The development of shopping centers in Turkey: The case of Denizli

Thesis (Master)--Izmir Institute of Technology, City and Regional Planning, Izmir, 2010Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 102-104)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxi, 114 leavesIn the last decade, even though the importance of shopping centers appear to decrease day by day, their place within the Turkish real estate market displays a considerable rise. Among those reasons underlying the increase of investments on shopping malls take place the stability of the economic environment, the insufficiency of supply within the market of shopping centers, the young and dynamic population, the increase on gross domestic product, and the high profit ratio compared to other countries. As an explanatory research, this study targets at evaluating the changes and development of shopping centers in history, identifying the characteristics of today's shopping centers, examining the location criteria of shopping centers, and focusing on the development of shopping centers from the world-wide scale to Turkey and Denizli. This study has dwelled upon the characteristics and classification of shopping centers in the world by ICSC and DeLisle and of those in Turkey by AMPD. Among the examined issues take place the adopted criteria in selection of location for shopping centers and the development process of Turkish shopping centers as based on quantitative information obtained. The development process of shopping centers in Turkey have been analyzed for the period between 1988-2009 and in addition to existing circumstances, future considerations have also been made. Examination of the development process of shopping centers in Denizli, on the other hand, has involved consideration of firstly the geographical and socio-economic status of the city, and then of the urban development profile as well as the traditional trade district. In the final stage of the examination, all shopping centers in Denizli have been chronologically analyzed in terms of their development processes, investors, relations with the urban pattern, physical characteristics, transportation facilities and accessibility. In result of the comparative evaluation, discussions focus mainly on the location of shopping centers and their harmony with the urban pattern as well as their future strategies against the threat of becoming identical with one another

Effects of Soil-Foundation-Bridge Interaction Subjected to Spatially Varying Earthquake Ground Motion

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate stochastic responses of a cable-stayed bridge which is built on the Mississippi River in 1987 in USA, subjected to the spatially varying earthquake ground motion by using the finite element method taking account of soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects. The bridge is modelled as a two- dimensional to determine the stochastic response of the bridge. Spatially varying earthquake ground motions is considered in the analysis. Depending upon the earthquake motion, the response values of the bridge founded on firm, medium and soft soil strata are obtained, separately. The effects of soil–structure interaction on the stochastic response of the cable-stayed bridge are investigated including foundation as a vertical pile groups. The soil–pile interaction is linearly idealized as an upright beam on the Winkler foundation model. Results indicate that taking into account soil-structure interaction could increase element forces and displacement of bridge along the deck and height of tower especially in case of soft foundation soil strata

Literacy experiences in the families of Turkish- and Russianspeaking kindergarten children

Vorschulkinder mit Migrationshintergrund erleben im häuslichen Umfeld unterschiedliche Sprach- und Bildungspraktiken. Diese werden nicht nur von der sozialen Lage, sondern auch von den Herkunftskulturen der Familien beeinflusst. So kann sich etwa der Stellenwert von Oralität und Literalität erheblich unterscheiden. Dieser Beitrag diskutiert die Bedeutung von herkunftskulturellen Unterschieden für die familiären Bildungserfahrungen von Vorschulkindern mit Migrationshintergrund in Deutschland. Anhand von Daten aus zwei qualitativen Forschungsprojekten werden literale Praktiken von je drei russisch- und türkischstämmigen Familien beschrieben und verglichen. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die familiären Praktiken mit der sozialen Lage der Familien nur teilweise erklärt werden können und auch von den Herkunftskulturen und weiteren individuellen und familiäre Bedingungen beeinflusst werden. Abschliessend wird am Beispiel von zwei Vorschulprogrammen skizziert, wie diese unterschiedlichen Voraussetzungen bei der Sprachförderung berücksichtigt werden können.(DIPF/Orig.)Preschool children with migration background experience different language and educational environments within their homes. These contexts are influenced by both the social situations and the cultural origins of the families. For example, the importance of oral and written language varies considerably between cultures. This article examines the impact of cultural characteristics of different homelands on the educational experiences of preschool children from immigrant families in Germany. Using data from two qualitatitive research projects, literacy practices of six Turkish- and Russian-speaking families are described and compared. The results indicate that family literacy practices can only partially be explained by the socioeconomic status and are determined by the cultural origins and other individual and family characteristics, as well. The article concludes by outlining some approaches to a culturally adaptive language education used by two preschool education programs. (DIPF/Orig.

Atemteste zur gastroenterologischen Funktionsdiagnostik: Grundlagen und klinische Anwendungen

Zusammenfassung: Eine Vielzahl gastroenterologischer Funktionsteste beinhaltet invasive Testverfahren oder die Verwendung ionisierender Strahlung. Atemteste bieten dazu patientenfreundliche und kostengünstige Alternativen. Mit dem Wasserstoffatemtest lassen sich Kohlenhydratmalabsorptionen oder bakterielle Fehlbesiedelungen nachweisen. Zur Untersuchung von vielfältigen gastrointestinalen Organfunktionen können 13CO2-Atemteste mit stabilen 13C-Isotopen eingesetzt werden. Zur Diagnostik von Motilitätsstörungen des Magens und des Dünndarms stehen diverse 13C-Markersubstanzen und Testverfahren zur Verfügung. Die Magenentleerungsmessung für flüssige bzw. feste Mahlzeiten ist in der klinischen Praxis zur Diagnostik der Gastroparese etabliert. Jedoch kann die Herleitung typischer physiologischer Parameter der Magenentleerung und des intestinalen Transits Schwierigkeiten bereiten. In dieser Arbeit werden die grundlegende Funktionsweise, gängige Testmahlzeiten, die praktische Durchführung und Interpretation von Atemtesten in der gastrointestinalen Funktionsdiagnostik beschriebe

The Case of Insructors Usıng Mother Tongue in Englısh Prep Classes

The purpose of this study is to investigate the case of insructors using mother tongue in English Prep classes. This study is a descriptive research and in this study, qualitative research methods were used. Study group was decided by “purposeful sampling method”. In the spring and fall terms of 2015-2016 school year, the study was carried out with 4 instructors using a coursebook in their prep classes of the School of Foreign Languages, Kocaeli University. Observation and interview were data collection instruments in this study. Observations were carried out in 4 classes; 2 from Elementary and Starter levels, 2 from Morning and Evening classes. For observations, structured observation forms were used and for the analysis of observation data, content analysis method was used. 4 instructors teaching in the classes observed by the researcher attended to the interviews and for interviews, semi-structured interview forms were used. Each interview was recorded to be examined another time. After those records were transcribed they were analysed by content analysis method. According the results of observation and interview analysis, it was found that instructors used L1 much more to “check understanding, give instructions, build rapport among students, give feedback, talk about administrative information and explain grammar rules”. Moreover, it was found out that there was no difference in the cases of insructors’ using mother tongue in different levels but when different types of educatio (morning- Evening classes) were thought, it was observed that mother tongue was used in different cases. On the basis of these results, it was observed that intructors’ using mother tongue in teaching foreign language had an important place. Some recommendations especially related to the practices in different levels and types of education were given. Keywords: Foreign language teaching; Use of mother tongue; Instructors * This article is a part of my master’s thesis

Anadolu’daki Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949 (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) ailesinin genetik analizi

We tested the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene-based (1065 bp.) phylogeny and genetic diversity of tooth-carp fish (Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949), many of which are endemic, with a very high species diversity in Anatolia. A total of 107 individuals were studied from 29 stations belonging to 19 Aphaniid species and forty-four haplotypes were identified, all of which were species-specific. The phylogenetic relationships generated by neighbor joining, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony methods are fully compatible with each other. The generally well supported phylogenetic tree results and genetic distance results supported a structure divided into four lineages corresponding to four genera (Anatolichthys, Paraphanius, Aphanius, and Kosswigichthys). The genetic distance between these four lineages indicated a significant value ranging from 16.6% (between Aphanius and Anatolichthys) to 23.1% (between Aphanius and Paraphanius). Interspecies genetic distances ranged from 1.9% (between P. boulengeri and P. similis) to 24.52% (between A. villwocki and P. mentoides), except for two interspecies distances (A. fontinalis – A. sureyanus, 0.13% and A. maeandricus – A. irregularis, 0.57%). Our results agree with previous studies of the Anatolian Aphaniidae family, which showed a diversification pattern shaped by Pliocene orogenic events. The present results indicate that mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences are effective for Aphaniidae species identification and phylogenetic analysisAnadolu'da çok yüksek tür çeşitliliğine sahip, çoğu endemik olan dişli sazancık balıklarının (Aphaniidae Hoedeman, 1949) mitokondri DNA sitokrom b genine (1065 bç.) dayalı filogenisini ve genetik çeşitliliğini test ettik. 19 Aphaniid türüne ait 29 istasyondan toplam 107 örnek incelendi ve türe özgü olan 44 haplotip tanımlandı. Komşu birleştirme, maksimum olabilirlik ve maksimum tutumluluk yöntemleriyle oluşturulan filogenetik ilişkiler birbiriyle tam uyumlu sonuçlar verdi. Genel olarak iyi desteklenen filogenetik ağaç sonuçları ve genetik uzaklık sonuçları, dört cinse (Anatolichthys, Paraphanius, Aphanius, and Kosswigichthys) karşılık gelen dört soydan oluşan bir yapıyı destekledi. Bu dört soy grubu arasındaki genetik mesafe %16,6 (Aphanius ve Anatolichthys) ile %23,1 (Aphanius ve Paraphanius) arasında değişen ciddi bir değer gösterdi. Türler arası genetik mesafeler iki tür grubu (A. fontinalis – A. sureyanus: %0.1 ve A. maeandricus – A. irregularis: %0.6) dışında %2.8 (P. boulengeri ve P.similis) ile %24.5 arasında (A. villwocki ile P. mentoides) arasında değişmektedir. Sonuçlarımız aynı zamanda, Pliyosen orojenik olaylarıyla şekillenen bir çeşitlenme modeli gösteren Anadolu Aphaniidae familyasının önceki çalışmalarıyla da uyumludur. Mevcut sonuçlar, mitokondriyal DNA sitokrom b gen dizilerinin Aphaniidae türlerinin tanımlanması ve filogenetik analizi için etkili olduğunu göstermektedir

Determination of minerals and trace elements in soils and the relation with its concentrations in sugar beets

Twelve sugar beets and corresponding soil samples from the plantation near Malatya, Turkey were analyzed for mineral and trace element contents. Thirteen metals (Al, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, Se and Zn) were selected and analyzed quantitatively by FAAS/FAES and ETAAS. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were used to explore samples based on the element contents. The principal component analysis analysis of sugar beet samples yielded five principal components which were able to explain about 84% of the total variance in the data set. The number of principal components that are higher than one was four for the soil samples and were able to explain 83% of total variance. Hierarchical cluster analysis of sugar beet samples and corresponding soil samples resulted in two main clusters based on the geographic regions of the samples. In terms of the elements being analyzed, the hierarchical cluster analysis method resulted in 3-4 clusters of the elements in both sugar beet and soil samples

Reception of the children’s theater

Reception theory or aesthetics is the name which takes part in the literary world, gives reader responsibility as well as an author about meaning or interpretation of author's works and analyze reader's function in this field. It's a matter of debate or study, who give a meaning to the work. When does the work have a meaning? Who constitutes the meaning? Reader or author? In the context of our subject, in what way does the reception process realize for theater audience and children's theater audience? Is there a difference between adult theater and children's theater? The subject of this study is to answer this question "In what way does the reception of the children's theater audience group realize among the children 4 aged and older in our country? " in the light of the cognitive development theory of Piaget and the reception aesthetics of W. Iser and we grounded the observations that were made during the children's plays and the interviews made after the play