School Teachers as Agents of Political Socialization in Modern Russia

Статья посвящена анализу школы как института политической социализации. Рассмотрены теоретические проблемы изучения школы как института политической социализации. Также были выявлены психологические особенности школьных учителей как основного агента политической социализации.This article is devoted to the analysis of the school as an institution of political socialization. The theoretical problems of studying the school as an institution of political socialization are considered. Psychological features of schoolteachers as the main agent of political socialization were also revealed.Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ и ЭИСИ в рамках научного проекта № 21–011–33028 «Учат в школе»: как изменились ценности и представления о политике учеников российских школ и их учителей в процессе трансформации политического режима.The study was financially supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and EISI within the framework of the scientific project No. 21–011–33028 “Taught at school”: how the values and ideas about politics of Russian school students and their teachers have changed in the process of transforming the political regime

УПРАВЛЕНИЕ МИКРОСТРУКТУРОЙ И СВОЙСТВАМИ ФЕРРИТОВ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ДВУХСТАДИЙНОГО СИНТЕЗА

Two−phase influence on microstructure and property of ferrite of different purpose was investigated. It is shown that fine dispersed component doped at the second step (milling) effectively brakes growth of grains, promoting reception of dense, homogeneous, fine−grained ferrite materials. Thus such properties as initial magnetic permeability, mechanical strength essentially raise and magnetic losses decrease. Change of modes of baking allows to receive coarse−grained homogeneous materials.Influence of two−phase synthesis on a microstructure and property nickel−zinc, manganese−zinc, lithium−titanic ferrite spinels is more below considered discussed.Исследовано влияние двухстадийного синтеза на микроструктуру и свойства ферритов различного назначения. Показано, что мелкодисперсный компонент, вводимый на второй стадии (при измельчении), эффективно тормозит рост зерен, способствуя получению плотных, однородных, мелкозернистых ферритовых материалов. При этом существенно повышаются начальная магнитная проницаемость, механическая прочность и их воспроизводимость, а магнитные потери уменьшаются. Изменение режимов спекания позволяет получать крупнозернистые одно-родные материалы.Ниже рассмотрено влияние двухстадийного синтеза на микроструктуру и свойства никельцинковых и магний−цинковых феррошпинелей

The influence of the landscape structure within buffer zones, catchment land use and instream environmental variables on mollusc communities in a medium-sized lowland river

The world’s freshwater molluscan fauna is facing unprecedented threats from habitat loss and degradation. Declines in native populations are mostly attributed to the human impact, which results in reduced water quality. The objectives of our survey were to analyse the structure of the mollusc communities in a medium-sized lowland river and to determine the most important environmental variables at different spatial scales, including landscape structure, catchment land use and instream environmental factors that influence their structure. Our survey showed that a medium-sized river, that flows through areas included in the European Ecological Natura 2000 Network Programme of protected sites, provides diverse instream habitats and niches that support 47 mollusc species including Unio crassus, a bivalve of Community interest, whose conservation requires the designation of a special conservation area under the Habitats Directive Natura 2000. This survey showed that mollusc communities are impacted by several environmental variables that act together at multiple scales. The landscape structure within buffer zones, catchment land use and instream environmental variables were all important and influenced the structure of mollusc communities. Therefore, they should all be taken into consideration in the future restoration of the river, future management projects and programmes for the conservation of biodiversity in running waters. The results of this study may be directly applicable for the rehabilitation of river ecosystems and are recommended to stakeholders in their future decision concerning landscape planning, monitoring species and their habitats, conservation plans and management in accordance with the requirements of sustainable development

Оценка in vivo биосовместимых свойств резорбируемых пористых материалов для плевральной имплантации

Correcting the pleural cavity space or filling large residual cavities (up to 500-700 cm3), arising as a result of extensive combined resections of the lung or extrapleural pneumolysis in tuberculosis and other lung diseases, still remains a challenging issue. The surgical methods used to correct the pleural cavity space are traumatic in nature. Moreover, various biological and synthetic materials used are not effective enough. Objective: to conduct an in vivo study of the biocompatible properties of laboratory samples of porous materials based on polylactide (PLA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) as potential materials for pleural implants development, as part of the general problem of developing a resorbable porous implant for intra- and extrapleural implantation and in situ formation of a «biological filling» to correct the volume of the pleural cavity. Materials and methods. In vivo subcutaneous implantation was performed in Wistar rats. The experiment involved the following samples: No. 1 - 3.0%; No. 2 - 4.0%; No. 3 - 1.7%. The ratio of the polymers in the solution was, respectively: 3/1, 1/3 and 1/1 PLA/PCL. Highly porous implants were obtained by lyophilization. The porosity of the samples ranged from 96.0% to 98.3%. The Young's modulus was from 100 to 1800 kPa. In the control group, a Mentor silicone implant shell was used. The explantation time was 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 14 weeks. Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies of explants and surrounding local tissues were conducted. Results. Reaction of local tissues to the implantation of three types of samples of different composition from PLA/PCL, accompanied by material resorption processes, replacement by fibrous tissue, vascularization and encapsulation, without perifocal inflammation and reactive changes, indicates the biocompatibility of the materials studied. In control samples with silicone implant, a long-lasting perifocal reaction from eosinophilic leukocytes was revealed, which prevents us from excluding the possibility of an allergic reaction to the implant material in the surrounding tissues. Conclusion. In vivo experiments on the small animals show the biosafety and high biocompatibility of laboratory samples of bioresorbable highly porous matrices based on polylactide and polycaprolatcon as potential materials for development of pleural implants. Further studies with scaling of laboratory samples and a detailed study of the dynamics of biodegradation of porous matrices in vivo in large animals are required. The need for further improvement in laboratory samples of bioresorbable pleural implants is associated with giving the porous matrices antibacterial, bioactive and X-ray contrast properties.До настоящего времени сохраняет свою актуальность проблема коррекции объема плевральной полости, или заполнения остаточных полостей больших объемов (до 500-700 см3), возникающих в результате обширных комбинированных резекций легкого или экстраплеврального пневмолиза при туберкулезе и других заболеваниях легких. Применяемые хирургические методы коррекции объема плевральной полости травматичны, а используемые различные материалы биологического и синтетического происхождения оказались недостаточно эффективными. Цель. В рамках общей проблемы разработки резорбируемого пористого имплантата для интра- и экстраплевральной имплантации и формирования in situ «биологической пломбы» как метода коррекции объема плевральной полости, целью данного исследования стало изучение in vivo биосовместимых свойств лабораторных образцов пористых материалов на основе полилактида (PLA) и поликапролактона (PCL), как потенциальных материалов для разработки плевральных имплантатов. Материалы и методы. Использовался метод подкожной имплантации in vivo крысам породы «Вистар». В эксперименте участвовали следующие образцы: № 1 - 3,0%; № 2 - 4,0%; № 3 - 1,7%, при этом соотношение полимеров в растворе составляло соответственно: 3/1; 1/3 и 1/1 PLA/PCL. Методом получения высокопористых имплантатов была лиофилизация. Пористость образцов варьировалась в диапазоне 96,0-98,3%, а модуль Юнга в зависимости от состава составил от 100 до 1800 кПа. В контрольной группе использовали оболочку силиконового имплантата фирмы Mentor. Сроки эксплантации составили 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 12, 14 недель. Проводились гистологические, гистохимические и иммуногистохимические исследования эксплантатов и окружающих местных тканей. Результаты. Реакция местных тканей на имплантацию трех видов образцов разного состава из PLA/PCL, сопровождающаяся процессами резорбции материала, замещением его фиброзной тканью, васкуляризацией и инкапсуляцией, без перифокального воспалительного процесса и изменений реактивного характера, свидетельствует о биосовместимости исследованных материалов. В контрольных образцах с силиконовым имплантатом выявлена длительно сохраняющаяся перифокальная реакция из эозинофильных лейкоцитов, что не позволяет исключить возможность аллергического воздействия материала имплантата на прилежащие ткани. Выводы. Проведенные экспериментальные работы in vivo на мелких животных показывают биобезопасность и высокую биосовместимость лабораторных образцов биорезорбируемых высокопористых матриксов на основе полилактида и поликапролаткона как потенциальных материалов для разработки плевральных имплантатов. Требуется проведение дальнейших исследований с масштабированием лабораторных образцов и детальное изучение динамики биоразложения пористых матриксов in vivo на крупных животных. Дальнейшее совершенствование лабораторных образцов биорезобируемых плевральных имплантатов связано с приданием пористым матриксам антибактериальных, биоактивных и рентгенконтрастных свойств

Multimediacompetence as a part by teaching german as a foreighn language

The article deals with methods of teaching the German as a foreign language by means of the Internet-technologies. The author shows the possibility of this means of teaching

Spacecraft Radio Frequency Fluctuations in the Solar Corona: A MESSENGER–HELIOS Composite Study

Fluctuations in plasma electron density may play a role in solar coronal energy transport and the dissipation of wave energy. Transcoronal spacecraft radio sounding observations reveal frequency fluctuations (FFs) that encode the electron number density disturbances, allowing an exploration of the coronal compressive wave and advected inhomogeneity models. Primary FF observations from MESSENGER 2009 and published FF residuals from HELIOS 1975–1976 superior conjunctions were combined to produce a composite view of equatorial region FF near solar minimum over solar offset range 1.4–25R ⊙. Methods to estimate the electron number density fluctuation variance from the observed FF were developed. We created a simple stacked, magnetically structured slab model that incorporated both propagating slow density waves and advected spatial density variations to explain the observed FF. Slow density waves accounted for most of the FF at low solar offset, while spatial density inhomogeneities advected at solar wind speed dominated above the sonic point at 6R ⊙. Corresponding spatial scales ranged 1–38 Mm, with scales above 10 Mm contributing most to FF variance. Magnetic structuring of the model introduced radial elongation anistropy at lower solar offsets, but geometric conditions for isotropy were achieved as the slab correlation scales increased further out in the corona. The model produced agreement with the FF observations up to 12R ⊙. FF analysis provides information on electron density fluctuations in the solar corona, and should take into account the background compressive slow waves and solar wind-related advection of quasi-static spatial density variations

Coronal Electron Density Fluctuations Inferred from Akatsuki Spacecraft Radio Observations

Abstract Trans-coronal radio observations were taken during the 2011 observing campaign of the Akatsuki spacecraft through superior conjunction. The observed X-band (8.4 GHz) signals exhibit frequency fluctuations (FF) that are produced by temporal variations in electron density along the radio ray path. A two-component model for interpretation of the FF is proposed: FF scales largely with acoustic wave amplitude through the inner coronal regions where the sound speed dwarfs the solar wind outflow speed, while FF in the region of solar wind acceleration is dominated by the increased density oscillation frequency on the sensing path that results from bulk advection of the plasma inhomogeneities. An estimate of fractional electron density fluctuation is obtained from the mid-corona. A radial profile of slow solar wind speed is determined in the extended corona using mass-flux continuity principles. The coronal sonic point for slow solar wind is estimated to range from 4 to 5 solar radii from the heliocenter

Bio-inspired materials for nutrient biocapture from wastewater: Microalgal cells immobilized on chitosan-based carriers

The successful application of the cross-linked chitosan-based polymers for microalgae immobilization and biocapture of nutrients is reported for the first time. Highly porous, hydrophilic polymers were obtained by cross-linking of 250 kDa or 600 kDa chitosan with glutaraldehyde. Both cross-linked chitosan polymers were characterized by high microalgae immobilization efficiency and supported the prolonged cultivation of immobilized Lobosphaera sp. IPPAS 2047 cells without impairing their growth and photosynthetic activity. The 600 kDA chitosan-based polymers demonstrated higher mechanical and biological stability during 7 d incubation than those based on the 250 kDa chitosan. The nutrient removal capacity of the chitosan-immobilized Lobosphaera cells was significantly higher as compared to that of the suspended cells. The specific removal rates of inorganic phosphate and nitrate by the suspended microalgae cells cultivated without cross-linked chitosan polymers comprised 0.36 and 0.50 mg mg−1 Chl d−1, while the chitosan-immobilized Lobosphaera cells consumed phosphate and nitrate at rates 6.01 and 0.65 mg mg−1 Chl d−1, respectively. Collectively, the cross-linked chitosan-based polymers were shown to be environment-friendly materials providing the enhancement of nutrients bioremoval from wastewater by immobilized microalgae cells. The nutrient-enriched microalgae biomass immobilized on the biodegradable and non-toxic chitosan carriers can be applied as slow-releasing biofertilizer. © 2020 Elsevier Lt