DESIGN SISTEMICO E TERRITORIO. Progettare relazioni virtuose tra agricoltura, produzione energetica e modelli di consumo.Allegato A CIBO E TERRITORIO Scenari progettuali per Giaveno

The current consumption model identifies the base of the well-being of individuals and the community itself as the possession of property. The idea of development generated is a quantitative model, strongly backed by the economic system, and it does not matter what you consume as long as the outcome results in an increase in demand. Agriculture is no exception, as well as other sectors of the economy ,it results subject to strict laws of supply and demand: the food has slowly transformed into an industrial product, on the one hand becoming increasingly affordable and abundant, but on the other more standard and approved. The intensification of production has necessitated the large-scale use of pesticides and antibiotics in order to consistently meet the quantity and esthetic standards required by the market. Concepts such as seasonality and typicality have been altered, getting the consumers used to have any product anywhere and any time. This has modified our relationship with food: we eat more than we need, we buy more than we can consume, These shortcomings lead to our actions and behaviors that cause the waste and the disposal of a huge quantity of edible food, and separating our choices from their effects on health and territory, leading to the consolidation of a pattern of consumption that is not sustainable environmentally, socially and economically. If we consider that food chains are one of the sectors most energy-intensive and polluting, it follows that the current pattern of consumption can no longer be socially, environmentaly and economically consolidated and supported. On the other hand, the very close link between agriculture, energy and health represents a new starting point for designing a model of virtuous life and conscious, capable of generating culture and wellness. For nearly a decade, however, new realities, that have sought to find a different way of acting, are developing in a new economy which can create fertile ground for a local sustainable development. The purpose of our work is to define, through the analysis of different case studies, new scenarios of possible development, which can create new positive relationship between the protagonists of the system, and in which the flows of energy and matter constitute new resources and opportunities for the territory

DESIGN SISTEMICO E TERRITORIO Progettare relazioni virtuose tra agricoltura, produzione energetica e modelli di consumo.ALLEGATO B: ENERGIA DA e PER IL TERRITORIO

The current consumption model identifies the base of the well-being of individuals and the community itself as the possession of property. The idea of development generated is a quantitative model, strongly backed by the economic system, and it does not matter what you consume as long as the outcome results in an increase in demand. Agriculture is no exception, as well as other sectors of the economy ,it results subject to strict laws of supply and demand: the food has slowly transformed into an industrial product, on the one hand becoming increasingly affordable and abundant, but on the other more standard and approved. The intensification of production has necessitated the large-scale use of pesticides and antibiotics in order to consistently meet the quantity and esthetic standards required by the market. Concepts such as seasonality and typicality have been altered, getting the consumers used to have any product anywhere and any time. This has modified our relationship with food: we eat more than we need, we buy more than we can consume, These shortcomings lead to our actions and behaviors that cause the waste and the disposal of a huge quantity of edible food, and separating our choices from their effects on health and territory, leading to the consolidation of a pattern of consumption that is not sustainable environmentally, socially and economically. If we consider that food chains are one of the sectors most energy-intensive and polluting, it follows that the current pattern of consumption can no longer be socially, environmentaly and economically consolidated and supported. On the other hand, the very close link between agriculture, energy and health represents a new starting point for designing a model of virtuous life and conscious, capable of generating culture and wellness. For nearly a decade, however, new realities, that have sought to find a different way of acting, are developing in a new economy which can create fertile ground for a local sustainable development. The purpose of our work is to define, through the analysis of different case studies, new scenarios of possible development, which can create new positive relationship between the protagonists of the system, and in which the flows of energy and matter constitute new resources and opportunities for the territory

Preliminary assessment of fentanyl and synthetic opioids prevalence among addiction patients by means of hair analysis

Background Although the diffusion of novel synthetic opioids has become a worldwide phenomenon, their prevalence of use in Italy seems to be limited. Existing national data is mainly derived by anamnestic surveyslacking of toxicological validation and not always disclosing the use of these compounds, which might remain under-diagnosed. Methods an assessment of the metabolites of the main synthetic opioids on hair samples was carried out among patients admitted at the Addiction Treatment Unit of Trento. The analytical approach included: (a) screening by means of immunoenzymatic method for fentanyl, fentanyl analogs and oxicodone; (b) confirmation of the samples resulted positive for fentanyl and oxicodone by means of HPLC-MS/; (c) search and dosage detection of Tramadol by means of HPLC-MS/MS. Results 3 out of 309 analysed samples were found positive: one was positive to Fentanyl and two to 4-ANPP. In the same cohort, 6 samples were also found positive for Oxycodone . Tramadol was searched in 189 samples and 12 of them resulted positive. Discussion and conclusion Those found positive were mainly young adults engaging in dangerous patterns of use and lacking awareness of risks. The phenomenon requires further consideration by health professionals. Training and more evidence-based information on synthetic opioids as well as other Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) are urgently needed.Peer reviewe

Predominant modifier of extreme liver cancer susceptibility in C57BR/cdJ female mice localized to 6 Mb on chromosome 17

Sex hormones influence the susceptibility of inbred mice to liver cancer. C57BR/cdJ (BR) females are extremely susceptible to spontaneous and chemically induced liver tumors, in part due to a lack of protection against hepatocarcinogenesis normally offered by ovarian hormones. BR males are also moderately susceptible, and the susceptibility of both sexes of BR mice to liver tumors induced with N,N-diethylnitrosamine relative to the resistant C57BL/6J (B6) strain is caused by two loci designated Hcf1 and Hcf2 (hepatocarcinogenesis in females) located on chromosomes 17 and 1, respectively. The Hcf1 locus on chromosome 17 is the predominant modifier of liver cancer in BR mice. To validate the existence of this locus and investigate its potential interaction with Hcf2, congenic mice for each region were generated. Homozygosity for the B6.BR(D17Mit164-D17Mit2) region resulted in a 4-fold increase in liver tumor multiplicity in females and a 4.5-fold increase in males compared with B6 controls. A series of 16 recombinants covering the entire congenic region was developed to further narrow the area containing Hcf1. Susceptible heterozygous recombinants demonstrated a 3- to 7-fold effect in females and a 1.5- to 2-fold effect in males compared with B6 siblings. The effect in susceptible lines completely recapitulated the susceptibility of heterozygous full-length chromosome 17 congenics and furthermore narrowed the location of the Hcf1 locus to a single region of the chromosome from 30.05 to 35.83 Mb

Quality of life and intrinsic capacity in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome is in relation to frailty and resilience phenotypes.

Background- The objective of this study was to characterize frailty and resilience in people evaluated for Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS), in relation to quality of life (QoL) and Intrinsic Capacity (IC). Methods- This cross-sectional, observational, study included consecutive people previously hospitalized for severe COVID-19 pneumonia attending Modena (Italy) PACS Clinic from July 2020 to April 2021. Four frailty-resilience phenotypes were built: “fit/resilient”, “fit/non-resilient”, “frail/resilient” and “frail/non-resilient”. Frailty and resilience were defined according to frailty phenotype and Connor Davidson resilience scale (CD-RISC-25) respectively. Study outcomes were: QoL assessed by means of Symptoms Short form health survey (SF-36) and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-5L) and IC by means of a dedicated questionnaire. Their predictors including frailty-resilience phenotypes were explored in logistic regressions. Results- 232 patients were evaluated, median age was 58.0 years. PACS was diagnosed in 173 (74.6%) patients. Scarce resilience was documented in 114 (49.1%) and frailty in 72 (31.0%) individuals. Predictors for SF-36 score <61.60 were the phenotypes “frail/non-resilient” (OR=4.69, CI:2.08-10.55), “fit/non-resilient” (OR=2.79, CI:1.00-7.73). Predictors for EQ-5D-5L <89.7% were the phenotypes “frail/non-resilient” (OR=5.93, CI: 2.64-13.33) and “frail/resilient” (OR=5.66, CI:1.93-16.54). Predictors of impaired IC (below the mean score value) were “frail/non-resilient” (OR=7.39, CI:3.20-17.07), and “fit/non-resilient” (OR=4.34, CI:2.16-8.71) phenotypes. Conclusions- Resilience is complementary to frailty in the identification of clinical phenotypes with different impact on wellness and QoL. Frailty and resilience should be evaluated in hospitalized COVID-19 patients to identify vulnerable individuals to prioritize urgent health interventions in people with PACS

Optimized EGFR blockade strategies in <i>EGFR</i> addicted gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas

Purpose: Gastric and gastroesophageal adenocarcinomas represent the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Despite significant therapeutic improvement, the outcome of patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma is poor. Randomized clinical trials failed to show a significant survival benefit in molecularly unselected patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma treated with anti-EGFR agents.Experimental Design: We performed analyses on four cohorts: IRCC (570 patients), Foundation Medicine, Inc. (9,397 patients), COG (214 patients), and the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (206 patients). Preclinical trials were conducted in patient-derived xenografts (PDX).Results: The analysis of different gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma patient cohorts suggests that EGFR amplification drives aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. We also observed that EGFR inhibitors are active in patients with EGFR copy-number gain and that coamplification of other receptor tyrosine kinases or KRAS is associated with worse response. Preclinical trials performed on EGFR-amplified gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma PDX models revealed that the combination of an EGFR mAb and an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) was more effective than each monotherapy and resulted in a deeper and durable response. In a highly EGFR-amplified nonresponding PDX, where resistance to EGFR drugs was due to inactivation of the TSC2 tumor suppressor, cotreatment with the mTOR inhibitor everolimus restored sensitivity to EGFR inhibition.Conclusions: This study underscores EGFR as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer and identifies the combination of an EGFR TKI and a mAb as an effective therapeutic approach. Finally, it recognizes mTOR pathway activation as a novel mechanism of primary resistance that can be overcome by the combination of EGFR and mTOR inhibitors