Cluster structures on quantum coordinate rings

We show that the quantum coordinate ring of the unipotent subgroup N(w) of a symmetric Kac-Moody group G associated with a Weyl group element w has the structure of a quantum cluster algebra. This quantum cluster structure arises naturally from a subcategory C_w of the module category of the corresponding preprojective algebra. An important ingredient of the proof is a system of quantum determinantal identities which can be viewed as a q-analogue of a T-system. In case G is a simple algebraic group of type A, D, E, we deduce from these results that the quantum coordinate ring of an open cell of a partial flag variety attached to G also has a cluster structure.Comment: v2: minor corrections. v3: references updated, final version to appear in Selecta Mathematic

Equivalent configurations for notch and fretting fatigue

Under the typical partial slip conditions under which fretting fatigue takes place, the amount of superficial damage is small. Therefore, the substantial reduction in fatigue life caused by fretting, when compared to plain fatigue, may well be more associated with the stress concentration and the stress gradient phenomena generated by the contact problem than to the superficial loss of material. In this setting, notch stress-based methodologies could, in principle, be applied to fretting in the medium/high cycle fatigue regime. The aim of this work was to investigate whether it is possible to design fretting and notch fatigue configurations, which are nominally identical in terms of damage measured by a multiaxial fatigue model. The methodology adopted to carry out this search considered a cylindrical on flat contact and a V-notch. Load and geometry dimensions of both configurations were adjusted in order to try to obtain the “same” decay of the Multiaxial Fatigue Index from the hot spot up to a critical distance. Positive results of such simulations can lead us to design an experimental program that can bring more firm conclusions on the use of pure stress-based approaches, which do not include the wear damage, in the modeling of fretting fatigue

The SIGMA rat brain templates and atlases for multimodal MRI data analysis and visualization

Preclinical imaging studies offer a unique access to the rat brain, allowing investigations that go beyond what is possible in human studies. Unfortunately, these techniques still suffer from a lack of dedicated and standardized neuroimaging tools, namely brain templates and descriptive atlases. Here, we present two rat brain MRI templates and their associated gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid probability maps, generated from ex vivo [Formula: see text]-weighted images (90 µm isotropic resolution) and in vivo T2-weighted images (150 µm isotropic resolution). In association with these templates, we also provide both anatomical and functional 3D brain atlases, respectively derived from the merging of the Waxholm and Tohoku atlases, and analysis of resting-state functional MRI data. Finally, we propose a complete set of preclinical MRI reference resources, compatible with common neuroimaging software, for the investigation of rat brain structures and functions.This work is part of the SIGMA project with the reference FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012, co-financed by the French public funding agency ANR (Agence Nationale pour laRecherche, APP Blanc International II 2012), the Portuguese FCT (Fundação para aCiência e Tecnologia) and the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2—O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through theEuropean Regional Development Fund (FEDER) as well as the Projecto Estratégico co-funded by FCT (PEst-C/SAU/LA0026-/2013) and the European Regional DevelopmentFund COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037298). D.A.B. and A.N. were funded bygrants from FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012. R.M. was supported by the FCT fellow-ship grant with the reference PDE/BDE/113604/2015 from the PhDiHES program. A.C.was supported by a grant from the foundation NRJ. P.M. was funded by FundaçãoCalouste Gulbenkian (Portugal;‘Better mental health during ageing based on temporalprediction of individual brain ageing trajectories TEMPO’) with Grant Number P-139977. France Life Imaging is acknowledged for its support in funding the NeuroSpinplatform of preclinical MRI scanners. The authors also acknowledge and thank EdwardGanz, MD, for proof reading our work

Kinematic behavior of southern Alaska constrained by westward decreasing postglacial slip rates on the Denali Fault, Alaska

Long-term slip rates for the Denali Fault in southern Alaska are derived using ^(10)Be cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) dating of offset glacial moraines at two sites. Correction of ^(10)Be CRN model ages for the effect of snow shielding uses historical, regional snow cover data scaled to the site altitudes. To integrate the time variation of snow cover, we included the relative changes in effective wetness over the last 11 ka, derived from lake-level records and δ^(18)O variations from Alaskan lakes. The moraine CRN model ages are normally distributed around an average of 12.1 ± 1.0 ka (n = 22, ± 1σ). The slip rate decreases westward from ~13 mm/a at 144°49′W to about 7 mm/a at 149°26′W. The data are consistent with a kinematic model in which southern Alaska translates northwestward at a rate of ~14 mm/a relative to a stable northern Alaska with no rotation. This suggests progressive slip partitioning between the Denali Fault and the active fold and thrust belt at the northern front of the Alaska range, with convergence rates increasing westward from ~4 mm/a to 11 mm/a between ~149°W and 145°W. As the two moraines sampled for this study were emplaced synchronously, our suggestion of a westward decrease in the slip rate of the Denali Fault relies largely upon the measured offsets at both sites, regardless of any potential systematic uncertainty in the CRN model ages

The dynamics of stress: a longitudinal MRI study of rat brain structure and connectome

Stress is a well-established trigger for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders, as it alters both structure and function of several brain regions and its networks. Herein, we conduct a longitudinal neuroimaging study to assess how a chronic unpredictable stress protocol impacts the structure of the rat brain and its functional connectome in both high and low responders to stress. Our results reveal the changes that stress triggers in the brain, with structural atrophy affecting key regions such as the prelimbic, cingulate, insular and retrosplenial, somatosensory, motor, auditory and perirhinal/entorhinal cortices, the hippocampus, the dorsomedial striatum, nucleus accumbens, the septum, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, the thalamus and several brain stem nuclei. These structural changes are associated with increasing functional connectivity within a network composed by these regions. Moreover, using a clustering based on endocrine and behavioural outcomes, animals were classified as high and low responders to stress. We reveal that susceptible animals (high responders) develop local atrophy of the ventral tegmental area and an increase in functional connectivity between this area and the thalamus, further spreading to other areas that link the cognitive system with the fight-or-flight system. Through a longitudinal approach we were able to establish two distinct patterns, with functional changes occurring during the exposure to stress, but with an inflection point after the first week of stress when more prominent changes were seen. Finally, our study revealed differences in functional connectivity in a brainstem-limbic network that distinguishes resistant and susceptible responders before any exposure to stress, providing the first potential imaging-based predictive biomarkers of an individual's resilience/vulnerability to stressful conditions.This work is part of the Sigma project with the reference FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/ 0258/2012 co-financed by the French public funding agency ANR (Agence National pour la Recherche, APP Blanc International II 2012), the Portuguese FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) and by the Portuguese North Regional Operational Program (ON.2 – O Novo Norte) under the National Strategic Reference Framework (QREN), through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) as well as the Projecto Estratégico co-funded by FCT (PEst-C/SAU/LA0026-/2013) and the European Regional Development Fund COMPETE (FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-037298). DAB and AN were funded by grants from FCT-ANR/NEU-OSD/0258/2012. RM is supported by the FCT fellowship grant with the reference PDE/BDE/113604/2015 from the PhDiHES program; AC was supported by a grant from the foundation NRJ. PM was funded by Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian (Portugal; ‘Better mental health during ageing based on temporal prediction of individual brain ageing trajectories (TEMPO)’), Grant Number P-139977. We thank Drs Patrício Costa and Pedro Moreira for support on the various statistical analyses.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genetic diversity of a large set of horse breeds raised in France assessed by microsatellite polymorphism

After the recent publication of our article (Leroy, Genetics Selection Evolution 2009 41:5), we found several errors in the published Table Three, concerning the computation of contribution to within-breed diversity (CW). We apologize to the readers for these errors, which are corrected in the present erratum

Genetic variability within French race and riding horse breeds from genealogical data and blood marker polymorphisms

The genetic variability of five horse breeds raised in France was analysed: Thoroughbred, Trotteur Français, Arab, Anglo-Arab and Selle Français. Genealogical data and genotypes at seven blood group and nine protein loci were used. Paternal family sizes were found to be unbalanced, especially in Trotteur français, Selle Franqais and Thoroughbred. Average coefficients of inbreeding for offspring born from 1989 to 1992 were 1.02 (Thoroughbred), 1.86 (Trotteur Français), 3.08 (Arab), 1.17 (Anglo-Arab) and 0.70% (Selle Français). High individual coefficients (> 6.25%) were found in substantial proportions only in Arab, where such high values represent one fifth of the total individual coefficients. Inbreeding was analysed according to the number of generations of ancestors considered. The results revealed the importance of close inbreeding in Arab and remote inbreeding in Thoroughbred. Arab was the only breed that showed evidence for a substantial amount of mating between close relatives. From 1974 to 1992, the rates of inbreeding, in percentage points per year, were + 0.026 (Thoroughbred), + 0.052 (Trotteur Français), + 0.071 (Arab), + 0.029 (Anglo-Arab) and + 0.024 (Selle Franqais). The distribution of genetic contributions of founder animals was found to be unbalanced, especially in Trotteur Français where 25 founder animals only accounted for half the actual gene pool. No significant time-trend was found for blood markers allelic frequencies. The mean heterozygosity was highest in Trotteur Franqais and Selle Français and lowest in Thoroughbred and Anglo-Arab. The meaning of recent trends for genetic variability is discussed. The need for equalizing paternal family sizes in the future is outlined.On a dressé un bilan de la variabilité génétique au sein des cinq principales races françaises de chevaux de course et de sport, le Pur-Sang, le Trotteur Français, l’Arabe, l’Anglo-Arabe et le Selle Français. On a utilisé les données généalogiques ainsi que les résultats de typage pour sept groupes sanguins et neuf protéines sanguines. La distribution du nombre de descendants, mâles ou femelles, par étalon est déséquilibrée, particulièrement pour le Trotteur Français, le Selle Français et le Pur-Sang. Le coefficient de consanguinité moyen des animaux nés entre 1989 et 1992 est de 1, 02 % (Pur-Sang), 1,86 %, (Trotteur Français), 3,08 % (Arabe), 1,17 % (Anglo-Arabe) et 0,70 % (Selle Français). Des coefficients individuels élevés (> 6,25 %) n’ont été trouvés en proportion substantielle que chez l’Arabe, où ils représentent un cinquième des valeurs calculées. Une analyse des coefficients moyens en fonction du nombre de générations d’ancêtres considéré montre l’importance de la consanguinité éloignée chez le Pur-Sang et de la consanguinité proche chez l’Arabe, seule race où la pratique des accouplements entre proches apparentés semble être courante. De 1974 à 1992, le taux d’accroissement du coefficient de consanguinité moyen (en points de pourcentage) par année de naissance a été de + 0, 026 (Pur-Sang), + 0, 052 (Trotteur Français), + 0, 071 (Arabe), + 0, 029 (Anglo-Arabe) and + 0, 024 (Selle Français). La distribution des contributions des ancêtres fondateurs au patrimoine génétique actuel est déséquilibrée. La situation est particulièrement critique chez le Trotteur Français, où seulement 25 animaux fondateurs contribuent pour la moitié des gènes présents actuellement. Aucune tendance significative d’évolution des fréquences géniques des marqueurs sanguins n’a pu être mise en évidence. L’hétérozygotie moyenne est la plus élevée pour le Trotteur Français et le Selle Français et la plus faible pour le Pur-Sang et l’Anglo-Arabe. La signification et les causes de l’évolution récente de la variabilité génétique au sein de chaque race sont discutées. On insiste sur la nécessité de mieux équilibrer les tailles de familles paternelles afin de préserver la variabilité actuelle