Why are undergraduate emerging adults anxious and avoidant in their romantic relationships? The role of family relationships

The exploration of and search for romantic relationships is one of the developmental tasks that characterise emerging adulthood, a new developmental phase halfway between adolescence and full adulthood. This study aims to explore, in a Mediterranean country, the existing relationships between the subjective perception of some parental behaviour and the anxiety and avoidance dimensions of attachment during emerging adulthood. To do so, 1,502 university students (903 women and 599 men) aged between 18 and 29 (M = 20.32 and SD = 2.13) completed a self-report questionnaire. The results revealed that perceived family support and perceived parental warmth were negatively associated with the avoidance and anxiety dimensions. In contrast, perceived parental control (both behavioural and psychological) was found to be positively associated with both attachment dimensions. Perceived behavioural control was also found to play a moderator role between perceived parental warmth and romantic attachment anxiety. Only in cases in which emerging adults of our sample perceived low levels of behavioural control was warmth found to be negatively associated with anxiety. The main conclusion of this work is the negative impact that parental control seems to have on romantic attachment during emerging adulthood. The results are discussed with a focus on the continuing importance of the family context in relation to the completion of developmental tasks, even during emerging adulthood.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad EDU2013-45687-RMinisterio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-097405-B-I0

Perceived parenting styles and adjustment during emerging adulthood: a cross-national perspective

The aim of the present study is to determine whether the influence of parenting style on children’s wellbeing is sustained during emerging adulthood. This is a stage in which young people, despite feeling themselves to be adults, often remain in the family home and continue to be financially dependent on their parents. Moreover, since parents’ beliefs, attitudes and behaviors are constructed and interpreted within their cultural milieu, the study also aims to explore the situation in Spain (SP) and Portugal (PT). Those two Southern Europe countries are representative of what is known as the “family welfare regime”, in which the family acts as the main provider of care and security not only during childhood, but also during emerging adulthood. Thus, the present study examines, from a cross-cultural perspective, the relationship between perceived parenting styles and psychological adjustment among a sample of 1047 emerging adults from Spain and Portugal. The results reveal that the most beneficial styles during this stage are the authoritative and permissive ones, with the authoritarian style being more closely related to psychological distress. The study highlights intercultural similarities and the positive role played by more symmetrical relationships in the adjustment of emerging adults in both countries.Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad EDU2013-45687-RMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad RTI2018-097405-B-I0

Robust and continuous metric subregularity for linear inequality systems

This paper introduces two new variational properties, robust and continuous metric subregularity, for finite linear inequality systems under data perturbations. The motivation of this study goes back to the seminal work by Dontchev, Lewis, and Rockafellar (2003) on the radius of metric regularity. In contrast to the metric regularity, the unstable continuity behavoir of the (always finite) metric subregularity modulus leads us to consider the aforementioned properties. After characterizing both of them, the radius of robust metric subregularity is computed and some insights on the radius of continuous metric subregularity are provided.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This research has been partially supported by Grant PGC2018-097960-B-C2(1,2) from MICINN, Spain, and ERDF, “A way to make Europe”, European Union, and Grant PROMETEO/2021/063 from Generalitat Valenciana, Spain

Outer limit of subdifferentials and calmness moduli in linear and nonlinear programming

With a common background and motivation, the main contributions of this paper are developed in two different directions. Firstly, we are concerned with functions which are the maximum of a finite amount of continuously differentiable functions of n real variables, paying attention to the case of polyhedral functions. For these max-functions, we obtain some results about outer limits of subdifferentials, which are applied to derive an upper bound for the calmness modulus of nonlinear systems. When confined to the convex case, in addition, a lower bound on this modulus is also obtained. Secondly, by means of a KKT index set approach, we are also able to provide a point-based formula for the calmness modulus of the argmin mapping of linear programming problems without any uniqueness assumption on the optimal set. This formula still provides a lower bound in linear semi-infinite programming. Illustrative examples are given

Subdifferentials and Stability Analysis of Feasible Set and Pareto Front Mappings in Linear Multiobjective Optimization

The paper concerns multiobjective linear optimization problems in R^n that are parameterized with respect to the right-hand side perturbations of inequality constraints. Our focus is on measuring the variation of the feasible set and the Pareto front mappings around a nominal element while paying attention to some specific directions. This idea is formalized by means of the so-called epigraphical multifunction, which is defined by adding a fixed cone to the images of the original mapping. Through the epigraphical feasible and Pareto front mappings we describe the corresponding vector subdifferentials, and employ them to verifying Lipschitzian stability of the perturbed mappings with computing the associated Lipschitz moduli. The particular case of ordinary linear programs is analyzed, where we show that the subdifferentials of both multifunctions are proportional subsets. We also provide a method for computing the optimal value of linear programs without knowing any optimal solution. Some illustrative examples are also given in the paper.Comment: 23 page

Significado profesor universitario, trabajo académico y condiciones institucionales. Representaciones sociales y relaciones

El objetivo de este artículo es develar y comprender las representaciones sociales de los profesores de la Universidad de la Amazonia, acerca del significado de ser profesor, del trabajo académico y sobre las condiciones institucionales para realizarlo. La investigación es cualitativa, estudio de caso y enfoque hermenéutico. Se emplearon las técnicas de la carta asociativa y del tris jerárquico para identificar las representaciones sociales, de setenta y dos profesores de la Universidad de la Amazonia, participantes en la investigación “Representaciones sociales del trabajo académico del profesor universitario”. En las representaciones sociales el profesor se significa como investigador, su trabajo lo asume centrado en la investigación y la formación es considerada como la principal condición para realizarlo. Las representaciones por sí solas no son suficientes para su materialización; es necesario contar con un entorno favorable para llevarlas a la práctica. Se requieren políticas para mejorar las condiciones.&nbsp

Variational Analysis in Semi-Infinite and Infinite Programming, I: Stability of Linear Inequality Systems of Feasible Solutions

This paper concerns applications of advanced techniques of variational analysis and generalized differentiation to parametric problems of semi-infinite and infinite programming, where decision variables run over finite-dimensional and infinite-dimensional spaces, respectively. Part I is primarily devoted to the study of robust Lipschitzian stability of feasible solutions maps for such problems described by parameterized systems of infinitely many linear inequalities in Banach spaces of decision variables indexed by an arbitrary set T. The parameter space of admissible perturbations under consideration is formed by all bounded functions on T equipped with the standard supremum norm. Unless the index set T is finite, this space is intrinsically infinite-dimensional (nonreflexive and nonseparable) of the l∞ type. By using advanced tools of variational analysis and exploiting specific features of linear infinite systems, we establish complete characterizations of robust Lipschitzian stability entirely via their initial data with computing the exact bound of Lipschitzian moduli. A crucial part of our analysis addresses the precise computation of the coderivative of the feasible set mapping and its norm. The results obtained are new in both semi-infinite and infinite frameworks. (A correction to the this article has been appended at the end of the pdf file.)This research was partially supported by grants MTM2005-08572-C03 (01-02) from MEC (Spain) and FEDER (EU), MTM2008-06695-C03 (01-02) from MICINN (Spain), and ACOMP/2009/047&133 from Generalitat Valenciana (Spain); National Science Foundation (USA) under grant DMS-0603846

Variational Analysis in Semi-Infinite and Infinite Programming, II: Necessary Optimality Conditions

This paper concerns applications of advanced techniques of variational analysis and generalized differentiation to problems of semi-infinite and infinite programming with feasible solution sets defined by parameterized systems of infinitely many linear inequalities of the type intensively studied in the preceding development [Cánovas et al., SIAM J. Optim., 20 (2009), pp. 1504–1526] from the viewpoint of robust Lipschitzian stability. The main results establish necessary optimality conditions for broad classes of semi-infinite and infinite programs, where objectives are generally described by nonsmooth and nonconvex functions on Banach spaces and where infinite constraint inequality systems are indexed by arbitrary sets. The results obtained are new in both smooth and nonsmooth settings of semi-infinite and infinite programming. We illustrate our model and results by considering a practically meaningful model of water resource optimization via systems of reservoirs.This research was partially supported by grants MTM2008-06695-C03 (01-02) from MICINN (Spain), ACOMP/2009/047&133, and ACOMP/2010/269 from Generatitat Valenciana (Spain)

Aproximació històrica al waterpolo. Dels orígens lúdics al més alt nivell competitiu mundial i espanyol

Hi ha diversos autors que situen l’origen del waterpolo entre l’any 1869 i el 1870. Des d’aquesta època fins a l’actualitat el waterpolo ha evolucionat des d’un origen lúdic i d’entreteniment, fins a la seva institució i consolidació com a esport internacional i olímpic. En aquest article es fa un recorregut històric de l’esport del waterpolo, la seva iniciació a Anglaterra i l’extensió cap als USA i Europa. Igualment, es porta a terme un estudi detallat del waterpolo a Espanya, tot destacant l’important impuls del  “Club Natació Barcelona”, des del seu naixement en 1907 fins als èxits esportius olímpics de l’última dècada