Analysis of IL28B Variants in an Egyptian Population Defines the 20 Kilobases Minimal Region Involved in Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus

Spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs in ∼30% of acute infections. Host genetics play a major role in HCV clearance, with a strong effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the IL28B gene already found in different populations, mostly infected with viral genotypes 1 and 3. Egypt has the highest prevalence of HCV infection in the world, which is mostly due to viral genotype 4. We investigated the role of several IL28B SNPs in HCV spontaneous clearance in an Egyptian population. We selected nine SNPs within the IL28B genomic region covering the linkage disequilibrium (LD) block known to be associated with HCV clearance in European populations. These SNPs were genotyped in 261 HCV-infected Egyptian subjects (130 with spontaneous clearance and 131 with chronic infection). The most associated SNPs were rs12979860 (P = 1.6×10−7) and the non-synonymous IL28B SNP, rs8103142 (P = 1.6×10−7). Interestingly, three SNPs at the two bounds of the region were monomorphic, reducing the size of the LD block in which the causal variants are potentially located to ∼20 kilobases. HCV clearance in Egypt was associated with a region of IL28B smaller than that identified in European populations, and involved the non-synonymous IL28B SNP, rs8103142

IMPLEMENTING A STRATEGY FOR WORKFORCE PLANNING WITHIN A MULTINATIONAL CORPORATION A case study in a Swedish MNC

Abstract Essay/Thesis: 30 hp Program and/or course: Master thesis in strategic HRM and Labour Relations Level: First Cycle/Second Cycle Semester/year: Spring 2017 Supervisor: Ulla Eriksson-Zetterqvist Examiner: Bertil Rolandsson Report No: Keyword: Strategy-as-practice; strategic workforce planning; talent management; multinational corporations; strategic implementation Purpose: This thesis aims at improving our understanding of how Multinational Corporations deal in practice with workforce planning as an element of their talent management strategy. It attempts to provide empirical evidence about talent management and workforce planning strategy-making processes within a MNC, and the challenges a MNC faces while trying to implement them. Theory: The theoretical framework used is Strategy as Practice (SaP). Based on the work of authors such as Whittington and Jarzabowski, this paper will consider strategy as a social practice that focuses on practitioners as the main actors and will investigate how they interact during the strategy-making process. Method: The method that was used is a qualitative research design that combines passive observations and 14 semi-structured interviews. The data collected was coded and was analysed using a thematic analysis. Result: The findings showed that in practice, the talent management and workforce planning strategy-making processes were happening on all levels within the MNC, involving many practitioners in both a top-down and bottom-up process. The main challenges highlighted were the need for the firm to stay competitive and to design a strategy accordingly. The implementation of the strategy appeared as another big challenge, with the difficulty to create a global corporate strategy while addressing the local specificities. Finally, digitalization has been identified as a tool that, while bringing new challenges to the firm, would also enhance and speed up its processes

Study of pyrimidines reactivity in inverse electronic demand Diels-Alder reactions

La séquence ihDA/rDA est une transformation d’intérêt en synthèse organique en raison de la complexité structurelle à laquelle elle donne accès facilement. A ce jour l’utilisation des pyrimidines dans de telles séquences est encore peu explorée en raison de leur faible réactivité. Dans ce manuscrit sont décrites deux stratégies impliquant des pyrimidines dans une séquence ihDA/rDA pour la synthèse de 4-azaindolines et de 7-azaindazoles. Dans le cadre de la synthèse des 4-azaindolines, les travaux rapportés se concentrent sur la synthèse d’une série d’intermédiaires clés de la synthèse des 4-azaindolines, les N-vinylynamides. Dans le cadre des 7-azaindazoles, une synthèse en 3 à 5 étapes de l’hétérocycle est rapportée utilisant la séquence ihDA/rDA comme étape clé. 30 exemples sont illustrés, ainsi que les résultats faisant suite à un suivi de réactivité, une étude théorique, une montée en échelle et enfin une application concrète de cette nouvelle méthodologie par application sur un composé bioactif connu.IhDA/rDA sequence is a very useful transformation for organic synthesis, allowing an easy access to hetero polycyclic structures. Pyridimines reactivity has been under-investigated due to their low reactivity in such sequence. In this manuscript are described two strategies using them in ihDA/rDA sequence for the synthesis of 4-azaindolines and 7-azaindazoles. For the 4-azaindolines, the results reported are focused on the synthesis of key intermediates of the synthesis, N-vinylynamides. For the 7-azaindazoles, a short and efficient synthesis has been developed using the ihDA/rDA sequence as a key step. 30 molecules had been made that way, followed by a reactivity study, a theorical study, a scale-up perspective and finally an application of our new methodology on a bioactive compound

Etude de la réactivité des pyrimidines dans des réactions de Diels-Alder à demande électronique inverse

IhDA/rDA sequence is a very useful transformation for organic synthesis, allowing an easy access to hetero polycyclic structures. Pyridimines reactivity has been under-investigated due to their low reactivity in such sequence. In this manuscript are described two strategies using them in ihDA/rDA sequence for the synthesis of 4-azaindolines and 7-azaindazoles. For the 4-azaindolines, the results reported are focused on the synthesis of key intermediates of the synthesis, N-vinylynamides. For the 7-azaindazoles, a short and efficient synthesis has been developed using the ihDA/rDA sequence as a key step. 30 molecules had been made that way, followed by a reactivity study, a theorical study, a scale-up perspective and finally an application of our new methodology on a bioactive compound.La séquence ihDA/rDA est une transformation d’intérêt en synthèse organique en raison de la complexité structurelle à laquelle elle donne accès facilement. A ce jour l’utilisation des pyrimidines dans de telles séquences est encore peu explorée en raison de leur faible réactivité. Dans ce manuscrit sont décrites deux stratégies impliquant des pyrimidines dans une séquence ihDA/rDA pour la synthèse de 4-azaindolines et de 7-azaindazoles. Dans le cadre de la synthèse des 4-azaindolines, les travaux rapportés se concentrent sur la synthèse d’une série d’intermédiaires clés de la synthèse des 4-azaindolines, les N-vinylynamides. Dans le cadre des 7-azaindazoles, une synthèse en 3 à 5 étapes de l’hétérocycle est rapportée utilisant la séquence ihDA/rDA comme étape clé. 30 exemples sont illustrés, ainsi que les résultats faisant suite à un suivi de réactivité, une étude théorique, une montée en échelle et enfin une application concrète de cette nouvelle méthodologie par application sur un composé bioactif connu

Trade Linkages and the Trade Matrices in the OECD Interlink Model

This paper provides a mainly graphical summary of the trade matrices underlying the OECD’s international macroeconomic model Interlink. In doing so it gives a snapshot of the geographical nature of global trading relationships, in particular between individual OECD countries and the main non-OECD regions, distinguishing trade in manufactures non-manufactures and non-factor services. It also serves more broadly as a 'ready reckoner' guide to the sensitivity of shocks that are transmitted through trade. The sources and methods used to construct the matrices are also described in annexes ... Les relations commerciales et les matrices de commerce dans le modele interlink de l'OCDE Ce document résume sous forme principalement graphique les matrices de commerce qui sont à la base d'INTERLINK, le modèle macroéconomique international de l'OCDE. Ce faisant, il donne un instantané du caractère géographique des relations globales de commerce, en particulier entre les pays individuels membres de l'OCDE et les principales régions non-OCDE, en distinguant commerce de produits manufacturés, non-manufacturés et services hors revenus d'investissement. Ce document sert aussi plus généralement comme guide "prêt-à-l'emploi" de la sensibilité aux chocs transmis par le commerce. Les sources et méthodes utilisées à la construction des matrices sont aussi décrites en annexe ...trade, trade matrices, International macroeconomic model, marchés financiers internationaux

Colorectal intussusception due to adenocarcinoma presenting as acute bowel obstruction in an adult

International audienceColorectal intussusception is a rare entity in adults presenting an acute abdomen. The authors present a case of a 73-year-old female who presented with an acute large bowel obstruction. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a colorectal intussusception with a colonic distension upstream. Laparoscopy founds out a stenotic tumor on colorectal junction corresponding with an adenocarcinoma on histopathological exam. CT scan is the most specific diagnostic test for intussusception and is superior to ultrasonography and endoscopy and thus should be performed preferentially

The New OECD International Trade Model

This paper provides a detailed description of recent research to re-estimate and re-specify the international trade volume and price equations that are used in the OECD Economics Department to analyse international trade developments. New panel data estimates of the factors affecting export performance, import penetration and exchange rate pass-through into trade prices are reported for both OECD and non-OECD economies. The model set out has already been used successfully to monitor the global consistency of the international trade projections in the Economic Outlook. Le nouveau modèle du commerce international de l'OCDE Cette étude présente de façon détaillée la respecification et la réestimation des équations de commerce extérieur (prix et volumes) qui sont utilisées par le Département des Affaires Économiques de l'OCDE pour analyser les développements du commerce mondial. L'impact des facteurs influençant la performance à l'exportation, le taux de pénétration des importations et l'effet du taux de change sur les prix du commerce extérieur des zones OCDE et non OCDE est estimé par le biais de données de panel. Le model présenté a déjà été mis en oeuvre avec succès pour assurer la cohérence globale des prévisions des flux commerciaux publiées dans les Perspectives Économiques de l'OCDE.international trade prices, forecasting model, international trade volumes, volumes du commerce extérieur, modèle de prévision, prix du commerce extérieur

Colorectal intussusception due to adenocarcinoma presenting as acute bowel obstruction in an adult

International audienceColorectal intussusception is a rare entity in adults presenting an acute abdomen. The authors present a case of a 73-year-old female who presented with an acute large bowel obstruction. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan reveals a colorectal intussusception with a colonic distension upstream. Laparoscopy founds out a stenotic tumor on colorectal junction corresponding with an adenocarcinoma on histopathological exam. CT scan is the most specific diagnostic test for intussusception and is superior to ultrasonography and endoscopy and thus should be performed preferentially