The empirical evaluation of thermal conduction coefficient of some liquid composite heat insulating materials

We experimentally determined the coefficients of thermal conductivity of some ultra thin liquid composite heat insulating coatings, for sample 1 [lambda]=0.086 W/(m [x] C), for sample 2 [lambda]= 0.091 W/(m [x] C). We performed the measurement error calculation. The actual thermal conduction coefficient of the studied samples was higher than the declared one. The manufactures of liquid coatings might have used some "ideal" conditions when defining heat conductivity in the laboratory or the coefficient was obtained by means of theoretical solution of heat conduction problem in liquid composite insulating media. However, liquid insulating coatings are of great interest to builders, because they allow to warm objects of complex geometric shapes (valve chambers, complex assemblies, etc.), which makes them virtually irreplaceable. The proper accounting of heating qualities of paints will allow to avoid heat loss increase above the specified limits in insulated pipes with heat transfer materials or building structures, as well as protect them from possible thawing in the period of subzero weather

The mathematical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes under permanent frozen soil conditions

The physical-mathematical model of the thermal state of the aired technical underground taking into account the air exchange and design features of construction under permanent frozen soil conditions has been suggested. The computational scheme of the temperature fields prediction of building envelopes of projected buildings and soil under and nearby buildings has been developed. The numerical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes changes was conducted during a year. The results of the numerical simulation showed that the heat coming from the technical undergrounds and through the walls does not influence the temperature field of the soil neither under a building nor at a distance from it

The empirical definition of total emissivity of modern super-thin liquid composite thermal insulators

Modern world trends in the field of energy and mineral resources preservation policy involves the need for a more cost-efficient use of the Earth's natural resources, including in the field of construction industry. Using insulation modern materials would largely solve this problem. The acceptability appraisal of various advanced heat-insulating blankets is a crucial task, which requires experimental verification of total emissivity empirical definition of modern super-thin liquid composite thermal insulators and their real value definition. Method of investigation is as follows: an empirical definition of blankets emissivity using the proposed laboratory equipment, which comprises a system of "gray" bodies, thermocouple probe and a source of continuous heat flux. Total emissivity of modern super-thin liquid composite thermal insulators is experimentally determined. It amounted e = 0.89 for sample # 1, and e = 0.87 for sample # 2 at a temperature of 35-65 °C. It was found that the actual emissivity of the samples was higher than it had been declared

The mathematical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes under permanent frozen soil conditions

The physical-mathematical model of the thermal state of the aired technical underground taking into account the air exchange and design features of construction under permanent frozen soil conditions has been suggested. The computational scheme of the temperature fields prediction of building envelopes of projected buildings and soil under and nearby buildings has been developed. The numerical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes changes was conducted during a year. The results of the numerical simulation showed that the heat coming from the technical undergrounds and through the walls does not influence the temperature field of the soil neither under a building nor at a distance from it

Missing children: risks, repeats and responses

Investigating reports of missing children is a major source of demand for the police in the UK. Repeat disappearances are common, can indicate underlying vulnerabilities and have been linked with various forms of exploitation and abuse. Inspired by research on repeat victimisation, this paper examines the prevalence and temporal patterns of repeat missing episodes by children, as well as the characteristics of those involved. Using data on all missing children incidents recorded by one UK police service in 2015 (n = 3,352), we find that: (a) 75% of missing incidents involving children were repeats, i.e. attributed to children who had already been reported missing in 2015; (b) a small proportion of repeatedly missing children (n = 59; 4%) accounted for almost a third of all missing children incidents (n = 952, 28%); (c) over half of all first repeat disappearances occurred within four weeks of an initial police recorded missing episode; and (d) children recorded as missing ten times or more over the one year study period were significantly more likely than those recorded missing once to be teenagers, in the care system or to have drug and/or alcohol dependencies. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for future research and the prevention of repeat disappearances by children

The mathematical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes under permanent frozen soil conditions

The physical-mathematical model of the thermal state of the aired technical underground taking into account the air exchange and design features of construction under permanent frozen soil conditions has been suggested. The computational scheme of the temperature fields prediction of building envelopes of projected buildings and soil under and nearby buildings has been developed. The numerical simulation of the temperature fields of building envelopes changes was conducted during a year. The results of the numerical simulation showed that the heat coming from the technical undergrounds and through the walls does not influence the temperature field of the soil neither under a building nor at a distance from it

The <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i>, Arp2/3 Complex Is Recruited to Phagocytic Cups through an Atypical Kinase EhAK1

<div><p>The parasite <i>Entamoeba histolytica</i> is the etiological agent of amoebiasis and phagocytosis plays a key role in virulence of this organism. Signaling pathways involved in activation of cytoskeletal dynamics required for phagocytosis remain to be elucidated. Phagocytosis is initiated with sequential recruitment of EhC2PK, EhCaBP1, EhCaBP3 and an atypical kinase EhAK1 after particle attachment. Here we show that EhARPC1, an essential subunit of the actin branching complex Arp 2/3 is recruited to the phagocytic initiation sites by EhAK1. Imaging, expression knockdown of different molecules and pull down experiments suggest that EhARPC1 interacts with EhAK1 and that it is required during initiation of phagocytosis and phagosome formation. Moreover, recruitment of EhARPC2 at the phagocytosis initiation by EhAK1 is also observed, indicating that the Arp 2/3 complex is recruited. In conclusion, these results suggests a novel mechanism of recruitment of Arp 2/3 complex during phagocytosis in <i>E</i>. <i>histolytica</i>.</p></div

Localization of EhARPC1-GFP in phagocytosing RBC’s.

<p><b>(A)</b> The montage shows a time series of GFP-EhARPC1 expressing cells undergoing erythrophagocytosis. Phagocytic cups are marked by arrowheads; RBCs in DIC are marked by yellow color arrowhead and phagocytosed RBCs by red asterisk. Bar represents 10μm. <b>(B)</b> Graph shows the intensity of GFP-EhARPC1 with respect to ROI during phagocytosis. Images of cells at different time points are shown in a box.</p

Recruitment of Arp2/3 complex at the site of phagocytosis.

<p><b>(A)</b> Purified recombinant Kinase domain (KD) of EhAK1 or K85A (1μg) was incubated in the presence of γ-32P-ATP, MgCl² and substrate EhARPC1-GST ((2μg) at 30°C for 1 h. KD showed phosphorylation of EhARPC1-GSTwhereas K85A mutant of EhAK1 exhibits no autophosphorylation and substrate phosphorylation activities. The products were analysed on SDS-PAGE and visualized in a phosphorimager. Red color star marks autophosphorylation band of EhAK1-KD and yellow color star marks substrate phosphorylation band. <b>(B)</b> Total cell- lysate of <i>E</i>. <i>histolytica</i> was passed through agarose conjugated with either anti-EhARPC1/ purified anti–EhARPC2 antibody or pre-immune serum. Co-Immunoprecipitation of EhARPC1 and EhARPC2 was checked using respective antibodies. <b>(C)</b> Imaging of EhARPC2 with respect to EhARPC1 and Actin was done during erythrophagocytosis where <i>E</i>. <i>histolytica</i> cells were incubated with RBCs for indicated times at 37°C. The cells were then fixed and immunostained with anti-EhARPC1 and anti EhARPC2 antibody followed by Pacific blue-410 and Alexa 488-labelled secondary antibodies respectively. F-actin was stained with TRITC phalloidin. Images with Pacific blue-410 labelled anti-EhARPC1 antibody were given pseudo-color to gray for efficient visualization. Arrowhead indicate phagocytic cups, asterisk closed cups before scission, star marks phagosome and yellow arrowheads indicate RBC to be phagocytosed. Scale Bar represents 10 μm. <b>(D)</b> Colocalization analysis and PCC (r) from 25 cells was done by using Olympus Fluoview FV1000 software. The values obtained by a pairwise analysis of EhARPC2 with EhARPC1, actin and EhAK1 from phagocytic cups are indicated. <b>(E)</b> Immunostaining was performed for amoebic cells containing EhAK1 antisense construct grown in presence or absence of 30μg/ml tet and were incubated with RBCs for 5min at 37°C. The cells were then fixed and immunostained with anti-EhAK1 and anti-EhARPC2 antibody as indicated and double stained with Pacific blue-410 and Alexa 488-labelled secondary antibodies respectively. F-actin was stained with TRITC-phalloidin. Images with Pacific blue-410 labelled anti-EhAK1 (in presence of tetracycline) is pseudo-color to gray for efficient visualization. Yellow color arrowheads show the site of RBC attachment. Scale Bar represents 10 μm.</p

Involvement of EhARPC1 in pseudopod formation and phagocytosis.

<p><b>(A)</b> The montage shows a time series of motile trophozoites expressing GFP-EhARPC1. A number of pseudopods in different directions can be visualized and are marked by white arrowheads. Bar represents 10μm. <b>(B)</b> Time course of intensity of GFP-EhARPC1 (ROI) was determined at leading edge of amoeba. Snapshot of ROI selected is shown at two time points where GFP-EhARPC1 fluorescent intensity increases and then gradually decreases. <b>(C)</b> Quantitative determination of phagocytic events was carried out in 25 cells by randomly selecting them and counting the number of phagocytic cups, closed cups before scission, and phagosomes present in these cells. <b>(D)</b> <i>E</i>. <i>histolytica</i> trophozoites actively phagocytosing RBCs, incubated for different times and representing different stages of phagocytosis were stained for EhARPC1 (Alexa 488) and actin (TRITC phalloidin). Arrowhead indicate phagocytic cups, asterisks mark closure of cup before scission, stars mark phagosomes, and yellow arrowheads indicate RBCs in the process of phagocytosis. Bar represents 10μm.</p