Wybrane elementy bezpieczeństwa wewnętrznego państwa na podstawie założeń „Strategii bezpieczeństwa narodowego Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej”

The problem of shaping the security designates one of the most important tasks facing the state nowadays. The key role in constituting and maintaining an adequate level of security of the state plays a strategy and national policy on the field of leadership, efficient organization of crisis management system or the elimination of internal and external threats. Knowledge about the essence of the state security sets the scope of self-determination of citizens with reference to their basic existential needs and requirements, as well as national values. The implementation of these requirements is generally understood as protection of life and health, timeless ethical values, property and environment, as well as state institutions against threats from the forces of nature and human activities. Neutralizing these threats must be a priority of the state, since the proper management of security leads to the survival of current and future generations of Poles and ensures proper living conditions and development. Creation of a superior, integrated plans of defense of life and human health and the protection of national infrastructure is of a great importance for the security of the country. The focus on the utilization of full potential of both the state and local authorities and commercial protection establishments also becomes the most valuabl

Education of the child with epilepsy as the element of its wellness’ improvement

Epilepsy is the most common disease of the nervous system. Its etiology is multifactorial. The greatest risk for the occurrence of this disease is observed in children in the first decade of their life. The diagnosis of epilepsy and problems related to it affect not only the child but the whole family. It is important to take comprehensive measures of prevention and education to ensure patient safety and allow them to lead a normal life

Czytelnictwo wśród użytkowników Facebooka

Recent research on reading situation in Poland indicates decreasing interest in books among adults. This tendency is also supposedly followed by changes in reading models as well as different ways of reader-text interactions. Since internauts are generally believed to be a non-reading community, an online questionnaire for Facebook users was prepared, a group which is quite easy to reach, to get a better insight into the situation. The research was carried out between April 23rd and May 3rd 2011 on a group of 150 respondents. It focused on book reading and purchasing intensity, book choices, most commonly used book sources, reading traditional magazines, online magazines, e-books and using digital libraries. It was available in either Polish or English language version. A total of 138 respondents from Poland, USA, UK, Tunisia, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Finland, Germany, Mexico, South Korea and Switzerland took part, one origin unknown. Most of them (74,67%) were people between 17 and 35 years old, the eldest one being 77, the youngest 13. Out of 138 interviewees, 110 were women, over 76% lived in urban areas and declared their education level as higher (57,3%) or secondary (28,7%). The results proved surprisingly optimistic. Only 9 interviewees admitted that they had not read any books in the last 12 months, others read 0–2 or 3–5 books a month. Fantasy, suspense fiction and classical novels were the most popular among them. When asked about favourite titles, respondents listed mainly classics of world literature and popular bestsellers. Reviews as well as recommendations of family members or friends had the greatest influence on their reading choices. Almost 75% of survey participants bought books, usually once a month or once every few months, however, they preferred to borrow them from libraries or friends. Almost half of Polish respondents read e-books and online magazines, although they avoided using digital libraries. They also read traditional print magazines, especially political and social ones, women and popular science magazines. As the results show, reading still remains one of the most popular forms of spending free time for both interviewed Facebook users and other members of their communities. Books are also a popular subject of their conversations and discussions in both real and virtual space.Artykuł nie zawiera polskiego abstrakt

Analysis of region-specific changes in gene expression upon treatment with citalopram and desipramine reveals temporal dynamics in response to antidepressant drugs at the transcriptome level

RATIONALE: The notion that the onset of action of antidepressant drugs (ADs) takes weeks is widely accepted; however, the sequence of events necessary for therapeutic effects still remains obscure. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to evaluate a time-course of ADs-induced alterations in the expression of 95 selected genes in 4 regions of the rat brain: the prefrontal and cingulate cortices, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, and the amygdala. METHODS: We employed RT-PCR array to evaluate changes during a time-course (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) of treatments with desipramine (DMI) and citalopram (CIT). In addition to repeated treatment, we also conducted acute treatment (a single dose of drug followed by the same time intervals as the repeated doses). RESULTS: Time-dependent and structure-specific changes in gene expression patterns allowed us to identify spatiotemporal differences in the molecular action of two ADs. Singular value decomposition analysis revealed differences in the global gene expression profiles between treatment types. The numbers of characteristic modes were generally smaller after CIT treatment than after DMI treatment. Analysis of the dynamics of gene expression revealed that the most significant changes concerned immediate early genes, whose expression was also visualized by in situ hybridization. Transcription factor binding site analysis revealed an over-representation of serum response factor binding sites in the promoters of genes that changed upon treatment with both ADs. CONCLUSIONS: The observed gene expression patterns were highly dynamic, with oscillations and peaks at various time points of treatment. Our study also revealed novel potential targets of antidepressant action, i.e., Dbp and Id1 genes. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2714-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users

New prognostic factors in chronic lymphocytic leukemia diagnosed using an immunophenotypic method

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a clonal lymphoproliferative disease which is characterized by proliferation and accumulation in blood, bone marrow and other tissues, small B-derived cells accompanied by coexpression of CD5 antigen. Diagnosis of CLL shall be based on standard criteria, but at the same time in determining the treatment strategies some prognostic factors will be helpful. Some of them are widely known and used, but with the progress of research, looking for new prognostic factors is useful for improving the strategy.Material and MethodsIn 43 patients, previously untreated, studies were performed by flow-cytometry to determine the prevalence of antigen CD49d, CD11c, CD54 on CLL cells. To determine their significance as prognostic factors correlation of their expression with the recognized standard prognostic factors, such as Rai stage, expression of CD38 and ZAP-70 as well as the presence of cytogenetic changes were done.ResultsIn our studies, a positive correlation between the expression of CD38 and CD49d, and ZAP-70 and CD49d on CLL cells were found. It was shown that among patients with CD11c + up 85.7% there were ZAP-70 positive. In addition, a significantly higher incidence of leukemic cells CD49d+ antigen was present in patients in Rai stage III / IV vs. 0/ II. There were no correlations between the number of cells expressing the antigens CD 11c and CD54 and the degree of advancement of Rai and expression of CD38. We also showed no correlation between the expression of CD54 and the expression of ZAP-70 either. In the group of patients CD38 (−), alternatively CD49d (+) and / or CD11c (+) up to 90.9% there were ZAP-70 (+).Conclusions1.Frequency of the incidence of the expression of CD49d correlates with clinical (Rai stage system) and/or risk factors determined by immunophenotype methods (CD38, ZAP-70).2.There is a rationale to continue CD11c antigen estimation as a potential prognostic factor based on our results that 86% of CD11c+ cases presented ZAP-70 positivity.Przewlekła białaczka limfocytowa (PBL) jest klonalną chorobą limfoproliferacyjną charakteryzującą się namnażaniem i nagromadzeniem w krwi, szpiku oraz innych tkankach małych limfocytów B z koekspresją antygenu CD5. O rozpoznaniu PBL decydują standardowe kryteria, natomiast dla ustalenia strategii leczenia pomocne są tzw. czynniki prognostyczne. Niektóre z nich są powszechnie stosowane, ale wraz z postępem badań poszukuje się nowych czynników rokowniczych.Materiał i metodaU 43 pacjentów, uprzednio nieleczonych, metodą cytometrii przepływowej zbadano częstość występowania na komórkach PBL molekuł adhezyjnych CD49d, CD11c, CD54. Dla określenia ich znaczenia, jako czynników prognostycznych, skorelowano ich ekspresję z: stopniem zaawansowania wg Rai, ekspresją CD38 i ZAP-70 oraz aberracjami cytogenetycznymi.Wynikistwierdzono dodatnią korelację pomiędzy ekspresją CD38 i CD49d oraz pomiędzy ZAP-70 i CD49d na komórkach PBL. Wykazano, że 85,7% pacjentów CD11c(+) było ZAP-70(+). Ponadto stwierdzono znamiennie większą częstość występowania na komórkach białaczkowych CD49d w grupie chorych w stadium Rai III/IV vs 0/II. Nie wykazano korelacji pomiędzy liczbą komórek z ekspresją antygenów CD11c i CD54 a stopniem zaawansowania Rai i CD38. Nie wykazano także korelacji pomiędzy ekspresją CD54 a ekspresją ZAP-70. W grupie pacjentów CD38(−) i równocześnie CD49d(+) i/lub CD11c(+) aż 90,9% było ZAP-70(+).Wnioski1.Częstość występowania ekspresji CD49d koreluje z klinicznymi (Rai) i fenotypowymi (CD38, ZAP-70) czynnikami ryzyka.2.Uzasadnionym jest kontynuowanie badań antygenu CD11c jako potencjalnego czynnika prognostycznego, gdyż stwierdzono, że 86% przypadków CD11c+ wykazuje dodatnią ekspresję ZAP-70

Ocena znaczenia ekspresji błonowej dipeptydylo-peptydazy IV na komórkach hematopoetycznych u chorych ze szpiczakiem plazmocytowym poddawanych mobilizacji komórek krwiotwórczych

Dipeptidyl peptidase IV is a membrane enzyme involved in intracellular interactions governing processes. Proven its effects on engraftment the transplanted allogeneic hematopoietic cells. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of CD26 in the mobilization of hematopoietic cells for auto-transplantation in multiple myeloma patients. In 30 patients, who, during the 2011–2012, underwent the mobilization of hematopoietic cells, CD26 was determined on CD34 positive cells as well as on lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes, before mobilization procedures, as well as on the cells obtained after separation on cell separator. We found a statistically significant increase in the number of mononuclear cells expressing CD26, non-expression of CD26 on granulocytes, both before and during the mobilization procedures. Additionally we found a week expression of CD26 on CD34 positive cells. The obtained results seem to indicate an important role of bone matrix cells expressing CD26 in the process of mobilization of hematopoietic cells in myeloma multiplex patients

Polish Recommendations on Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition in Oncology — part two: enteral nutrition

Artykuł przedstawia kolejną część zaleceń dotyczących żywienia do- i pozajelitowego w onkologii. Przedstawione zostały wskazania do leczenia, metody interwencji oraz monitorowania oraz rodzaje diet. Jako metoda z wyboru żywienie dojelitowe powinno zawsze być rozważane na pierwszym etapie podejmowania decyzji o leczeniu żywieniowym. Korzystny wpływ tej interwencji został udowodniony w wielu pracach naukowych.The manuscript presents the next part of recommendations on enteral and parenteral nutrition in oncology. It describes indications, methods of intervention, types of diets and techniques for monitoring. The enteral nutrition (EN) is a method of choice for nutritional support, hence it should be always considered as the first step, whenever the latter is necessary. The beneficial effect of EN was demonstrated in many clinical studies

Enteral nutrition in cancer patients

Artykuł przedstawia kolejną część zaleceń dotyczących żywienia do- i pozajelitowego w onkologii. Przedstawione zostały wskazania do leczenia, metody interwencji i monitorowania oraz rodzaje diet. Jako metoda z wyboru, żywienie dojelitowe powinno zawsze być rozważane w pierwszym etapie podejmowania decyzji o leczeniu żywieniowym. Korzystny wpływ tej interwencji został udowodniony w wielu pracach naukowych.The manuscript presents the second part of recommendations on enteral and parenteral nutrition in oncology. It describes indications, methods of intervention, types of diets and techniques for monitoring. The enteral nutrition (EN) is a method of choice for nutritional support, hence it should be always considered as the first step, whenever the latter is necessary. The beneficial effect of EN was demonstrated in many clinical studies

Administracja, zarządzanie i handel zagraniczny w warunkach integracji. Materiały konferencyjne - zarządzanie

Ze wstępu: "Partnerstwo jest rodzajem związku między władzami lokalnymi a innymi organizacjami; strony zachowują wolność działania, ale zgadzają się współpracować dla osiągnięcia wspólnych celów. Istnieje szeroka gama efektywnego wykorzystania partnerstwa przy rozwiązywaniu zagadnień zrównoważonego rozwoju, takich jak odnowa wewnętrzna obszarów miast, przekształcanie i rewitalizacja śródmieść, ochrona terenów turystycznych, dynamizacja mieszkalnictwa itp."(...

Konferencja uzgodnieniowa: problemy żywieniowe w polskiej onkologii

Polskie Towarzystwo Onkologiczne i Polskie TowarzystwoOnkologii Klinicznej podjęły inicjatywę wprowadzeniasystematycznych badań i opracowania polskichzaleceń dotyczących odżywiania i leczenia żywieniowegow profilaktyce i leczeniu nowotworów złośliwych