El Abstencionismo político

El abstencionismo político, actitud compleja y atractiva para el estudio por su transcendencia, es abordado en este trabajo, desde un único aspecto: el metodológico. Consideramos que el abstencionismo es, sin duda, síntoma de los males del país, o del juego político de los partidos, de la apatía generalizada, o del alto grado de conciencia política de una zona; en definitiva, el baremo indiscutible de la validez de unas elecciones. Destacaremos tres problemas que se nos plantearon al iniciar su estudio: el de las fuentes, el del tratamiento descriptivo y estadístico y el de un nuevo tratamiento mediante la aplicación de la Teoría Matemática de la Información al fenórneno abstencionista. El sufragio, forma de expresión de los miembros que toman parte en el proceso electoral, estuvo reducido en los diferentes sistemas por diversas condiciones: edad, sexo, índice cultural, nivel económico, etc. La forma de Ilevar a cabo esta participación es la que va perfilándose a lo largo de las diferentes constituciones y leyes electorales. En España, durante la época a que nos referiremos, 1890-1931, se ha pasado en 1891 al sufragio universal; aunque la denominación «universal» sigue siendo limitada pues no incluye ni a las mujeres, ni a los hombres menores de edad, dejando marcado el límite de ésta a la de 25 años, a lo que hay que añadir el resto de las restricciones marcadas por la ley. No hay que olvidar otro factor condicionante, el que hace referencia a la representatividad, pues limita la representación directa de los votantes y sobre todo, la representatividad de las minorías que no acepten a los elegibles

Projeto, desenvolvimento e avaliação do programa educativo-sociocomunitário global com pais “Sua educação, nossa prioridade” em um centro de ensino fundamental na Califórnia

El presente estudio analiza los resultados y beneficios de un programa educativo-socio-comunitario global con padres, clave en el proceso de formación de los alumnos aprendices de inglés, pretendiendo compensar carencias y dificultades y promover cambios profundos y esenciales en el seno de las instituciones educativas que los acogen. La metodología utilizada ha sido mixta, combinando técnicas cuantitativas y cualitativas tanto de recogida como de tratamiento y valoración de los datos obtenidos. Así se ha optado por el uso de instrumentos diversos como actas, controles de asistencia, test estandarizado de California (CST) y cuestionarios. El modelo, objeto de esta investigación empírica, se desarrolla con 613 padres latinos inmigrantes en un único centro de primaria y aporta datos relevantes en torno a la favorable influencia y la correlación directa existente entre el trabajo educativo y comunitario con padres y a) la adquisición de buenos hábitos, c) mejores niveles de rendimiento escolar de los educandos y de participación de las familias en la vida del centro y proceso educativo de sus hijos, y c) la calidad de comunicación, el conocimiento y respeto entre padres y profesores. Por último propone un cambio en el entendimiento del rol del educador en pro de políticas educativas abiertas, progresistas y sensibles a la realidad social presente y futura, preparando mejor al ciudadano para vivir en comunidades multiculturalmente diversasThe purpose of this research is to analyze the results and positive impact of a global socio-educational and community program, which is crucial in the learning process of English Learners, to eliminate barriers, compensate difficulties, and promote profound changes within the schools. A qualitative and quantitative methodology has been combined to collect and analyze data, using a variety of instruments as: The California Standard Test, questionnaires, informal observations, minutes, and attendance forms. The model proposed by this empirical research was developed with 613 Latino immigrant parents in one Elementary school. The case study provides relevant data to conclude that there is a significant correlation between the educational and community program, with important benefits like: a) the acquisition of good habits, b) higher levels of student achievement and parent involvement at school and in the learning process of their children, and c) the quality of communication, knowledge, and respect between parents and teachers. In addition, the research suggests a new way of understanding our own role as educators in favor of more realistic and sensitive educational policies, in order to better prepare citizens to live in multicultural societiesO presente estudo analisa os resultados e benefícios de um programa educativo-sociocomunitario global com pais, chave no processo de formação dos alunos aprendizes de inglês, pretendendo compensar carências e dificuldades e promover mudanças profundas e essenciais no seio das instituições educativas que os acolhem. A metodologia utilizada foi mista, combinando técnicas quantitativas e qualitativas tanto na coleta quanto no tratamento e avaliação dos dados obtidos. Assim, optou-se pelo uso de instrumentos diversos como atas, controles de frequência, teste estandartizado de California (CST) e questionários. O modelo, objeto desta investigação empírica, desenvolve-se com 613 pais latinos imigrantes em uma única escola de ensino fundamental e fornece dados relevantes em torno da favorável influência e a correlacão direta existente entre o trabalho educativo e comunitário com pais e a) a adquisição de bons hábitos, b) melhores níveis de rendimento escolar dos educandos e de participação das famílias na vida do centro e processo educativo de seus filhos, e c) a qualidade de comunicação, o conhecimento e respeito entre pais e professores. Por último, propõe uma mudança no entendimento do papel do educador em prol de políticas educativas abertas, progressistas e sensíveis à realidade social presente e futura, preparando melhor ao cidadão para viver em comunidades multiculturalmente diversa

Análisis de los modelos curriculares bilingüe y de inmersión en una sociedad multilingüe y multicultural

En este trabajo de investigación se realiza un estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo comparado de los niveles de eficacia de dos modelos básicos curriculares utilizados en California con población latina inmigrante: el bilingüe de transición a corto plazo (TBP) y el de inmersión estructurada al inglés (SEI). Para ello se utiliza una muestra de tres grupos de alumnos de segundo curso de primaria en el contexto de la ciudad de Santa Ana, California (USA) y como instrumentos de medida los test estandarizados de ámbito estatal CELDT y CST. En primer lugar, mediante un estudio longitudinal, se analiza el nivel de competencia lingüística adquirido por los alumnos de ambos programas en un periodo de 5 años consecutivos. En segundo lugar, se compara el nivel obtenido por los tres grupos en lenguaje y matemáticas en 2º curso de primaria. Para terminar se analiza el papel que ha jugado el uso de la lengua materna en el aprendizaje de los contenidos curriculares, la adquisición de destrezas y hábitos de trabajo y los aspectos emocionales y afectivos relacionados en dichos procesos. Los resultados y conclusiones de este estudio pretenden aportar nuevos datos de valor e interés a la comunidad científica y al permanente debate sobre la necesidad de implantación de programas bilingües en el trabajo con inmigrantes, a la vez que inspirar cambios que puedan dar una mejor respuesta educativa a las demandas lingüísticas, profesionales, sociales, políticas y culturales de nuestro tiempo y nuestro entorno multicultura

Publicaciones cervantinas de autoría femenina (1905-1916)

La aportación de la mujer al ensayo cervantino de principios del siglo XX apenas ha merecido atención. En este trabajo se analizan las diferentes perspectivas desde las que las mujeres intelectuales enfocan tanto la obra de Cervantes como a su autor, al hilo de los centenarios cervantinos (1905-1916). La crítica literaria estricta convive con la recreación de los personajes principales del Quijote en los ensayos de María Lejárraga, Matilde Ras, Concha Espina y Carmen de Burgos. Varias de las autoras estudiadas incluyen en sus textos sus preocupaciones sociales, como el feminismo, y dejan su opinión sobre los conflictos políticos y doctrinales que marcaron el fin de siglo.Women's participation in Cervantine criticism at the beginning of the twentieth century (1905-1906) has barely received recognition. This paper analyses the different perspectives women authors used to approach both Cervantes and his work. Strict literary criticism coexists with the exploration of Don Quixote's main characters in the philosophical and literary essays of María Lejárraga, Matilde Ras, Concha Espina and Carmen de Burgos. The authors studied include intheirs texts their social concerns and feminist ideology and give their opinion about key political and intellectual debates affecting society at the beginning of the twentieth century

The voice of birth families to improve visits in foster care

In foster care, contact visits with birth families play an important role in relation to the child’s wellbeing, and they may impact on placement outcomes. However, the views of birth parents with respect to such visits have largely been unexplored. This research is part of a project financed by the regional government of Andalusia (SEJ-7106) regarding contact visits in foster care. This study aims to give voice to parents and gather their views about contact visits, including how they might be improved. Participants were 23 birth families who had contact visits with 35 children in non-kinship foster care. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted in order to explore two key aspects: the parents’ opinions regarding the contact visits and the main areas they felt needed improving. The interviews were transcribed and the transcripts were examined using an inductive method of open coding to identify themes among participants’ responses. The main themes to emerge concerned their general view of contact visits and the organization of visits. The paper discusses the study’s implications of the findings for practice.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

De perdidos, al río. Del deseo a la ilusión y la ilusión del deseo

This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis Group in [JOURNAL TITLE] on [date of publication], available online at: http://www.tandfonline.com/[Article DOI].The illusion of control refers to an excessively high expectation of success considering the likelihood of it actually happening. This expectation seems to be modulated by idiosyncratic variables, such as the desire for control. This study aims first to provide evidence regarding the validity of the Spanish Desire for Control Scale and secondly to study the ‘going for broke’ phenomenon. Participants included 92 university students from different colleges, 59 females and 33 males. The results first show that there is enough evidence to validate the Spanish version of the scale and to support its application. Secondly they show that in cases where there is a perception of having nothing left to lose, people risk everything they have, causing a reversal in the outcome pattern in a normal situation.La ilusión de control hace referencia a una expectativa de éxito desajustada en relación a la probabilidad de ocurrencia real. Esta expectativa parece estar modulada por variables idiosincrásicas y, entre ellas, es destacables el deseo de control. El presente trabajo pretende, por un lado, aportar evidencias sobre la validez de la versión española de la escala de Deseo de Control y por otro lado, abordar el estudio del fenómeno going for broke. En este estudio han participado 92 estudiantes universitarios de distintas licenciaturas, 59 mujeres y 33 hombres. Los resultados aportan, en primer lugar, datos suficientes sobre la validez de la escala, y en segundo lugar, datos clarificadores sobre aquellas situaciones donde se percibe que ya no hay nada que perder

La educación patrimonial en los museos: análisis del papel didáctico de las exposiciones, los materiales y los gestores patrimoniales.

SIAM. Series Iberoamericanas de Museología. Año 3, Vol.

Comparison of individual and combined effects of salinity and deficit irrigation on physiological, nutritional and ornamental aspects of tolerance in Callistemon laevis plants

The effect of water deficit, salinity and both applied simultaneously on several physiological and morphological parameters in the ornamental plant Callistemon laevis was studied to identify the tolerance mechanisms developed by this species to these sources of stress and to evaluate their adaptability to such conditions. C. laevis plants were grown in pots outdoors and subjected to four irrigation treatments lasting ten months: control (0.8dSm-1, 100% water holding capacity), water deficit (0.8dSm-1, 50% of the amount of water supplied in control), saline (4.0dSm-1, same amount of water supplied as control) and saline water deficit (4.0dSm-1, 50% of the water supplied in the control). Water and saline stress, when applied individually, led to a reduction of 12% and 39% of total biomass, respectively, while overall plant quality (leaf color and flowering) was unaffected. However, saline water deficit affected leaf color and flowering and induced an excessive decrease of growth (68%) due to leaf tissue dehydration and a high leaf Cl and Na concentration. Biomass partitioning depended not only on the amount of water applied, but also on the electrical conductivity of the water. Water stress induced active osmotic adjustment and decreased leaf tissue elasticity. Although both Na and Cl concentrations in the plant tissues increased with salinity, Cl entry through the roots was more restricted. In plants submitted to salinity individually, Na tended to remain in the roots and stems, and little reached the leaves. However, plants simultaneously submitted to water and saline stress were not able to retain this ion in the woody parts. The decrease in stomatal conductance and photosynthesis was more marked in the plants submitted to both stresses, the effect of which decreased photosynthesis, and this together with membrane damage delayed plant recovery. The results show that the combination of deficit irrigation and salinity in C. laevis is not recommended since it magnifies the adverse effects of either when applied individually. © 2015 Elsevier GmbH.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (project CICYT AGL 2011-30022-C02-01-02) and Fundación Séneca-Agencia de Ciencia y Tecnología de la Región de Murcia (15356/PI/10).Peer Reviewe

Long-term effect of salinity on plant quality, water relations, photosynthetic parameters and ion distribution in Callistemon citrinus

The effect of saline stress on physiological and morphological parameters in Callistemon citrinus plants was studied to evaluate their adaptability to irrigation with saline water. C. citrinus plants, grown under greenhouse conditions, were subjected to two irrigation treatments lasting 56 weeks: control (0.8 dS·m-1) and saline (4 dS·m-1). The use of saline water in C. citrinus plants decreased aerial growth, increased the root/shoot ratio and improved the root system (increased root diameter and root density), but flowering and leaf colour were not affected. Salinity caused a decrease in stomatal conductance and evapotranspiration, which may prevent toxic levels being reached in the shoot. Net photosynthesis was reduced in plants subjected to salinity, although this response was evident much later than the decrease in stomatal conductance. Stem water potential was a good indicator of salt stress in C. citrinus. The relative salt tolerance of Callistemon was related to storage of higher levels of Na+ and Cl- in the roots compared with the leaves, especially in the case of Na+, which could have helped to maintain the quality of plants. The results show that saline water (around 4 dS·m-1) could be used for growing C. citrinus commercially. However, the cumulative effect of irrigating with saline water for 11 months was a decrease in photosynthesis and intrinsic water use efficiency, meaning that the interaction of the salinity level and the time of exposure to the salt stress should be considered important in this species. © 2014 German Botanical Society and Royal Botanical Society of the Netherlands.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (AGL 2011-30022-C02-01-02) and Fundación Séneca (15356/PI/10).Peer Reviewe