254 research outputs found
Discoloration of nano composite resin by everyday drinks:in vitro study
The everyday consumption of various drinks has immediate affect on the composite resin materials extrinsic look. This changes mainly manifest as a change in the aesthetic appearance of human teeth which is why thru scientific researches we need to eliminate the possibility of such discolorations. For this research were made 30 discs of nano composite resin material Artiste, 2 mm thick and 15 mm in diameter. As colorants were used drinks like red wine, coca cola, filter coffee, aronia tea and distilled water as control group. Three color measurements were made by spectrophotometer X-RITE RM 200 which results will be used as basic, middle and final discoloration change on the composite discs. The results were evaluated thru the CIE L*a*b* system for colorimetric analysis which specified the warm colorants lead to rather bigger discolorations than the ones used on room temperature. The biggest discoloration was noticed in tea (ΞE*=31,83) followed by coffee (ΞE*=23,23) and wine (ΞE*=19,11). Coca cola (ΞE*=0,28) was the only colorant that did not cross the clinically acceptable threshold of Ξ2.7. Within the limitations of this study was acknowledged that some everyday drinks have rather bigger discoloration effect on the composite resin materials than others.
Keywords: nano composite resin, colorants, discolorations, spectrophotomete
ΠΠ°ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄: ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π° Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡ.
Π¦Π΅Π»: Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π°Π° ΡΡΡΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ° Π½ΠΈ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π½Π°ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° Π³ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ° Π°ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°.
ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π» ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄: ΠΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ° Π±Π΅Π° ΠΈΠ·Π±ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ 10 ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅Π½ ΠΈΠ·Π±ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌ Π±Π΅ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π΅Π½ Π°Π½ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΈΡΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ΄ 4 ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Ρ Π·Π° ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΈ Π½Π° 100 Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈ. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ: ΠΠΎΠ±ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π° Π΄Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π΅ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° single cone ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°. ΠΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎ Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π³ΠΈ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Π²ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ GuttaFlow, ThermaFil ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄Ρ.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΊ: Π‘ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ Π·Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌ Π΄Π΅Π» ΡΠ° ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ
ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½. Π’ΡΠ΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ Π΄Π° ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅Π²ΡΠΈΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ: ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°, Π³ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°, ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Ρ, ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΈΠΊ
ΠΡΠ»ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈ - Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°
ΠΡΠ»ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅, Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΏΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΡΠ»ΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ·Π°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠΈΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎ Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈ ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π° Π½Π°ΡΡΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π²Π½ΠΎΡΡ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΡΠ°ΠΆΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅.
ΠΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ²ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΆΠ»Π΅Π·Π΄ΠΈ, Π±ΡΠ±ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΆΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ.
ΠΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ Π΅Π²Π°Π»ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎ ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π½ΠΎ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΡΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠ·Π°, ΠΈΡΡ
Π΅ΠΌΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΊΡ Π²ΠΎ Π΄Π°Π΄Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π³ΠΎ Π·Π°Π³ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠ»Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ β ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π° Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π²Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ½Π° ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ° Π·Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π½ΠΈ, ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Π΄Π΅Π» ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅.
ΠΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΌ Π±Π΅Π·ΠΎΠΏΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈ, Π±Π΅Π· ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ°, ΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π½, ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΡ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ»ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²ΠΎ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π΅Π½ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠ° ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²Π° Π²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΎΠ·Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅
Π€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°
ΠΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° Π²ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π·Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π΅ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΠΈΠ». ΠΠΎ, Π²ΠΎ Π΄Π²Π°Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π³ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΠΎΡ Π²Π΅ΠΊ, Π·Π° ΠΏΡΠ² ΠΏΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π°, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈ Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π΄Π°Π»Π΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠΈΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π», Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π²Π°ΠΊΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ±Π° Π³Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠ΄Π²ΠΈΠ²Π° Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π΅Π½ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΎΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ°.
Π€ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ Π²ΠΈΠ΄ Π½Π° Π°Π²ΡΠΎΠΈΠΌΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°Π΄Π΅ ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈΠΎΡ Π°Π³Π΅Π½Ρ, ΠΌΠΈΠΊΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΎΠ΄ Π΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ, Π½Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° - ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎ ΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅, ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΊΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π΅ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅Ρ Π·ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ²ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΈΠΊΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈ Π½Π°ΡΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°.
ΠΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ Π±Π°Π·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΎΡΠ°Π°Ρ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅, Π½ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ Π°ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°Ρ, ΡΠΎΠ½Π·ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅, ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅, ΠΏΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π΄ΡΠΆΠΈΠΌΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π°ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π° Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°, Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ.
ΠΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΠ²Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅, ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ, Π½Π°ΡΠΎΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ·ΠΈ, Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°ΡΡΠ²ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ°Π»Π½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ Π΄Π΅Π» Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠΊΡΠΏΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎ Π·Π΄ΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ΅ Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΡ
ΠΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎ Nd: Yag Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Ρ
ΠΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΡ Π½Π° ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π·Π΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ±ΠΈ Π½Π° Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π½Π°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π° ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎ Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ°. ΠΠ³ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΈ, Π½Π΅Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ, ΠΌΠ°Π½ΡΠ΅Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° Π΄Π΅Π·ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Ρ
Π΅Π»Π°ΡΠΎΡΠΈ, ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅ Π΄Π° ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ΅Π½Π·ΠΈΡΠ° ΡΠΎ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½Π° ΠΈΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠ°.
Nd:Yag Π»Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π° Π°Π»Π°ΡΠΊΠ° ΠΊΠΎΡΠ° ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ°Π³Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π°Π²Π°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ Π³ΠΈ Π½ΡΠ΄ΠΈ Π»Π°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π²ΠΎ ΠΊΠ°Π½Π°Π»Π½ΠΈΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΎ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ° Π½Π° Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎΠ΅Π΄Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π·Π΅ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΠΈ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΈ ΡΠΎ Ρ
ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ·ΠΈ
Teeth whitening
In the age of modern life, aesthetic dentistry has increasing advantages over functional dentistry, and the demand for brighter and brighter teeth is increasing. American dental laboratories have gone the furthest in perfecting teeth whitening products, creating a "Hollywood smile". White teeth have always been a symbol of beauty, so teeth whitening is not related to the 21st century. The roots of this procedure date back to the 19th century. The teeth whitening procedure removes stains and stains from the tooth surfaces caused by various external or internal factors.The contemporary way of life imposes needs of new and modern esthetic solutions. The beautiful appearance is a part of the everyday life but the teeth along with the oral cavity are one of the first things that are visually noticeable so their esthetic affects the confidence of one individual. The oral health is an exclusively important factor which contributes to the overall look, it includes establishment of statisfactory function of the dentogenetic system as well as its esthetic. One of the main goals of the dental treatment I designing natural and esthetic smiles which satisfy the individuals and the specific needs of the patients. The possibility of achieving it all has improved over the last decade through the new specific modalities of treatment that are increasingly present in the everyday dental practice.Painted teeth are a real aesthetic problem for many people. Facial aesthetics implies beautiful and white teeth, which is increasingly the desire of many patients. Which whitening product and which method will be used depends on the color of the teeth. Since there are still dilemmas for and against whitening, its effect on tooth structure and its effect on intrapulp temperature, we decided that this should be the goal of our research. As part of our research, which is a review of the literature not older than 10 years, we also covered the types of whitening indications, contraindications, and we gave an overview of all aspects that are important for patients.The results obtained from the research literature show that teeth whitening improves the patient's self-confidence. A beautiful and bright smile is the first thing people notice when they meet. White teeth have long been considered friends of beauty and good health
Teeth whitening
In the age of modern life, aesthetic dentistry has increasing advantages over functional dentistry, and the demand for brighter and brighter teeth is increasing. American dental laboratories have gone the furthest in perfecting teeth whitening products, creating a "Hollywood smile". White teeth have always been a symbol of beauty, so teeth whitening is not related to the 21st century. The roots of this procedure date back to the 19th century. The teeth whitening procedure removes stains and stains from the tooth surfaces caused by various external or internal factors.The contemporary way of life imposes needs of new and modern esthetic solutions. The beautiful appearance is a part of the everyday life but the teeth along with the oral cavity are one of the first things that are visually noticeable so their esthetic affects the confidence of one individual. The oral health is an exclusively important factor which contributes to the overall look, it includes establishment of statisfactory function of the dentogenetic system as well as its esthetic. One of the main goals of the dental treatment I designing natural and esthetic smiles which satisfy the individuals and the specific needs of the patients. The possibility of achieving it all has improved over the last decade through the new specific modalities of treatment that are increasingly present in the everyday dental practice.Painted teeth are a real aesthetic problem for many people. Facial aesthetics implies beautiful and white teeth, which is increasingly the desire of many patients. Which whitening product and which method will be used depends on the color of the teeth. Since there are still dilemmas for and against whitening, its effect on tooth structure and its effect on intrapulp temperature, we decided that this should be the goal of our research. As part of our research, which is a review of the literature not older than 10 years, we also covered the types of whitening indications, contraindications, and we gave an overview of all aspects that are important for patients.The results obtained from the research literature show that teeth whitening improves the patient's self-confidence. A beautiful and bright smile is the first thing people notice when they meet. White teeth have long been considered friends of beauty and good health
ΠΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ-Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈ
ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΡΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ°Π²ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΈ ΡΠ° ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ, Π΄ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π» Π΄Π° ΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ Π·Π° Π΄Π° Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Ρ ΠΈΠ·Π³Π»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠΌΠ΅Π²ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°. Π‘Π΅ Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ ΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π°ΡΠ° ΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠ° ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°ΡΠ°, Π³ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° ΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΡ. ΠΠ°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ°Ρ Π΄Π° Π±ΠΈΠ΄Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ°Π». ΠΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΊΠΈΡΠ΅ Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎ Π³ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°Π°Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π·Π°Π±ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π° ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΠ΄ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡΠ΅ ΠΈ Π³ΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΡΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ°Π°Ρ ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π°ΡΠ° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ Π·Π°Π±ΠΈ
Determination of some volatile compounds in fruit spirits produced from grapes (Vitis Vinifera L.) and plums (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars
Fruit spirits contain a large array of volatile compounds among which the important role from toxicological
aspect besides ethanol has methanol, aliphatic esters and fusel alcohols. This study evaluates the content of ethanol, ethyl acetate, methanol, isopropyl alcohol (2-propanol), n-propyl alcohol (propan-l-ol), isobutyl alcohol (2-methylpropan-1-ol), n-butyl alcohol (1-butanol), isoamyl alcohol (3-methyl-1-butanol) and n-amyl alcohol (pentan-1-ol) in different grapes and plum brandies industrially produced at Republic of Macedonia. Gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID) was applied for the characterization of all investigated volatile compounds. The obtained results revealed that the highest methanol content was present in the samples of plum brandy, which is mainly due to the higher content of pectin in the raw material. The most important higher alcohols of grape and plum brandies were found to be: n-propyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and isoamyl alcohol. In all the analyzed samples of grape and plum brandies, the most abundant was isoamyl alcohol which content ranged from 50.3 to 290.7 mg/100 mL a.a. Comparing the results with the data from the literature, it can be concluded that the concentrations of all investigated volatile compounds in the samples of grape and plum brandies are commonly acceptable.
Keywords: Fruit Spirits, Gas Chromatography (GC), Methanol, Ethyl Acetate, Fusel Alcohol
Treatment modalities of palatal impacted canines
Introduction: The orthodontic treatment of impacted maxillary canine remains a challenge to todayβs clinicians. The treatment of this clinical entity usually involves surgical exposure of the impacted tooth, followed by orthodontic traction to guide and align it into the dental arch. The impacted palatal canine requires a combination of both treatment modalities: orthodontic management and oral surgical treatment. Two types of approach are commonly used: simple exposure, or exposure with bracketing at the time of oral surgery procedure. Bracketing is a well-established and effective method of managing the impacted canine though it has been criticized for increasing the operating time and being a more technique-sensitive procedure.Aim: The aim was to compare the outcome and complication rate for each type of procedure.Material and method: In this study 20 treated patients with both palatal impacted canines were included, one at which the ectopic tooth was surgically exposed alone and the other where an orthodontic bracket was bonded to facilitate early traction, and the flap replaced.Results: In 30 per cent of all cases exposed and bracketed a second surgical intervention was required, compared with 15 per cent in the simple exposure group.Conclusion: Bracketing, though effective, is a more costly and time-consuming procedure, and it is suggested that simple exposure provides an equally efficient and predictable method of managing the palatal impacted canine with obvious clinical and financial benefits
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