1,818 research outputs found
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and oxytocin-expression in the adult and mouse cerebellum
Abstract
Background: Many studies are in the literature on the ANP and oxytocin-presence in the brain, but very few studies
with controversial results are reported on the presence of these peptides in the cerebellum. This immunohistochemical
study investigates on the ANP and oxytocin-presence in the cerebellum of the adult rat and mouse rodents.
Results: This study, firstly, evidences the ANP- immunopositivity in cerebellar cortex of both rat and mouse rodents. In
rat the molecular layer presents some few immunopositive fibers, but no neuron resulted immunopositive; the
granular and Purkinje cells are immunopositive. In mouse the cerebellar cortex ANP-immunopositivity is present in all
layers. The oxytocin-presence in the rat the afferent fibers are immunopositive are in the granular layer; in mouse the
OT-immunopositivity is in the molecular layer only.
Conclusions: This study, firstly, shows that ANP and OT are present in the cerebellar cortex both in rat and mouse
rodents. In the mouse cerebellar cortex ANP-presence is more diffuse and OT- localization differences in the two species
The somatotopy of the spinal cord: a comprehensive descrption.
For the benefit of medical students, in this paper we examine the somatotopic organization of the spinal cord, which shows a similar organization in mammalians. The dorsal horn is comprised of sensory nuclei with deutoneurons; the lateral horn contains preganglionic visceral motoneurons; the ventral horn is subdivided into a medial column innervating the paravertebral muscles, a central column, C3-C6, innervating the diaphragm, and a lateral column innervating the limb muscles. In the lateral column of the ventral horn, the dorsal motoneuron groups innervate the intrinsc arm muscles; the dorsal posterior motoneuron groups innervate hand muscles; the lateroventral motoneuron groups innervate the shoulder. Furthermore, the rostral and caudal motoneuron groups innervate the proximal and the distal muscles, respectively. In cat spinal cord, the medial columns 1-2 innervate the paravertebral muscles, and columns 3-6 are divisible into groups, each innervating specific muscle groups. In human spinal cord, 11 motor columns have been identified: column 1 is located in the medial part and columns 2-11 in the lateral part of the ventral horn. Columns 1-2 extend to S3, while columns 3-8 are confined to the cervical and T1 segments, and columns 9-11 are situated in the lumbosacral segments
Progresses in the validation of the FLUKA atmospheric neutrino flux calculations
The FLUKA calculation of the atmospheric neutrino fluxes have been
cross-checked by comparing predictions on lepton fluxes in atmosphere to
experimental data. The dependence of predicted neutrino fluxes on the shape and
normalization of primary spectrum is also investigatedComment: Presented at TAUP2001 (Sep. 8-12, Assergi, Italy). 5 pages, 1 figur
SOMATOTOPIC ORGANIZATION OF THE CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI INVOLVED IN EYE MOVEMENTS: III, IV, VI.
The oculomotor nucleus is divided into: 1. somatic medial column innervating the superior rectus muscle
and somatic lateral column, further subdivided into a lateral column innervating the inferior rectus,
inferior oblique and medial rectus muscles; 2. central nucleus innervating the levator palpebrae superioris
muscle; 3. visceral nucleus innervating the pupillary sphincter muscle, consisting of the following two
groups of neurons: cholinergic, preganglionic neurons supplying the ciliary ganglion, termed the Edinger-
Westphal preganglionic (EWpg) neuron population, and the centrally projecting, peptidergic neurons,
termed the Edinger-Westphal centrally projecting (EWcp) population. A detailed understanding of the
position of both nuclei and their subgroups supplying the individual muscles is an essential prerequisite
for eye movement assessment, offering a simple clinical method for diagnosing eventual dysfunctions of
eye movement generation pathways
A 3-Dimensional Calculation of Atmospheric Neutrino Flux
An extensive 3-dimensional Monte Carlo calculation of the atmospheric
neutrino flux is in progress with the FLUKA Monte Carlo code. The results are
compared to those obtained under the 1-dimensional approximation, where
secondary particles and decay products are assumed to be collinear to the
primary cosmic ray, as usually done in most of the already existing flux
calculations. It is shown that the collinear approximation gives rise to a
wrong angular distribution of neutrinos, essentially in the Sub-GeV region.
However, the angular smearing introduced by the experimental inability of
detecting recoils in neutrino interactions with nuclei is large enough to wash
out, in practice, most of the differences between 3-dimensional and
1-dimensional flux calculations. Therefore, the use of the collinear
approximation should have not introduced a significant bias in the
determination of the flavor oscillation parameters in current experiments.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figures. To be submitted to Astroparticle Physics. To be
submitted to Astroparticle Physic
ANIS: High Energy Neutrino Generator for Neutrino Telescopes
We present the high-energy neutrino Monte Carlo event generator ANIS (All
Neutrino Interaction Simulation). The program provides a detailed and flexible
neutrino event simulation for high-energy neutrino detectors, such as AMANDA,
ANTARES or ICECUBE. It generates neutrinos of any flavor according to a
specified flux and propagates them through the Earth. In a final step neutrino
interactions are simulated within a specified volume. All relevant standard
model processes are implemented. We discuss strengths and limitations of the
program.Comment: 15 pages, 4 figure
Oxytocin and vasopressin expression in the turbinates of patients with chronic sinusitis
Many peptides are present in the nasal mucosa, but few studies have investigated the presence or absence of the oxytocin and vasopressin peptides. This immunohistochemical study on the inferior turbinates of patients affected by chronic sinusitis shows, for the first time, that these peptides are present in the epithelium of both nasal mucosa and glands. Their presence could be related to the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), like previously demonstrated in other organs such as heart and prostate, since in some circumstances they play in antagonism
SysRT: A Modular Multiprocessor RTOS Simulator for Early Design Space Exploration
International audienc
Analysis of oscillations of atmospheric neutrinos
We briefly review the current status of standard oscillations of atmospheric
neutrinos in schemes with two, three, and four flavor mixing. It is shown that,
although the pure \nu_\mu-->\nu_\tau channel provides an excellent 2\nu fit to
the data, one cannot exclude, at present, the occurrence of additional
subleading \nu_\mu-->\nu_e oscillations (3\nu schemes) or of sizable
\nu_\mu-->\nu_s oscillations (4\nu schemes). It is also shown that the wide
dynamical range of energy and pathlength probed by the Super-Kamiokande
experiment puts severe constraints on nonstandard explanations of the
atmospheric neutrino data, with a few notable exceptions.Comment: Talk at the 19th International Conference on Neutrino Physics and
Astrophysics - Neutrino 2000 (Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, 16-21 June 2000
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