L'atenció primària davant les drogues de síntesi

Recomanacions; Professionals d'atenció primària; Drogues de síntesi;Recomendaciones; Profesionales de atención primaria; Drogas de síntesisRecommendations; Primary Health Care; Synthesis drugDocumento que ofrece información sobre las drogas de síntesis; epidemiología, características, clasificación, efectos adversos de su consumo y recomendaciones sobre la conducta de los profesionales de atención primaria ante situaciones relacionadas con las drogas.Document que ofereix informació sobre les drogues de síntesi; epidemiologia, característiques, classificació, efectes adversos del seu consum i recomanacions sobre la conducta dels professionals d'atenció primària davant de situacions relacionades amb les drogues

Ancient heat flow, crustal thickness, and lithospheric mantle rheology in the Amenthes region, Mars

Surface heat flow calculations for the Amenthes region of Mars can be independently performed using the depth to the brittle–ductile transition and the effective elastic thickness of the lithosphere estimated for the Late Noachian/Early Hesperian (equivalent to an estimated absolute age of ~3.6–3.8 Ga). This, along with crustal heat production rates estimated from heat-producing elements abundances, permits us to put constraints, for that particular place and time, on both the thermal and mechanical properties of the lithosphere and the crustal thickness. The depth to the brittle– ductile transition deduced from modeling of the topography of Amenthes Rupes is 27–35 km, and the associated surface heat flow is 26–37 mWm−2. On the other hand, the effective elastic thickness in this region is between 19 and 35 km: the surface heat flow deduced by considering crustal and lithospheric mantle contributions to the total lithospheric strength, as well as wet or dry olivine for lithospheric mantle rheology, is 31–49mWm−2. The relatively limited overlap among Te- andzBDT-based heat flowvalues implies a surface heat flowof 31–36mWm−2 (with a high fraction originated from crustal heat sources) and awet mantle rheology. The so obtained local crustal thickness is 43–74 km,which suggests an average thickness of~40–75 km for the Martian crust; for the frequently used crustal density of 2900 kgm−3, our results suggest a crustal thickness of 50–63km for theAmenthes region, and an average crustal thickness of ~45–65 km for Mars

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Ancient heat flow and crustal thickness at the Amenthes region, Mars

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

The volume of possible ancient oceanic basins in the northern plains of Mars

Depto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Integrated structural, seismic and gravity data study along a trasverse from the Madrid basin to the Iberian Range

An integrated geophysical and geological study has been carried out along a trasverse extending from the Madrid Basin to the Iberian Range. Geological and seismic reflection data were used as background model for the gravity modeling. Mesozoic cover structure is characterized by thrusts, E dipping, associated with a decollement located in triassic beds. Gravity modeling shows that high-angle faults bound basement blocks. The faults control triassic sediments thicknes

Gravity and structural models of Spanish Central System

A gravity modelling of the Spanish Central System Crust has been carried out along two profiles. In order to constrain gravity modelling results Profile I runs along the Toledo-Salamanca seismic profile. Profile II trends perpendicular to the range trend. The seismic crustal model reproduced the Bouguer anomaly in a suitable way. The crust is thickening and the crust-mantle boundary descends between the Duero Basin southern zone and the central part of the Madrid Basin, from 32 to 35 km. Thickening occurs mainly in the middle crust, whose upper and lower boundaries exhibit a different geometry. The upper boundary appears upheaved, as well as the upper crust beneath the Spanish Central System. Two reverse faults limit this uplifted block. The lower boundary Is deflected 3 km, like Moho surface. This crustal structure suggests that the Spanish Central System represents a crustal pop-up, related to a deep detachment, south-dipping, located between a depth of 12 to 20 km. Terctiary compression results of crustal shortening in the Iberian Plate interior

Should paleoshorelines of ancient martian oceans be close to present-day equipotential surfaces?

Thermal isostasy provides a link between surface elevation and thermal state of the lithosphere. Variations in martian surface heat flow, similar to those observed in terrestrial continental tectonothermally stable areas, could result in elevation differences of kilometric scale through differential thermal isostasy. This effect is enhanced with the increase of heat sources located within the crust. Local differences in the thermal history of the Mars’ lithosphere could have appreciably distorted the original long-avelength topography of putative martian paleoshorelines. This work hows that a paleoequipotential surface does not necessarily have to fit well a present-day equipotential surface, and that diverse processes, including thermal isostasy and operating throughout the martian history, must be taken into account when evaluating paleoshorelines through assessment of high-resolution topography

Iberian range Alpine dextral slip quantification from gravity data

Intraplate deformation in the eastern zone of the Iberian Peninsula is characterized by strike-slip faulting during Tertiary. Gradient pattern of Bouguer Anomaly Map of the Spanish Central SystemIberian Range linking zone are related to main crustal faults. Gradients pattern has been analysed by means of a raster type Geographic Information System. Two main gradien orientations associated with Spanish Central System structures (NE-SW) and with Iberian Range structures (NW-SE) have been established. Gradient map and artificial shading image have been used to quantify dextral slip along NOSE faults. Slip value reach a figure of 34 km. Assuming that the slip began in Oligocene times, movement rate between the Spanish Central System and the Iberian Range Castilian Branch is 0.93 mm/y. Considering a Middle Miocene start a 2.2 mm/y slip rate is compute