Saúde em trabalhadores de uma universidade peruana: o papel das variáveis pessoais, comprometimento e burnout

University teaching quality depends on the workforce of the institution, both teachers and administrative staff. Considering this population has been little investigated, the present study aims to know the role of variables (sociodemographic and behavioral), burnout and work engagement on physical and mental health in a group of workers in a private university in Lima, Peru. In order to achieve this goal, mental and physical health (SF-36), burnout (MBI) and work engagement (UWES) were assessed in a group of 512 university personnel from Lima, Peru. Results showed that, even when they keep a good physical functioning, there`re high report psychosomatic complaint, low energy, pain problems, overweight and poor health behavior. No differences between sex, age or type of  work  were  found.The  variables that better predicted physical and mental health were hours of sleep, work engagement, especially “vigor” component; as well as burnout components “emotional exhaustion” and “professional efficacy”. Moreover, “Cynicism” predicts mental health, but not physical health. Results provide important information about workers health promotion.La calidad de enseñanza de una universidad depende de los trabajadores de la institución, tanto docentes como administrativos. Considerando que el perfil de salud de esta población ha sido poco estudiado, la presente investigación busca conocer el rol de variables personales (sociodemográficas y conductuales), compromiso y burnout con la salud física y mental de una muestra de trabajadores de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. Para ello, se evaluó la salud mental y física (SF-36), burnout (MBI) y compromiso laboral (UWES) en una muestra de 512 docentes y administrativos. Los resultados muestran que pese a mantener un nivel de funcionamiento físico adecuado, existe en los trabajadores la presencia de quejas psicosomáticas, baja vitalidad, problemas de dolor, un alto reporte de sobrepeso y cierto deterioro en las conductas de salud. No se encontraron diferencias según sexo, edad, ni tipo de trabajador. Las variables que mejor predicen la salud física y mental de la muestra son las horas de sueño; el compromiso laboral, especialmente el componente “vigor”; así como los componentes del burnout “agotamiento emocional” y “eficacia” de la variable burnout. Asimismo, se observa que el área “cinismo” tiene un rol importante en la salud mental, mas no en la salud física. Los resultados dan luces sobre cómo abordar la promoción de la salud de los trabajadores.La qualité de l’enseignement dans une université dépend des travailleurs de l’établissement, tant les enseignants que les administrateurs. Considérant que le profil de santé de cette population a été peu étudié, cette recherche cherche à connaître le rôle des variables personnelles (sociodémographiques et comportementales), de l’engagement et de l’épuisement professionnel avec la santé physique et mentale d’un échantillon de travailleurs d’une université privée à Lima. , Pérou. Pour cela, la santé mentale et physique (SF-36), l’épuisement professionnel (MBI) et l’engagement au travail (UWES) ont été évalués auprès d’un échantillon de 512 enseignants et administrateurs. Les résultats montrent que malgré le maintien d’un niveau de fonctionnement physique adéquat, il existe chez les travailleurs des plaintes psychosomatiques, une faible vitalité, des problèmes de douleur, un rapport élevé de surpoids et une certaine détérioration des comportements de santé. Aucune différence n’a été constatée selon le sexe, l’âge ou le type de travailleur. Les variables qui prédisent le mieux la santé physique et mentale de l’échantillon sont les heures de sommeil ; l’engagement au travail, en particulier la composante « vigueur » ; ainsi que les composantes du burnout « épuisement émotionnel » et « efficacité » de la variable burnout. De même, on observe que le domaine «cynisme» a un rôle important dans la santé mentale, mais pas dans la santé physique. Les résultats éclairent la manière d’aborder la promotion de la santé des travailleurs.A qualidade do ensino em uma universidade depende dos trabalhadores da instituição, tanto professores quanto administradores. Considerando que o perfil de saúde dessa população foi pouco estudado, esta pesquisa busca conhecer o papel das variáveis pessoais e laborais na saúde de uma amostra de trabalhadores de uma universidade privada de Lima, Peru. Para isso, foram avaliados saúde mental e física (SF-36), burnout (MBI) e comprometimento com o trabalho (UWES) em uma amostra de 512 professores e administradores. Os resultados mostram que apesar da manutenção de um nível adequado de funcionamento físico, há nos trabalhadores a presença de queixas psicossomáticas, baixa vitalidade, problemas álgicos, alto índice de sobrepeso e certa deterioração nos comportamentos de saúde. Não foram encontradas diferenças de acordo com sexo, idade ou tipo de trabalhador. As variáveis que melhor predizem a saúde física e mental da amostra são as horas de sono; empenho no trabalho, especialmente a componente “vigor”; bem como os componentes de burnout “exaustão emocional” e “eficácia” da variável burnout. Da mesma forma, observa-se que a área do “cinismo” tem um papel importante na saúde mental, mas não na saúde física. Os resultados lançam luz sobre como abordar a promoção da saúde do trabalhador

Abordagem à saúde e ao bem-estar em universitários: importância das variáveis sócio-demográficas, acadêmicas e comportamentais

The aims of the study were to evaluate health and well-being among a sample of Peru-vian students attending a private university and identify sociodemographic, academic and behavioral variables associated with them. The study assessed 1073 students; the majority reported a positive perception of their health but there is evidence of physical and psychological symptoms. Multiple regression analyses were performed for each health indicator, and there were small but robust models for Global Perceived Health (R2 = .16, p <.001) Physical Health (R2 = .09, p <.001) and Mental Health (R2 = .15, p <.001). Regarding well being, models were found for Positive Affect (R2 = .16, p <.001), Negative Affect (R2 = .15, p <.001) and Flourishing (R2 = .19, p <.001). These findings support the need for health promotion initiatives in universities.El presente estudio pretende aproximarse a la salud y bienestar en un grupo de estudiantes de una universitaria privada de Lima, Perú. Para ello, describe aspectos asociados a las mismas y analiza de qué manera variables sociodemográficas, académicas y conductuales inciden en ella. El estudio contó con 1073 estudiantes y se encontró que presentan una percepción levemente positiva de su salud pero con importante presencia de sintomatología física y psicológica. Se realizaron análisis de regresión múltiple para cada indicador de salud, hallándose modelos pequeños pero robustos para Salud Percibida Global (R2=.16, p < .001) Salud Física (R2=.09, p < .001) y Salud Mental (R2=.15, p < .001). Respecto al bienestar, se encontraron modelos para Afecto Positivo (R2=.16, p < .001), Afecto Negativo (R2=.15, p< .001) y Florecimiento (R2=.19, p < .001). Se espera que los resultados ayuden a impulsar iniciativas para la promoción de la salud en la universidad.L’objectif de l’étude était d’analyser la situation en matière de santé et de bien-être dans un groupe d’étudiants d’une université privée péruvienne et d’analyser comment les variables sociodémographiques, académiques et comportementales l’affectent. L’étude avait un échantillon de 1073 étudiants. Il a été constaté que dans la majorité une perception positive de leur santé prévalait mais avec la présence de symptômes physiques et psychologiques. Des analyses de régression multiples ont été effectuées pour chaque indicateur de santé, trouvant des modèles pour la santé générale perçue (R2 = 0,16, p <.001), la santé physique (R2 = .09, p <.001) et la santé mentale (R2 = .15, p <.001). Concernant le bien-être, des modèles d’affect positifs (R2 = .16, p <.001), d’affect négatifs (R2 = .15, p <.001) et l’épanouissement (R2 = .19, p <.001) ont été trouvés. Les résultats devraient aider à stimuler les initiatives de promotion de la santé à l’université.Este estudo tem como objetivo se aproximar à saúde e ao bem-estar em um grupo de estudantes de uma universidade privada em Lima, Peru. Para isso, descrevessem aspectos associados e analisa como as variáveis sociodemográficas, acadêmicas e comportamentais os afetam. Participaram d estudo 1073 estudantes e descobriu-se que eles tinham uma per-cepção ligeiramente positiva de sua saúde, mas com uma presença significativa de sintomas físicos e psicológicos. Análises de regressão múltipla foram realizadas para cada indicador de saúde, encontrando modelos pequenos mas robustos, para a Saúde Geral Percebida (R2= .16, p < .001) Saúde Física (R2= .09, p < .001) e Saúde Mental (R2= .15, p < .001). Em relação ao bem-estar, foram encontrados modelos para Afeto Positivo (R2= .16, p < .001), Afeto Negativo (R2= .15, p < .001) e Florescimento (R2= .19, p < .001). Os resultados devem ajudar a impulsionar as iniciativas de promoção da saúde na universidade

Variáveis preditoras do compromisso laboral e académico em trabalhadores e estudantes de uma universidade peruana

Objective. To analyze the personal, psychological and labor or academic variables that predict engagement in workers (professors and administrative workers) and students of a Peruvian university. Study 1 analyzes work engagement; Study 2, academic engagement. Method. The participants were 512 workers and 1078 students from a private university in Lima, Peru. All were administered the SF-36, the Affectivity and Flourishing scales  that assess well-being, the Work or Academic UWES-9 and the scales of Professional Self-efficacy of the MBI for the workers, and the Academic Self-efficacy for students. Results. The predictive variables most significant for work engagement were job satisfaction ( β = 0.34, p < 0.001), professional self-efficacy ( β = 0.021, p < 0.001) and flourishing ( β =0.21, p <0.001); for academic engagement: satisfaction with the career ( β = 0.35, p < 0.001), flourishing ( β = 0.33, p < 0.001) and academic self-efficacy ( β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The predictive variables of engagement were similar in both studies. The most important ones were satisfaction with work or career, self-efficacy and flourishing, which is the dimension of well-being that entails a purposeful life, characterized by positive and gratifying social relationships.Objetivo. Analizar las variables personales, psicológicas y laborales o académicas que predicen el compromiso en trabajadores (docentes y administrativos) y estudiantes de una universidad peruana. El estudio 1 analiza el compromiso laboral, y el estudio 2, el compromiso académico. Método. En el estudio participaron 512 trabajadores y 1078 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. A todos se les administró el SF-36, las escalas de Afectividad y Florecimiento que evalúan bienestar, la UWES-9 laboral o académica y la Escala de Eficacia Profesional del MBI para trabajadores y la de Autoeficacia Académica para los estudiantes. Resultados. Las variables predictoras m á s significativas del compromiso laboral fueron satisfacción con el trabajo ( β = 0.34, p < 0.001), eficacia profesional ( β = 0.21, p < 0.001) y florecimiento ( β = 0.21, p < 0.001), y las del compromiso académico, satisfacción con la carrera ( β = 0.35, p < 0.001), florecimiento ( β = 0.33, p < 0.001) y autoeficacia académica ( β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusiones. Las variables predictoras del compromiso fueron similares en ambos estudios. Destacan la satisfacción con el trabajo o la carrera, la autoeficacia y el florecimiento, que es la dimensión del bienestar que supone una vida con sentido, caracterizada por la presencia de vínculos positivos y gratificantes.Escopo. Analisar as variáveis pessoais, psicológicas e laborais ou académicas que predizem o compromisso em trabalhadores (docentes ou administrativos) e estudantes de uma universidade peruana. O estudo 1 analisa o compromisso laboral, e o estudo 2, o compromisso académico. Metodologia. No estudo participaram 512 trabalhadores e 1078 estudantes de uma universidade privada de Lima, Perú. A todos foi administrado o SF-36, as escadas de Afetividade e Floração que avaliam o bem-estar, a UWES-9 laboral ou académica e a Escada de Eficácia Profissional do MBI para trabalhadores e a de Autoeficácia Académica para os estudantes. Resultados. As variáveis preditoras mais significativas do compromisso laboral foram satisfação com o trabalho ( β = 0.34, p < 0.001), eficácia profissional ( β = 0.34, p < 0.001) e floração ( β = 0.21, p < 0.001), e as de compromisso académico, satisfação com a carreira ( β = 0.35, p < 0.001), floração ( β = 0.33, p < 0.001) e a autoeficácia académica ( β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusão. As variáveis preditoras do compromisso foram similares nos dois estudos. Destacam a satisfação com o trabalho ou carreira, a autoeficácia e a floração, que é uma dimensão do bem-estar que supõe uma vida com sentido, caracterizada pela presença de vínculos positivos e gratificantes

Variables predictoras del compromiso laboral y académico en trabajadores y estudiantes de una universidad peruana

Objective. To analyze the personal, psychological and labor or academic variables that predict engagement in workers (professors and administrative workers) and students of a Peruvian university. Study 1 analyzes work engagement; Study 2, academic engagement. Method. The participants were 512 workers and 1078 students from a private university in Lima, Peru. All were administered the SF-36, the Affectivity and Flourishing scales that assess well-being, the Work or Academic UWES-9 and the scales of Professional Self-efficacy of the MBI for the workers, and the Academic Self-efficacy for students. Results. The predictive variables most significant for work engagement were job satisfaction (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), professional self-efficacy (β = 0.021, p < 0.001) and flourishing (β = 0.21, p < 0.001); for academic engagement: satisfaction with the career (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), flourishing (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) and academic self-efficacy (β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusion. The predictive variables of engagement were similar in both studies. The most important ones were satisfaction with work or career, self-efficacy and flourishing, which is the dimension of well-being that entails a purposeful life, characterized by positive and gratifying social relationships. Objetivo. Analizar las variables personales, psicológicas y laborales o académicas que predicen el compromiso en trabajadores (docentes y administrativos) y estudiantes de una universidad peruana. El estudio 1 analiza el compromiso laboral, y el estudio 2, el compromiso académico. Método. En el estudio participaron 512 trabajadores y 1078 estudiantes de una universidad privada de Lima, Perú. A todos se les administró el SF-36, las escalas de Afectividad y Florecimiento que evalúan bienestar, la UWES-9 laboral o académica y la Escala de Eficacia Profesional del MBI para trabajadores y la de Autoeficacia Académica para los estudiantes. Resultados. Las variables predictoras más significativas del compromiso laboral fueron satisfacción con el trabajo (β = 0.34, p < 0.001), eficacia profesional (β = 0.21, p < 0.001) y florecimiento (β = 0.21, p < 0.001), y las del compromiso académico, satisfacción con la carrera (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), florecimiento (β = 0.33, p < 0.001) y autoeficacia académica (β = 0.19, p < 0.001). Conclusión. Las variables predictoras del compromiso fueron similares en ambos estudios. Destacan la satisfacción con el trabajo o la carrera, la autoeficacia y el florecimiento, que es la dimensión del bienestar que supone una vida con sentido, caracterizada por la presencia de vínculos positivos y gratificantes

Biodegradation of lignocellulosics: microbial, chemical, and enzymatic aspects of the fungal attack of lignin

Wood is the main renewable material on Earth and is largely used as building material and in paper-pulp manufacturing. This review describes the composition of lignocellulosic materials, the different processes by which fungi are able to alter wood, including decay patterns caused by white, brown, and soft-rot fungi, and fungal staining of wood. The chemical, enzymatic, and molecular aspects of the fungal attack of lignin, which represents the key step in wood decay, are also discussed. Modern analytical techniques to investigate fungal degradation and modification of the lignin polymer are reviewed, as are the different oxidative enzymes (oxidoreductases) involved in lignin degradation. These include laccases, high redox potential ligninolytic peroxidases (lignin peroxidase, manganese peroxidase, and versatile peroxidase), and oxidases. Special emphasis is given to the reactions catalyzed, their synergistic action on lignin, and the structural bases for their unique catalytic properties. Broadening our knowledge of lignocellulose biodegradation processes should contribute to better control of wood-decaying fungi, as well as to the development of new biocatalysts of industrial interest based on these organisms and their enzymes. [Int Microbiol 2005; 8(3):195-204

RiSD: a methodology for building i* strategic dependency models

Goal-oriented models have become a consolidated type of artefact in various software and knowledge engineering activities. Several languages exist for representing such type of models but there is a lack of associated methodologies for guiding their construction up to the necessary level of detail. In this paper we present RiSD, a methodology for building Strategic Dependency (SD) models in the i* notation. RiSD is defined in a prescriptive way to reduce uncertainness when constructing the model. RiSD also tackles two fundamental issues: on the one hand, it tends to reduce the average size of the resulting models and, on the other hand, it allows including some traceability relationships in the resulting models. As a result, we may say that RiSD increases the understandability of goal-oriented models whilst improving all construction.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Mitofusins modulate the increase in mitochondrial length, bioenergetics and secretory phenotype in therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells

Cellular senescence is an endpoint of chemotherapy, and targeted therapies in melanoma and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) can affect tumor growth and microenvironment, influencing treatment outcomes. Metabolic interventions can modulate the SASP, and an enhanced mitochondrial energy metabolism supports resistance to therapy in melanoma cells. Herein, we assessed the mitochondrial function of therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells obtained after exposing the cells to temozolomide (TMZ), a methylating chemotherapeutic agent. Senescence induction in melanoma was accompanied by a substantial increase in mitochondrial basal, ATP-linked, and maximum respiration rates and in coupling efficiency, spare respiratory capacity, and respiratory control ratio. Further examinations revealed an increase in mitochondrial mass and length. Alterations in mitochondrial function and morphology were confirmed in isolated senescent cells, obtained by cell-size sorting. An increase in mitofusin 1 and 2 (MFN1 and 2) expression and levels was observed in senescent cells, pointing to alterations in mitochondrial fusion. Silencing mitofusin expression with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) prevented the increase in mitochondrial length, oxygen consumption rate and secretion of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a component of the SASP, in melanoma senescent cells. Our results represent the first in-depth study of mitochondrial function in therapy-induced senescence in melanoma. They indicate that senescence increases mitochondrial mass, length and energy metabolism; and highlight mitochondria as potential pharmacological targets to modulate senescence and the SASP.Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación FCE_1_2017_1_13602

A comparative analisys of i*-based agent-oriented modeling languages

Agent-oriented models are frequently used in disciplines such as requirements engineering and organizational process modelling. i* is currently one of the most widespread notations used for this purpose. Due to its strategic nature, instead of a single definition, there exist several versions and variants, often not totally defined and even contradictory. In this paper we present a comparative study of the three most widespread i* variants: Eric Yu’s seminal proposal, the Goal-oriented Requirement Language (GRL) and the language used in the TROPOS method. Next, we propose a generic conceptual model to be used as reference framework of these three variants and we show its use for generating specific models for the three mentioned variants, as well as for other existing proposals.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

Efecto del cambio de uso de suelo sobre las propiedades edáficas en la sabana, Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México

Objective: Evaluate physical and chemical properties of acid soils subject to change of land use in La Sabana of Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México. Design/methodology/approach: The following technical criteria were used: production systems representative of savanna soils in Huimanguillo, Tabasco, from sugar cane (Saccharum spp.), pineapple (Ananas comosus L.), cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), pastureland, and acahual (secondary vegetation). Physical and chemical properties were evaluated using standardized methods: apparent density (AD), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (N), extractable phosphorus (P Olsen), cation exchange capacity (CEC), electric conductivity (EC), exchangeable bases (K, Ca and Mg), and pH. Results: Results suggest highly statistical differences in contents of OM, AD, pH, and porosity (%). Statistical differences were found in Ca, Mg, and K content. Total N, P Olsen, CEC and EC, did not show statistical differences. Study limitations/implications: La Sabana of Huimanguillo, has been affected by a significant loss of soil fertility, therefore is important to evaluate the soil degradation process by change of land use under different climate conditions. Findings/conclusions: Evaluation of soil properties degradation in acid soils subject to different land use, physical and chemical properties of soils showed that sugar cane and pastureland were affected significantly.Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades físicas y químicas de suelos ácidos de La Sabana de Huimanguillo, Tabasco, México, sujetos a diferentes usos. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se consideraron los siguientes criterios técnicos, sistemas de producción representativos de sabana en el municipio de Huimanguillo que corresponden a caña de azúcar (Saccharum spp.), piña (Ananas comosus L.), yuca (Manihot esculenta Crantz), pastizal y acahual. Se evaluaron las propiedades físicas y químicas a través de métodos estandarizados: densidad aparente (Dap), materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno (N) total, fósforo (P Olsen) extractable, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC), conductividad eléctrica (CE), bases intercambiables (K, Ca y Mg) y pH. Resultados: Se obtuvieron resultados altamente significativos para MO, DAP, pH y Porosidad %, en los contenidos de Ca, Mg, y K se encontraron diferencias significativas, en cambio con N total, P Olsen, CIC y CE no se observaron diferencias significativas. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones: La Sabana de Huimanguillo, se ha visto afectada por la pérdida significativa de la fertilidad en suelo, por lo que es necesario evaluar el proceso de degradación en un periodo de mayo a diciembre, contemplando las condiciones climáticas (seca-lluvia). Hallazgos/conclusiones: Al evaluar la degradación de las propiedades de los suelos ácidos sujetos a diferentes usos, el sistema de producción de caña de azúcar y el pastizal son los cultivos que más son afectados en las propiedades físicas y químicas de los suelos

Análisis comparativo de lenguajes de modelado orientados a objetivos basados en i*

Los modelos orientados a objetivos son usados frecuentemente en disciplinas tales como la ingeniería de requisitos o el modelado de procesos en organizaciones. i* es una de las notaciones más empleadas para construir este tipo de modelos. Desafortunadamente, no existe una definición única de i* sino diferentes versiones y variantes que, con frecuencia, no están totalmente definidas dificultando su comprensión y utilización. En este artículo, se presenta un estudio comparativo de las tres variantes más utilizadas de i*: la propuesta original de Eric Yu, el lenguaje GRL y el lenguaje utilizado en el método TROPOS. A continuación, se formula un modelo conceptual genérico como marco de referencia de las variantes estudiadas, se muestra cómo a partir de este modelo genérico pueden generarse los modelos específicos de cada una, y se evidencia que también puede usarse para clasificar algunas variantes puntuales que encontramos en la literatura.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft