Evaluation of eleven Mexican cultivars of prickly pear cactus trees for possibly utilization as animal fed: in vitro gas production

In production systems of prickly pear fruit and prickly pear cactus, significant amounts of pruned material, which could be used as an ingredient in animal feeding, is generated. The aim of this study was to measure the nutrient content, fermentation kinetics and in vitro digestibility of eleven cultivars of cladodes of prickly pear cactus. The fermentation was measured indirectly using the gas production technique, where 500 mg of DM substrate (prickly pear cactus cultivars) were placed in amber glass flasks of 125 mL with 90 mL of ruminal inoculum under a continuous flow of CO2. Flaskswere hermeticallywrapped upwith a rubber stopper and ametal ring, and were placed in a water bath at 39 C. The fermentation gas pressure was measured using a monometer at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 32, 38, 50 and 72 h incubation. Results show that the chemical composition ranged between (g kg-1 DM): 64 and 160 g kg-1 dry matter (DM), 137–293 g kg-1 DM ash, 52–101 g kg-1 DM crude protein, 3–22 g kg-1 DM ether extract, 251–393 neutral detergent fiber and 132–192 acid detergent fiber. The gas volume was different (p\0.05) among cultivars, with the Red Vigor cultivar having the largest volume at 378 mL g-1 DM.The highest volumeof gas was produced during the first 24 h in on average 67 % of the total produced. The in vitroDMdigestibility displayed values of up to 82 % in the Roja Pelota cultivar. It can be concluded that the cladodes of prickly pear cactus from different cultivars can be used in animal feed for its good rumen fermentation characteristic

Categorías, conocimiento y percepción del patrimonio cultural y natural en Viñales. Una mirada crítica a su gestión

The socioeconomic development of Viñales is determined to a certain extent by its natural conditions, in which human work has been inserted, forming a multiform and changing landscape. These conditions have had repercussions by granting the territory various categories associated with natural and cultural heritage. The objective of this work was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of the actors involved in territorial development, about the natural and cultural heritage of Viñales. From a dialectical-materialist approach, theoretical methods such as historical-logical and analysis-synthesis were used, within the empirical one’s observation, interview, survey and documentary analysis were used. The results of the applied instruments reflect ignorance of the categories and what they represent, lack of inclusive actions that promote knowledge and modes of action based on conservation and that declared cultural and natural heritage sites are wasted for the development of didactic, political, recreational and social activities that contribute to the awareness and education of the inhabitants. The evaluation carried out made it possible to identify gaps in the planning of territorial development for the coming years, related to the cultural and natural heritage, since it lacks integrating actions and of an immediate nature for the universe of the local population, for which the present study constitutes a point of reference. starting to implement a proposal based on citizen growth related to the knowledge of the categories and values of the territory and the manifestation of correct modes of action related to the subject.El desarrollo socioeconómico de Viñales está determinado en cierta medida por sus condiciones naturales, en las cuáles se ha insertado la obra humana conformando un paisaje multiforme y cambiante. Estas condiciones han repercutido al concedérsele al territorio varias categorías asociadas al patrimonio natural y cultural. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el conocimiento y percepción de los actores implicados en el desarrollo territorial, sobre el patrimonio natural y cultural de Viñales. Desde un enfoque dialéctico-materialista se emplearon métodos teóricos como el histórico-lógico y el análisis-síntesis, dentro de los empíricos se emplearon la observación, la entrevista, la encuesta y el análisis documental. Los resultados de los instrumentos aplicados reflejan desconocimiento de las categorías y lo que ellas representan, falta de acciones integradoras que favorezcan el conocimiento y modos de actuación en función de la conservación y que se desaprovechan los sitios declarados del patrimonio cultural y natural para el desarrollo de actividades didácticas, político recreativas y sociales que contribuyan a la sensibilización y educación de los pobladores. La evaluación realizada permitió identificar brechas en la planificación del desarrollo territorial para los próximos años, relacionado con el patrimonio cultural y natural pues adolece de acciones integradoras y de carácter inmediato para el universo de la población local, por lo que el presente estudio constituye punto de partida para implementar una propuesta en función del crecimiento ciudadano relacionado con el conocimiento de las categorías y valores del territorio y la manifestación de correctos modos de actuación relacionados con la temática

Effects of types and doses of yeast on gas production and in vitro digestibility of diets containing maize (Zea mays) and lucerne (Medicago sativa) or oat hay

Two yeast products formulated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were evaluated at the same colonyforming units (CFUs) per gram of substrate. Samples of maize, lucerne and oat hays were mixed (0.5 kg) to a proportion of 80% forage (lucerne or oat) with 20% maize (DM basis) and combined with each yeast to obtain 1.5 x 107 or 3.0 x 107 CFU/g DM. There was also a control without yeast. In vitro gas production was measured at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 14, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 60, and 72 h incubation. There was no forage/yeast interaction. Both yeast products tended to reduce the maximum volume produced quadratically and lag time linearly, while in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) increased linearly. Ruminal ammonia N and lactic acid were not affected, whereas methane and carbon dioxide tended to be reduced with the intermediate dose of yeast. When the mixture included oat hay, the total volume of gas increased, the lag time decreased, and there was higher IVDMD than in the lucerne-based mixtures, which were associated with lower methane production. Ammonia and lactic acid remained unchanged. The two yeast products showed the same effects on the dynamics of gas production and in vitro digestibility when dosed at the same number of viable cells or CFUs, and there was no interaction with forage quality

Effects of addition of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes on digestibility and milk and meat production: A systematic review

El articulo esta publicado en una revista de Open accessExogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) added to the ruminant diet can increase fiber digestibility and production efficiency. A systematic review was conducted to understand the interactions between EFE and diet on digestibility and animal performance. The database included variables from 384 experiments with EFE and 264 controls from 85 papers published since 2000 (classification criteria: 1) type of study (in vitro, in situ, in vivo), 2) type of ruminants (sheep, Buffaloes, goats, beef and dairy cattle), 3) primary EFE activity (Cellulases (Cel) or Xylanases (Xyl)), 4) forage proportion (FP), 5) type of plant (TP: legumes or grasses), 6) number of ingredients in diets, and 7) application time (AT)). In over of 52.85% of cases, EFE improved the degradability of dry matter (DMD), neutral and acid detergent fiber (NDFD and ADFD), in vitro gas production (GP), volatile fatty acids (VFA), the acetate: propionate ratio (A:P ratio), protein and fat milk, milk yield and average daily gain (ADG) (by 7.78–21.85%). Cel improved organic matter degradability (OMD), GP, VFA, milk yield, and milk protein and fat content. EFE in FP≥40% diets enhanced the ADG, and in grass-based diets increased the dry matter intake (DMI). The AT of EFE affected the DMD, NDFD, and ADFD. Significant correlations were found between the improvements of NDFD or ADFD with DMD (r>0.59), milk yield (r=0.64), and ADG (r=0.59). In conclusion, many factors interact with EFE supplementation effects, but EFE consistently enhanced the DMD, NDFD, and ADFD of ruminant diets, which are related to improvements in productive performance

Ruminal ammonia concentration and fermentation kinetics of commercial herbal feed additives with amino acids

The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of rumen fermentation while estimating it’s in vitro protein degradation (from ruminal ammonia concentration) and kinetics regarding two herbal feed plant additives. The tested herbal mixtures were elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, providing lysine (Lys) and Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, providing Methionine (Met). They were compared to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and solvent extracted soybean meal (Glicine max), as standard sources of protein using the in vitro gas production technique modified to estimate N-NH3, recording fermentation kinetics and dry matter digestibility (72 h), in a completely randomized design followed by Tukey test. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower (P<0.05) than in the standard protein sources, indicating that protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. Herbal additives with Lys or Met showed minimum N-NH3 concentration in the first 4 h of incubation. At 8 h, the concentration was 0.27 and 0.54 mg dL-1 for the herbal products with Lys and Met, significantly lower than solvent extracted soybean meal and alfalfa (1.15 and 2.24 mg dL-1 respectively, P<0.05). Highlights The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, provide bypass Lysine. The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, provide bypass Methionine. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower than in the standard protein sources. Protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation.The objective of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of rumen fermentation while estimating it’s in vitro protein degradation (from ruminal ammonia concentration) and kinetics regarding two herbal feed plant additives. The tested herbal mixtures were elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, providing lysine (Lys) and Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, providing Methionine (Met). They were compared to alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and solvent extracted soybean meal (Glicine max), as standard sources of protein using the in vitro gas production technique modified to estimate N-NH3, recording fermentation kinetics and dry matter digestibility (72 h), in a completely randomized design followed by Tukey test. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower (P<0.05) than in the standard protein sources, indicating that protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation. Herbal additives with Lys or Met showed minimum N-NH3 concentration in the first 4 h of incubation. At 8 h, the concentration was 0.27 and 0.54 mg dL-1 for the herbal products with Lys and Met, significantly lower than solvent extracted soybean meal and alfalfa (1.15 and 2.24 mg dL-1 respectively, P<0.05). Highlights The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Phaseolus mango and Linum usitatissimum, provide bypass Lysine. The tested herbal mixture elaborated with Trigonella foenum-graecum and Allium sativa, provide bypass Methionine. Ruminal ammonia concentration in the herbal mixtures was lower than in the standard protein sources. Protein from herbal mixtures could resist ruminal degradation

Potential effects of delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on ruminant meat and milk quality

El articulo esta publicado en una revista de Open accessThe objective was to review the potential effects of adding anthocyanin delphinidin-3-O-sambubioside (DOS) and cyanidin-3-O-sambubioside (COS) of HS in animal diets. One hundred and four scientific articles published before 2021 in clinics, pharmacology, nutrition, and animal production were included. The grains/concentrate, metabolic exigency, and caloric stress contribute to increasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS). COS and DOS have antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, and anthelmintic activities. In the rumen, anthocyanin might obtain interactions and/or synergisms with substrates, microorganisms, and enzymes which could affect the fiber degradability and decrease potential methane (CH4) emissions; since anthocyanin interferes with ruminal fatty acids biohydrogenation (BH), they can increase the n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA), and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in milk and meat, as well as improving their quality. Anthocyanins reduce plasma oxidation and can be deposited in milk and meat, increasing antioxidant activities. Therefore, the reduction of the oxidation of fats and proteins improves shelf-life. Although studies in ruminants are required, COS and DOS act as inhibitors of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACEi) and rennin expression, regulating the homeostatic control and possibly the milk yield and body weight. By-products of HS contain polyphenols as calyces with positive effects on the average daily gain and fat meat quality

EFECTO DEL TIPO DE GRANO Y NIVEL DE IONÓFORO SOBRE LA PRODUCCIÓN DE GAS in vitro Y PERFIL FERMENTATIVO

Memorias in extenso de la Reunión Anual de la Asociación Mexicana de Producción Animal A.C.El uso de ionóforos en la producción animal y su uso en sistemas de producción intensivos es ampliamente conocido, ya que estos han mostrado mejorar los patrones de fermentación ruminal incrementando el porcentaje de propionato, reduciendo la producción de metano y mejorando el rendimiento productivo, sin embargo, estos efectos han mostrado ser inconsistentes entre especies, sobre todo en la producción ovina. Por lo que mediante la técnica de producción de gas in vitro, se evaluó el efecto del tipo de grano y nivel de ionóforo sobre variables de cinética de producción de gas y parámetros de fermentación ruminal in vitro, para lo cual se utilizaron como sustrato tres granos con diferente tasa de digestión: maíz, trigo y sorgo y se evaluaron tres niveles de ionóforo 0, 30 y 60 mg kg-1. Los resultados se analizaron mediante un análisis factorial tres por tres (3 tipos de grano X 3 niveles de ionóforo) las medias se compararon con una prueba de Tukey con un nivel de significancia p 0.05). Finalmente podemos concluir que el tipo de grano modifico las variables de cinética de la producción de gas y perfil fermentativo in vitro , por lo que es importante evaluar el tipo de grano a utilizar en las raciones así como el uso de ionóforos para obtener las mejores repuestas productivas y lograr una producción animal más eficiente

Efecto de bloques con propionato de calcio sobre respuestas productivas en corderos y GEI in vitro

Objective. Evaluate multinutritional blocks with and without calcium propionate (Pr-Ca) in digestibility and live weight changes of lambs and in the green house emission in vitro. Materials and methods. Twelve sheep were used (20.17 ± 2.35 Katahdin x criollo) in three treatments: Basal diet (BD 70% oat straw, 30% concentrate), BD+ Block without Ca-Pr and BD+ Block with 1.5% Ca-Pr, it was evaluated for 50 days. In vitro gas production (GP) and kinetic parameters were estimated (Vmax, S, Lag) according to consumption. Digestibility, CH4 and CO2 in vitro and in vivo were estimated. Results. The dry matter intake was the lowest (p<0.0001) in lambs without block (753 g/d) compared lambs supplemented with block without (839 g) or with Ca-Pr (828 g) by including blocks increased methane (16.16 and 16.18 g/d; 0 and 1.5% Ca-Pr respectively) than with BD (13.93 g/d). The GP in vitro was higher (p=0.0001) with the BD (380.76, ml) than with blocks without differences among blocks (335.76 and 341.13 ml, 0 and 1.5% Ca-Pr respectively), and the BD had higher (p=0.0001) production of CH4 (47.16 mol) and CO2 (200.04 mol) than with blocks (42.25 and 41.58 mol CH4; 179.21 and 176.39 mol CO2; 0 and 1.5% Ca-Pr respectively). Conclusions. Block supplementation improved dry matter intake. Blocks reduced in vitro gas production and increased digestibilityby reducing CH4 and CO2.Objetivo. Evaluar dos bloques multinutricionales formulados para mejorar el crecimiento de los corderos alimentados con una dieta basal de bajo valor nutritivo, con y sin propionato de calcio (Pr-Ca), evaluando el crecimiento de los corderos, digestibilidad y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero in vivo e in vitro. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron doce borregos (20.17 ± 2.35 Katahdin x criollo) en tres tratamientos: Dieta basal (DB 70% paja de avena; 30% concentrado), DB+ Bloque sin Pr-Ca y DB + Bloque con 1.5% de Pr-Ca, por 50 días. Se midió producción de gas (PG) in vitro y se estimaron los parámetros de cinética (Vmax, S, Lag). Se estimaron la digestibilidad, CH4 y CO2 in vitro e in vivo. Resultados. El consumo fue menor (P<0.0001) en borregos sin bloque (753 g/d) en comparación con bloque sin (839 g) o con Pr-Ca (828 g) emisiones de metano mayor con bloques (16.16 y 16.18 g/d; 0 y 1.5% Pr-Ca respectivamente) que con DB (13.93 g/d). La PG in vitro fue mayor (P=0.0001) con la DB (380.76 ml) sin diferencias entre bloques (335.76 y 341.13 ml, 0 y 1.5% Pr-Ca respectivamente), y la DB tuvo mayor (P=0.0001) producción de CH4 (47.16 mol) y CO2 (200.04 mol) que con bloques (42.25 y 41.58 mol CH4; 179.21 y 176.39 moles CO2; 0 y 1.5% Ca-Pr respectivamente). Conclusiones. La suplementación con bloques mejora el consumo. In vitro los bloques redujeron la producción de gas e incrementaron la digestibilidad reduciendo CH4 y CO2

Repensando el turismo sustentable

El libro aborda la problemática del turismo sustentable que, por un lado, al compartir contornos nebulosos con la sustentabilidad, funciona como un nuevo circuito de acumulación fundamentado en un discurso retórico de desarrollo local; por el otro, se nos presenta como una alternativa potencial para la formulación de vías comunitarias de desarrollo local, que permitirían la prosperidad o al menos la sobrevivencia de culturas y territorios partucularizados.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros