Formándonos interculturalmente en Jalisco, México : condiciones y alternativas educativas de los niños migrantes

Consultable des del TDXTítol obtingut de la portada digitalitzadaEl presente trabajo de tesis doctoral es una investigación realizada en el Estado de Jalisco en México, donde se analizan y se valoran las estrategias educativas para los alumnos migrantes en dos distintas poblaciones como son los México - americanos y los indígenas mexicanos que emigran de las zonas rurales mexicanas a las grandes ciudades del mismo país. Se expone la realidad que enfrentan los niños migrantes en el acceso, permanencia y evaluación en la escuela, así como la práctica docente de los maestros. Se toman en cuenta los distintos paradigmas que se han aplicado en el mundo para la atención educativa de estas poblaciones migrantes optando por la interculturalidad, como un camino justo que guíe, el proceso educativo de los alumnos migrantes, ya que a través de la interculturalidad se puede poner en juego un currículo transversal y una práctica educativa basada en la reflexión donde el maestro puede ser capaz de acoger al niño migrante en una realidad centrada en los valores humanos.The following doctoral thesis is an investigation that was executed in the state of Jalisco, México, where educative strategies are analyzed and valued for migrant students of two different populations, which are the Mexican-American and the Mexican indigenous who migrate from rural Mexican zones to the bigger cities of the same country. The reality which migrant children face in the access, permanence, and evaluation in school, as well as the educational practice of the teachers is presented in this paper. It is taken into account the different paradigms that have been applied world-wide in education that faces migrant populations and opt for intercultural means as a rightful path that guides the educational process of migrant students, since it is through interculturalness that it is possible to put into play a transversal curriculum and an educative practice based on a reflection where the teacher is able to receive a migrant child in a reality centered in human values

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care