultures, Culturas Clásicas� from the Artistic Manifestations module of the fourth year of secondary education for adults.S'exposa un estudi sobre les característiques i necessitats formatives de l'alumnat d'un centre d'educació d'adults. Els objectius són conèixer quins són els mitjans i metodologies d�aprenentatge preferits pels alumnes i dissenyar un material per a l'assignatura 'Manifestacions Artístiques' que atengui aquestes preferències. S'emprà el qüestionari com a instrument de recollida de dades. Els resultats denoten que el material audiovisual és considerat molt útil per a l'aprenentatge. Seguidament, es desenvolupa el procediment per a la creació de la unitat didàctica Cultures Antigues, Ancient Cultures, Culturas Clásicas. Es tracta d'un recurs audiovisual en versió trilingüe (català, anglès i castellà) i adreçat a quart curs d'ensenyament secundari d'educació d'adults

Creació de material multimèdia a l'àrea de ciències socials per a l'educació d'adults a partir d'una investigació sobre els fonaments de l'aprenentatge en aquesta edat. Projecte d'innovació

Resumen tomado de la publicaciónSe expone un estudio sobre las características y necesidades formativas del alumnado de un centro de educación de adultos. Los objetivos son conocer cuáles son los medios y metodologías de aprendizaje preferidas por los alumnos y diseñar un material de estudio para la asignatura 'Manifestaciones Artísticas' que se adapte a estas preferencias. Se utilizó el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos. Los resultados denotan que el material audiovisual es considerado muy útil para el aprendizaje. Seguidamente, se desarrolla el proceso para la creación de la unidad didáctica 'Cultures Antigues, Ancient Cultures, Culturas Clásicas'. Se trata de un recurso audiovisual en versión trilingüe (catalán, inglés y castellano) y dirigido a cuarto curso de enseñanza secundaria de educación de adultos.BalearesRedined Illes Balears; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Edifici Guillem Cifre de Colonya. Ctra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5; 07122 Palma; Tel. +34971172792; Fax +34971173190; [email protected]

InnovIB. Recursos i recerca educativa de les Illes Balears

Resumen tomado parcialmente del autorSe expone un estudio sobre las características y necesidades formativas del alumnado de un centro de educación de adultos. Los objetivos son conocer cuáles son los medios y metodologías de aprendizaje preferidas por los alumnos y diseñar un material de estudio para la asignatura 'Manifestaciones Artísticas' que se adapte a estas preferencias. Se utilizó el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos. Los resultados denotan que el material audiovisual es considerado muy útil para el aprendizaje. Seguidamente, se desarrolla el proceso para la creación de la unidad didáctica 'Cultures Antigues, Ancient Cultures, Culturas Clásicas'. Se trata de un recurso audiovisual en versión trilingüe (catalán, inglés y castellano) y dirigido a cuarto curso de enseñanza secundaria de educación de adultos.S'exposa un estudi sobre les característiques i necessitats formatives de l'alumnat d'un centre d'educació d'adults. Els objectius són conèixer quins són els mitjans i metodologies d'aprenentage preferits pels alumnes i dissenyar un material per a l'assignatura 'Manifestacions Artístiques' que atengui aquestes preferències. S'emprà el qüestionari com a instrument de recollida de dades. Els resultats denoten que el material audiovisual és considerat molt útil per a l'aprenentatge. Seguidament, es desenvolupa el procediment per a la creació de la unitat didàctica 'Cultures Antigues, Ancient Cultures, Culturas Clásicas'. Es tracta d'un recurs audiovisual en versió trilingüe (català, anglès i castellà) i adreçat a quart curs d'ensenyament secundari d'educació d'adults.BalearesRedined Illes Balears; Universitat de les Illes Balears. Edifici Guillem Cifre de Colonya. Ctra. de Valldemossa, Km 7,5; 07122 Palma; +34971172792; +34971173190; [email protected]