PATHOMORPHOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTICS OF ENZOOTIC PNEUMONIA OF PIGS

Показано, що основними критеріями патоморфологічної діагностики ензоотичної пневмонії у свиней є зміни, характерні для десквамативної пневмонії з геморагічним акцентом або інтерстиціальної пневмонії і деструкція епітелію бронхів. Завершенням хвороби є пневмофіброз як результат продуктивного запалення.При патоморфологічному дослідженні імунокомпетентних органів виявляли: структурні еквіваленти нормальної імунної відповіді; морфологічні ознаки порушень імунної відповіді внаслідок пригнічення функції органів імуногенезу під час захворювання на ензоотичну пневмонію (вторинний імунодефіцит). Такі зміни можна ідентифікувати як прояви декомпенсації імунної відповіді, які суттєво впливають на подальший перебіг інфекційного захворювання, оскільки відомо, що дефіцит клітинного імунітету характеризується рецидивами інфекцій різної етіології, а також генералізацією процесу.Показано, что основными критериями патоморфологической диагностики энзоотической пневмонии у свиней являются изменения характерные для десквамативной пневмонии с геморрагическим акцентом или интерстициальной пневмонии и деструкция эпителия бронхов. Завершением болезни является пневмофиброз, как результат продуктивного воспаления.При патоморфологическом исследовании иммунокомпетентных органов выявляли: структурные эквиваленты нормального иммунного ответа; морфологические признаки нарушений иммунного ответа вследствие угнетения функции органов иммуногенеза во время заболевания энзоотической пневмонией (вторичный иммунодефицит). Такие изменения идентифицируются как проявления декомпенсации иммунного ответа, которые существенно влияют на дальнейшее течение инфекционного заболевания, поскольку известно, что дефицит клеточного иммунитета характеризуется рецидивами инфекций разной этиологии, а также генерализацией процесса.It was shown that the basic criteria of pathomorphological diagnostics of enzootic pneumonia in pigs are changes, characteristic for desquamative pneumonia with a hemorragic accent or interstitial pneumonia and destruction of epithelium of bronchial tubes. Completion of illness is pneumofibrosis, as a result of productive inflammation.At pathomorphological investigation of immunological competent organs established: the structural equivalents of normal immune answer;  morphological symptoms of violations of immune answer by suppressing of function of organs of immunogenesis during the disease of enzootic pneumonia (secondary immunodeficiency). Such changes can be identified as manifestations of decompensation of immune response, which affect importantly on the following development of infectious disease, because it is known, that deficit of cellular immunity is characterized by relapses of different infections and the generalization of the process as well

Problems of software complexes application in construction structures calculations

The article considers the stages of building structures calculations during the pre-computer period and after the introduction of computers into the engineering process. The article describes the functions and capabilities of modern calculated software systems used to improve the automation rate and the quality of designing and erecting buildings. The possible problems of calculated software complexes are clarified, and attention is focused on the lack of the information base about methods of forming frameworks calculated schemes in software complexes. Examples confirm the analyzing necessity calculation results in software packages. Conclusions in further research about calculated software systems using are formulated

Polarization switching kinetics at the nanoscale in ferroelectric copolymer Langmuir-Blodgett films

The polarization switching kinetics of ferroelectric Langmuir–Blodgett films of vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene copolymer were investigated by piezoresponse force microscopy with a resolution of 100 nm. The switching time in response to a localized voltage pulse exhibits an exponential dependence on reciprocal voltage, which is consistent with nucleation-limited switching dynamics

Profile of Self-Regulation and Social Activity in the Portrait of Russian Youth

Background. The relevance of studying the social activity of young people in the context of self-regulation is determined by the vulnerability of young people in difficult conditions of a transforming society subject to uncertainty. In social activity, young people socialize, manifest themselves, and therefore it is necessary to understand its factors, motives for inclusion in one or another of its forms, obstacles to its implementation, as well as risks and threats to the safety and well-being. Objectives. The aim is to establish the role of self-regulation in the involvement of young people in social activity, considering regional and gender specifics. Study Participants. This study involved 1492 respondents (Mage = 19.2; 1013 women), students of various majors from Russian regions. Methods. The research had a survey design, the questionnaires and scales were used in this work for collecting data: V.I. Morosanova's “Style of self-regulation of behavior”, Eysenck's three-factor model, FIRO-B, British scale of well-being, Scale of Russian parties and socio-political organizations attractiveness, Assessment of social contacts intensity and participation in events, and informal associations, a socio-demographic survey. Methods of descriptive statistics, cluster (k-means method) and comparative (t-Student and H-Kraskel-Wallis criterion) analyses were used for data processing. Results. It is established that the leading regulatory processes and properties in the profile of self-regulation of young people are persistence, programming of actions, and flexibility. Self-regulation has a greater impact on such forms of social activity of young people as leisure activities, participation in clubs, spontaneous events as the organizer of these forms with a predominant value for girls rather than for boys. Conclusions. The study showed the typical features of the self-regulation profile of young people. This profile is mostly conditioned by the age specifics of this social group. The limited influence of the processes and properties of self-regulation on the forms of social activity, especially in relation to young men, suggests the need to consider other factors of social activity in a complex

27 Al NMR/MRI Studies of the Transport of Granular Al 2 O 3

The NMR/MRI techniques are applicable to the studies of motion of granular solids, providing information on the velocities, effective diffusivities and correlation times of the moving particles. The studies of transport of granular solids reported to-date are based on the detection of the 1H NMR signal of the liquid phase of liquid-containing solid materials. Yet, the solid phase of many granular solids contains magnetic nuclei, providing in principle an opportunity to study motion of such solids by directly detecting the NMR signal of the solid phase. In this paper, we demonstrate that this can be performed with the use of conventional echo pulse sequences in combination with the conventional motion encoding schemes. The detection of the 27Al NMR signal of the Al2O3 powder was used to obtain velocity maps of the powder packed in a spinning cylinder, and to measure the velocity distribution (average propagator) for the gravity driven transport of the same powder in a vertical pipe

Functional Sensory-Motor Performance Following Long Term Space Flight: The First Results of "Field Test" Experiment

The effect that extended-duration space flights may have on human space travelers, including exploration missions, is widely discussed at the present time. Specifically, there is an increasing amount of evidence showing that the physical capacity of cosmonauts is significantly reduced after long-duration space flights. It is evident that the most impaired functions are those that rely on gravity, particularly up right posture and gait. Because of the sensorimotor disturbances manifested in the neurology of the posture and gait space flight and postflight changes may also be observed in debilitating motion sickness. While the severity of particular symptoms varies, disturbances in spatial orientation and alterations in the accuracy of voluntary movements are persistently observed after long-duration space flights. At this time most of the currently available data are primarily descriptive and not yet suitable for predicting operational impacts of most sensorimotor decrements observed upon landing on planetary surfaces or asteroids. In particular there are no existing data on the recovery dynamics or functionality of neurological, cardiovascular or muscle performance making it difficult to model or simulate the cosmonauts' activity after landing and develop the appropriate countermeasure that will ensure the rapid and safe recovery of crewmembers immediately after landing in what could be hostile environments. However and as a starting position, the videos we have acquired during recent data collection following the long duration flights of cosmonauts and astronauts walking and performing other tasks shortly after return from space flight speak volumes about their level of deconditioning. A joint Russian-American team has developed a new study specifically to address the changes in crewmembers performance and the recovery of performance with the intent of filling the missing data gaps. The first (pilot) phase of this study includes recording body kinematics and quantifying the coordination and timing of relatively simple basic movements - transition from seated and prone positions to standing, walking, stepping over obstacles, tandem walking, muscle compliance, as well as characteristics of postural sway and orthostatic tolerance. Testing for changes in these parameters have been initiated in the medical tent at the landing site. The first set of experiments showed that during the first hour after landing, cosmonauts and astronauts were able to execute (although slower and with more effort than preflight) simple movements such as egress from a seated or prone position and also to remain standing for 3.5 minutes without exhibiting pronounced cardiovascular changes. More challenging tests, however, demonstrated a prominent reduction in coordination - the obstacle task, for example, was performed at much slower speed and with a marked overestimation of the obstacle height and tandem walking was greatly degraded suggesting significant changes in proprioception, brainstem and vestibular function. There is some speculation that the neural changes, either from the bottom-up or top down may be long lasting; requiring compensatory responses that will modify or mask the adverse responses we have observed. Furthermore, these compensatory responses may actually be beneficial, helping achieve a more rapid adaptation to both weightlessness and a return to earth

Clinical and laboratory characteristics of acute intestinal infections associated with hemocolitis.

The article analyzes clinical and laboratory features of acute intestinal infection (AII) in children with hemocolitis. The analysis of the results revealed that the presence of hemocolitis in patients with acute intestinal infections requires the use of several methods of etiological diagnosis.В статье проанализированы клинико-лабораторные особенности течения острой кишечной инфекции (ОКИ) у детей, сопровождающиеся гемоколитом. Выявлено, что наличие гемоколита у больных острыми кишечными инфекциями требует применения нескольких методов этиологической диагностики

Биоизостерные аналоги коричной кислоты в качестве потенциальных нейропротекторов

Compounds that act on mitochondrial functions are considered as promising drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and age-related dementias. As a basis for the creation of such potential drugs, bioisosteric cinnamic acid analogs and polymethoxybenzene derivatives were selected. Derivatives of cinnamic acid have a wide range of biological activities, which can be important for drugs aimed at the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, in particular Alzheimer′s disease. In this work, the neuroprotective activity of bioisosteric cinnamic acid analogs and polymethoxybenzene derivatives was studied. Among the compounds studied, lead substances 3, 4, and 7 have been identified. These compounds show no intrinsic toxicity and have a neuroprotective effect on the cellular model of neurodegeneration associated with calcium stress. The mechanism of their cytoprotective activity is probably due to the influence on mitochondrial functions, because these compounds effectively suppress the calcium-induced process of mitochondrial permeability jump. In addition, one of the substances investigated (7) has antioxidant properties, showing the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation (LPO) of rat brain homogenate, which may be an additional mechanism of neuroprotective effect. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the investigated substances as a basis for the creation of effective neuroprotective drugs capable of influencing early stages of the development of neurodegenerative diseases.Соединения, направленно действующие на митохондриальные функции, рассматриваются как перспективные лекарственные препараты для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний и возрастных деменций. В качестве основы для создания таких потенциальных лекарственных средств были выбраны биоизостерные аналоги коричной кислоты и производные полиметоксибензолов. Производные коричной кислоты имеют широкий спектр биологических активностей, который может иметь значение для лекарственных препаратов, направленных на лечение нейродегенеративных заболеваний, в частности болезни Альцгеймера. В данной работе исследована нейропротекторная активность биоизостерных аналогов коричной кислоты и производных полиметоксибензолов. Среди исследованных соединений выявлены вещества-лидеры 3, 4 и 7. Эти соединения не проявляют собственной токсичности и оказывают нейропротекторный эффект на клеточной модели нейродегенерации, связанной с кальциевым стрессом. Механизм их цитопротекторной активности, возможно, обусловлен влиянием на функции митохондрий, поскольку эти соединения эффективно подавляют кальций-индуцированный процесс скачка митохондриальной проницаемости. Кроме того, одно из исследованных веществ (7) обладает антиоксидантными свойствами, проявляя способность к ингибированию перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) гомогената мозга крыс, что может быть дополнительным механизмом нейропротекторного эффекта. Полученные данные позволяют рекомендовать исследованные вещества в качестве основы для создания эффективных нейропротекторных препаратов, способных повлиять на ранние стадии развития нейродегенеративных заболеваний

Impact of Cultivating Environment on the Terms of Persistence and Certain Properties of Cholera Vibrios

Objective of the study is to investigate the impact of cultivating temperature and medium on the terms of persistence, ctx gene retention, and enzymatic activity of V. cholerae O1 with various toxigenicity.Materials and methods. Utilized were the strains of V. cholerae El Tor: P-5879, P-19613, and also the strain P-19787.Results and conclusions. In the process of studying cholera vibrios El Tor with different genetic characteristics it was determined that the longest terms of persistence (19 days) on mineral substrates at 5 ºC were observed for toxigenic strains, while for non-toxigenic ones it made less than 17 days. At the same time cholera vibrios can persist continuously and even reproduce on mineral substrates under the conditions of subnormal lowered temperatures (not less than 10 °C). Toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae, irrespectively of cultivating medium and temperature, retained ctx gene in their genome and maintained enzymatic activity throughout the experiment. Such long-term persistence of cholera vibrios at low temperatures on mineral substrates may be regarded as possibility of preservation of V. cholerae toxigenic strains in case of import by the infected persons or vibrio-carriers

CONNECTION OF SELF-REGULATION WITH ACTIVITY OF RUSSIAN YOUTH

The article assesses the relationship between the self-regulation of youth behavior in the regions of Russia and their activity. Regional and gender differences in the severity of the processes and properties of self-regulation are analyzed, the distribution of types and the level of expression of socio-political and religious activity by region is revealed. Correlations are established and the dependence between sell-regulation, types of social and political activity, religious affiliation of young people is checked.В работе дается характеристика саморегуляции поведения российской молодежи и оценка ее связи с активностью студенчества в регионах России. Анализируются региональные и половые различия в выраженности процессов и свойств саморегуляции как личностного предиктора социальной активности и политических предпочтений учащейся молодежи. Проверяется зависимость между саморегуляцией и видами активности студенчества с учетом социально-демографических характеристик молодых людей