An approach to the association between gastrointestinal hormones and dry matter intake in ruminants

Las hormonas gastrointestinales están relacionadas con el consumo de alimento. A pesar de que el mecanismo de acción de muchas de estas hormonas en animales no rumiantes es relativamente entendido, en rumiantes su función es aún poco comprendida y muchas veces contradictoria. Por ello, en este ensayo se discute la relación de la insulina, ghrelina, colecistoquinina (CCK), péptido tirosina tirosina (PYY) y los péptidos que derivan del gen del proglucagon (oxintomodulina, glicentina y péptidos similares al glucagón 1 y 2 (GLP-1 y GLP-2)) con el consumo de alimento en rumiantes. Estas hormonas también tienen una función en la regulación del metabolismo energético, lo cual se discutirá en otro ensayo. Las evidencias sugieren que en rumiantes, insulina, CCK y el GLP-1 disminuyen el consumo, mientras que ghrelina lo aumenta. La función de oxintomodulina, GLP-2 y PYY se conoce poco en rumiantes.Gastrointestinal hormones are related to feed intake. Despite the fact that the mechanisms of action of many of these hormones in non–ruminant animals is relatively well known, in ruminants their function is still not understood, and results reported in the literature are often contradictory. For this reason, this essay discusses how insulin, ghrelin, colecistokinin (CCK), peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYY) and peptides derived from the proglucagon gen (oxyntomodlin, glicentin and glucagon–like peptides 1 and 2 (GLP–1 and GLP–2)) are related to dry matter intake (DMI) in ruminants. These hormones also have a function in the regulation of metabolism, which will be discussed in another essay. The evidence suggests that in ruminants, insulin, CCK and GLP–1 reduce DMI, while ghrelin increases DMI. The function of oxyntomodulin, GLP–2 and PYY is little known in ruminants.Fil: Relling, Alejandro Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico CONICET- La Plata. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria "Ing. Fernando Noel Dulout". Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Instituto de Genética Veterinaria; ArgentinaFil: Pinos Rodríguez, J. Manuel. Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí. Instituto de Investigación de Zonas Desérticas; MéxicoFil: Mattioli, Guillermo Alberto. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentin

Agustín de Hipona contra los espectáculos públicos : ¿creencia o concurrencia?

Tratamos de señalar cómo el rechazo de Agustín de Hipona sobre los espectáculos públicos no es sólo de carácter moral y religioso, sino también de índole socio-político. La oposición a los juegos escénicos que aparece en De Civitate Dei se enmarca en una concepción de la ciudad muy alejada de la cultura clásica y de la nutriente de ésta: la manuficencia._____________________________We aim to show how Augustine of Hippo's rejection of public spectacles was not only of a moral and religious nature, but also socio - political. The opposition to staged games that appears in de Civitate Dei is set within a conception of the city that is far removed from classical culture and from its nutrient: munificence

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José Medina Echavarría (1903-1977): La sociología como ciencia social concreta

Siendo la obra científico-social de D. José Medina Echavarría escasamente conocida en España, este texto tiene por objeto realizar una aproximación a su perspectiva sociológica, con el exclusivo fin de poner de manifiesto la sugerente y enriquecedora sociología que nos ha legado tan ilustre autor. En este sentido, se aducen, prolíficamente, las contundentes razones que abogan por su merecidísimo e inmediato reconocimiento histórico y académico

Interplay between Zeeman interaction and spin-orbit coupling in a two-dimensional semiconductor system

We analyse the interplay between Dresselhaus, Bychkov-Rashba, and Zeeman interactions in a two-dimensional semiconductor quantum system under the action of a magnetic field. When a vertical magnetic field is considered, we predict that the interplay results in an effective cyclotron frequency that depends on a spin-dependent contribution. For in-plane magnetic fields, we found that the interplay induces an anisotropic effective gyromagnetic factor that depends on the orientation of the applied field as well as on the orientation of the electron momentum.Comment: 5 page

Mejora de la robustez de controladores LQG/LTR. Aplicación a un sistema multivariable

En el presente artículo se realiza un estudio de métodos de diseño LTR, demostrándose su utilidad con la aplicación de un sistema multivariable. El planteamiento se realiza en el espacio de estados para el cálculo e implementación de los algoritmos de control, y un tratamiento en el dominio de la frecuencia para el análisis de robustez. Se describen diferentes técnicas de diseño que emplean una filosofía de síntesis similar, conocida como LTR. Para evaluar los controladores se proponen unos indicadores de robustez. Se realizan diferentes diseños para un sistema multivariable, comparando los resultados obtenidos entre el regulador LQC/LTR convencional y un controlador LTR con estructura no basada en observador. Por último, se propone un controlador para mejorar la robustez y aplicabilidad del controlador LQR/LTR convencional.This paper makes a study of LTR (Loop Transfer Recovery) desing methods. the applicability of the methods to a multivariable system is demonstrated. State space methodos are used to implement the control algorithms and frecuency domain techniques are used to analyse its robutstness. Robustness indicators are proposed to evaluate the performance of the controllers. Different designs of a multivariable system are made, and the results obtained by a conventional LQG/LTR controller and a LTR controller without observer are compared. Finally a method is proposed to enhance the robustness and applicability of conventional LQG/LTR controllers

Aggression, and some related psychological constructs (Anger, Hostility, and Impulsivity): comments from a research project

The purpose of the present study was: first, to offer a few theoretical considerations on the concept of human aggression and its main types; and second, to analyse the relationship between those types of aggression and other related psychological constructs, such as anger, hostility, and impulsivity, summarizing the main empirical results of our research in progress. In order to assess their eventual correlations, several self-report techniques were compared: a) AQ, used to measure several kinds of aggression, anger, and hostility; b) CAMA, a questionnaire already used in a variety of cultures, for measuring attitudes toward interpersonal aggression in different instrumental and hostile situations; c) ASQ, an instrument for measuring experienced anger and its expression in assertive or aggressive ways; and d) BIS, used to prove three impulsiveness sub-traits: motor, attentional, and non-planning impulsiveness. The different definitions of aggression may be grouped according to whether the primary goal is distress or harm, focusing primarily on the objective infliction of harm, or on the subjective intention of harming. Most classifications in the literature show two kinds of aggression, even if different names are used: Hostile Aggression (among other names it is also known as 'reactive, impulsive, or affective') is an act primarily oriented to hurt another individual; and Instrumental Aggression (also known as 'proactive, premeditated, or predative') is a means or tool for solving problems or for obtaining a variety of objectives. As predicted, there was a positive correlation between experience and expression of anger. Anger involved physiological arousal and prepared for aggression. Anger and impulsiveness were also positively correlated with hostile aggression, but not with instrumental aggression. In the case of impulsiveness, non-planning impulsiveness was positively correlated with some situations related to hostile aggression, such as emotional agitation or lack of communication, but not with instrumental one

Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme is directed towards physics input to critical elements of the ITER design and the preparation of ITER operation, as well as addressing physics issues for a future DEMO design. Since 2015, AUG is equipped with a new pair of 3-strap ICRF antennas, which were designed for a reduction of tungsten release during ICRF operation. As predicted, a factor two reduction on the ICRF-induced W plasma content could be achieved by the reduction of the sheath voltage at the antenna limiters via the compensation of the image currents of the central and side straps in the antenna frame. There are two main operational scenario lines in AUG. Experiments with low collisionality, which comprise current drive, ELM mitigation/suppression and fast ion physics, are mainly done with freshly boronized walls to reduce the tungsten influx at these high edge temperature conditions. Full ELM suppression and non-inductive operation up to a plasma current of Ip = 0.8 MA could be obtained at low plasma density. Plasma exhaust is studied under conditions of high neutral divertor pressure and separatrix electron density, where a fresh boronization is not required. Substantial progress could be achieved for the understanding of the confinement degradation by strong D puffing and the improvement with nitrogen or carbon seeding. Inward/outward shifts of the electron density profile relative to the temperature profile effect the edge stability via the pressure profile changes and lead to improved/decreased pedestal performance. Seeding and D gas puffing are found to effect the core fueling via changes in a region of high density on the high field side (HFSHD). The integration of all above mentioned operational scenarios will be feasible and naturally obtained in a large device where the edge is more opaque for neutrals and higher plasma temperatures provide a lower collisionality. The combination of exhaust control with pellet fueling has been successfully demonstrated. High divertor enrichment values of nitrogen EN 10 have been obtained during pellet injection, which is a prerequisite for the simultaneous achievement of good core plasma purity and high divertor radiation levels. Impurity accumulation observed in the all-metal AUG device caused by the strong neoclassical inward transport of tungsten in the pedestal is expected to be relieved by the higher neoclassical temperature screening in larger devices.European Commission (EUROfusion 633053

A Machine Learning Model for Early Prediction of Crop Yield, Nested in a Web Application in the Cloud: A Case Study in an Olive Grove in Southern Spain

Predictive systems are a crucial tool in management and decision-making in any productive sector. In the case of agriculture, it is especially interesting to have advance information on the profitability of a farm. In this sense, depending on the time of the year when this information is available, important decisions can be made that affect the economic balance of the farm. The aim of this study is to develop an effective model for predicting crop yields in advance that is accessible and easy to use by the farmer or farm manager from a web-based application. In this case, an olive orchard in the Andalusia region of southern Spain was used. The model was estimated using spatio-temporal training data, such as yield data from eight consecutive years, and more than twenty meteorological parameters data, automatically charged from public web services, belonging to a weather station located near the sample farm. The workflow requires selecting the parameters that influence the crop prediction and discarding those that introduce noise into the model. The main contribution of this research is the early prediction of crop yield with absolute errors better than 20%, which is crucial for making decisions on tillage investments and crop marketing.European Commission PYC20-RE-005-UJA 1381202-GEU IEG-2021 y PREDIC_I-GOPO-JA-20-0006Instituto de Estudios GiennesesJunta de AndaluciaMinistry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, Spanish Government (AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia