Картина пекла в альтернативах православно-есхатологічної думки.

У статті Г.Панкова «Картина пекла в альтернативах православно-есхатологічної думки” аналізується уявлення про пекло в ортодоксальній традиції християнської картини світу та його критика в аспекті гуманізму з боку окремих послідовників неортодоксальної православно-есхатологічної думки. Автором розкривається аксіологічне напруження між юридичним витлумаченням справедливості та етичною концепцією любові та милосердя до християнської есхатології. Гуманістична альтернатива ортодоксального трактування пекла демонструється на прикладі концепції Григорія Нісського, М.О. Бердяєва та Є.М. Трубецького.В статье Г.Панкова «Картина ада в альтернативах православно-эсхатологической мысли" анализируется представление об аде в ортодоксальной традиции христианской картины мира и его критика в аспекте гуманизма со стороны отдельных последователей неортодоксальные православно-эсхатологической мысли. Автором раскрывается аксиологическая напряжение между юридическим истолкование справедливости и этической концепцией любви и милосердия к христианской эсхатологии. Гуманистическая альтернатива ортодоксального трактовка ада демонстрируется на примере концепции Григория Нисского, М.О. Бердяева и Е.М. Трубецкого.In the article G.Pankov «The picture of the underworld in alternatives of orthodox and eskhatological conception» an idea of the underworld in orthodox tradition of christian picture of the world and its criticism in the aspect of humanism from the individual followers of non-orthodox christian-eskhatological idea is analysed. The author opens up axiological tension between juridical interpretation of justice and ethics conception of love and mercy in relation to christian eskhatology. Humanistic alternative of orthodox interpretation of the underworld is demonstrated on the example of conception by Grigory Nisskiy, N.A. Berdyaev, E.N.Trubeckoy

Impacts of geological store uncertainties on the design and operation of flexible CCS offshore pipeline infrastructure

Planning for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) infrastructure needs to address the impact of store uncertainties and store flow variability on infrastructure costs and availability. Key geological storage properties (pressure, temperature, depth and permeability) can affect injectivity and lead to variations in CO2 flow, which feed back into the pipeline transportation system. In previous storage models, the interface between the reservoir performance and the transportation infrastructure is unclear and the models are unable to provide details for flow and pressure management within a transportation network in response to changes in the operation of storage sites. Variation in storage demand due to daily and seasonal variations of fossil fuels uses and by extension CO2 flow is also likely to influence transportation infrastructure availability and the capacity to deliver. This work examines, at the level of infrastructure planning, the impact of store properties on CCS transportation and injection infrastructure in the context of flow variability. Different off-shore transportation scenarios, relevant to CCS in the UK, are evaluated using rigorous process modelling tools. Considering flow variations of ±50% of a given baseline flow, the results of the analysis indicate that enabling store flexibility is simpler in reservoirs with an initial pressure above 20 MPa. Wellhead conditions are influenced significantly by subsurface conditions. The operational envelope of the storage site is limited by the proximity of wellhead conditions to the CO2 phase equilibrium line and the maximum fluid velocities inside the well. Given reductions in reservoir permeability, the requirements for pressure delivery are strongly dependent on the reservoir temperature. This work provides detailed insight on the expected impacts of store properties on transportation infrastructure design and operation

Going the Extra Mile for the 2020 Elections in the Central African Republic. Egmont Africa Policy Brief No. 32 May 2020.

The upcoming 2020 presidential election in the Central African Republic (CAR) has the potential to derail the implementation of the 2019 Khartoum Peace Agreement and bring about a return to widespread conflict. This calls for immediate and collaborative action to be taken by those national, regional, and international actors working for peace in the country. This policy brief aims to outline some of the key risks posed by the upcoming elections and provide recommendations to mitigate their potential to negatively impact on ongoing peace and reconciliation efforts

Groeiend kwaliteitsbewustzijn bij outreachend werkers van MDRplus

Uit het onderzoek naar outreachend werken bij Maatschappelijke Dienstverlening Alexander komt onder meer naar voren, dat de professionals van MDA zorgen hebben over het vasthouden van de kwaliteit van hun aanpak binnen het werken in sociale wijkteams. In overleg met MDA is daarom gekozen voor het samen ontwikkelen van een werkwijze voor groeiend kwaliteitsbewustzijn die past bij de aard van outreachend werken. Inspiratie daarvoor werd gevonden in een werkwijze die Andries Baart en anderen ontwikkelde met professionals in organisaties voor ouderenzorg. Kern van de werkwijze van Baart en zijn team is, dat een open serie gesprekken tussen professionals wordt georganiseerd over wat goede zorg is, hoe men die wil bereiken en hoe die ook verantwoord zou kunnen worden (op manieren die aanvullend zijn voor de formele verantwoording die subsidiegevers vragen). Vanuit de Wmo werkplaats Rotterdam is een vergelijkbare serie gespreksbijeenkomsten georganiseerd voor medewerkers van MDA die in verschillende sociale wijkteams actief zijn. De gesprekken gingen bijvoorbeeld over: - welke deugden streef je na met het outreachend werken? - hoe en wanneer deze deugden in het werken met cliënten ingezet worden; - hoe kun je nóg beter reflecteren op de situatie en de context van de cliënt; - of de begeleiding in die specifieke situatie met deze cliënt ’goede begeleiding’ is; - hoe deze kwaliteit binnen een wijkteam een (geborgde) plaats kan krijgen. De uitwisseling van ervaringen en het samen bouwen aan kwaliteitsbewustzijn vonden de deelnemers waardevol. Tijd voor dialoog en reflectie wordt weinig gemaakt. Dit proces heeft geleid tot twee resultaten voor de Wmo werkplaats: een procesevaluatie en een handreiking waarin de werkwijze overdraagbaar wordt gemaakt

A state-of-the-art review of techno-economic models predicting the costs of CO2 pipeline transport

This study aims to provide a systematic overview and comparison of capital and O&M costs models for CO2 pipelines and booster stations currently available in literature. Our findings indicate significantly large cost ranges for the results provided by the different cost models. Two main types of capital cost models for pipeline transport were found in literature, models relating diameter to costs and models relating mass flow to costs. For the nine diameter based models examined, a capital cost range is found of, for instance, 0.8–5.5 M€2010/km for a pipeline diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 25 km. For the five mass flow based cost models evaluated in this study, a cost range is found of, for instance, 0.9–2.1 M€2010/km for a mass flow of 750 kg/s over 25 km (TRUNK-25). An important additional factor is that all capital costs models for CO2 pipeline transport, directly or indirectly, depend on the diameter. Therefore, a systematic overview is made of the various equations and parameter used to calculate the diameter. By applying these equations and parameters to a common mass flow, height difference and length result in diameters between 0.59 and 0.91 m for TRUNK-25. The main reason for this range was different assumptions about specific pressure drop and velocity. Combining the range for diameter, mass flow and diameter based cost models gives a capital and levelized cost range which varied by a factor 10 for a given mass flow and length. The levelized cost range will further increase if the discrepancy in O&M costs is added, for which estimations vary between 4.5 and 75 €/m/year for a pipeline diameter of 0.8 m. On top of this, most cost models underestimate the capital costs of CO2 pipelines. Only two cost models (namely the models who relate the costs to the weight of the pipeline) take into account the higher material requirements which are typically required for CO2 pipelines. The other sources use existing onshore natural gas pipelines as the basis for their cost estimations, and thereby underestimating the material costs for CO2 pipelines. Additionally, most cost models are based on relatively old pipelines constructed in the United States in the 1990s and early 2000s and do not consider the large increase in material prices in the last several years. Furthermore, key model characteristics are identified for a general cost comparison of CCS with other technologies and a system analysis over time. For a general cost comparison of CCS with other technologies, pipeline cost models with parameters which have physical or economic meaning are the preferred option. These are easy to interpret and can be adjusted to new conditions. A linear cost model is an example of such an model. For a system analysis over time, it is advised to adapt a pipeline cost model related to the weight of the pipeline, which is the only cost model that specifically models thickness of the pipeline and include material prices, to incorporate the effect of impurities and pipeline technology development. For modeling booster station costs, a relation between capacity and costs including some economies of scale seems to be the most appropriate. However, the cost range found in literature is very large, for instance, 3.1–3.6 M€2010 for a booster station with a capacity of 1.25 MWe. Therefore, validation of the booster station cost is required before such models are applied in further research

A state-of-the-art review of techno-economic models predicting the costs of CO2 pipeline transport

This study aims to provide a systematic overview and comparison of capital and O&M costs models for CO2 pipelines and booster stations currently available in literature. Our findings indicate significantly large cost ranges for the results provided by the different cost models. Two main types of capital cost models for pipeline transport were found in literature, models relating diameter to costs and models relating mass flow to costs. For the nine diameter based models examined, a capital cost range is found of, for instance, 0.8–5.5 M€2010/km for a pipeline diameter of 0.8 m and a length of 25 km. For the five mass flow based cost models evaluated in this study, a cost range is found of, for instance, 0.9–2.1 M€2010/km for a mass flow of 750 kg/s over 25 km (TRUNK-25). An important additional factor is that all capital costs models for CO2 pipeline transport, directly or indirectly, depend on the diameter. Therefore, a systematic overview is made of the various equations and parameter used to calculate the diameter. By applying these equations and parameters to a common mass flow, height difference and length result in diameters between 0.59 and 0.91 m for TRUNK-25. The main reason for this range was different assumptions about specific pressure drop and velocity. Combining the range for diameter, mass flow and diameter based cost models gives a capital and levelized cost range which varied by a factor 10 for a given mass flow and length. The levelized cost range will further increase if the discrepancy in O&M costs is added, for which estimations vary between 4.5 and 75 €/m/year for a pipeline diameter of 0.8 m. On top of this, most cost models underestimate the capital costs of CO2 pipelines. Only two cost models (namely the models who relate the costs to the weight of the pipeline) take into account the higher material requirements which are typically required for CO2 pipelines. The other sources use existing onshore natural gas pipelines as the basis for their cost estimations, and thereby underestimating the material costs for CO2 pipelines. Additionally, most cost models are based on relatively old pipelines constructed in the United States in the 1990s and early 2000s and do not consider the large increase in material prices in the last several years. Furthermore, key model characteristics are identified for a general cost comparison of CCS with other technologies and a system analysis over time. For a general cost comparison of CCS with other technologies, pipeline cost models with parameters which have physical or economic meaning are the preferred option. These are easy to interpret and can be adjusted to new conditions. A linear cost model is an example of such an model. For a system analysis over time, it is advised to adapt a pipeline cost model related to the weight of the pipeline, which is the only cost model that specifically models thickness of the pipeline and include material prices, to incorporate the effect of impurities and pipeline technology development. For modeling booster station costs, a relation between capacity and costs including some economies of scale seems to be the most appropriate. However, the cost range found in literature is very large, for instance, 3.1–3.6 M€2010 for a booster station with a capacity of 1.25 MWe. Therefore, validation of the booster station cost is required before such models are applied in further research

Evaluatie van relatievorming in de laagdrempelige verslavingszorg

Quality of relationship-building in low-threshold addiction and mental health care The goal of this article is to report about a quest to find a measure for evaluation of the quality of relationship-building in health care. First the importance of quality of relationship building in low threshold care is discussed. We search concepts and questionnaires that have value in this context. From this overview a questionnaire is chosen that covers aspects of the quality of relationshipbuilding best. This instrument was adapted to the care context and we collected data among 80 visitors of low-threshold institutions in four different cities. We evaluate to what extent the instrument meets our requests and explore further possibilities for application. Evaluatie van relatievorming in de laagdrempelige verslavingszorg Dit artikel vraagt aandacht voor de relationele kwaliteiten van professionals in de laagdrempelige verslavingszorg. Allereerst wordt beargumenteerd dat de kwaliteit van de relatie een belangrijk onderdeel is van de laagdrempelige verslavingszorg. Vervolgens wordt een literatuuroverzicht gepresenteerd waarmee een aantal aspecten van de kwaliteit van de relatie wordt blootgelegd. Omdat kwaliteit van de relatie van belang blijkt binnen patiëntgerichte zorg, worden verschillende instrumenten die patiëntgerichtheid meten vergeleken. De auteurs selecteerden op basis van deze vergelijking de vragenlijst die de meeste aspecten van de kwaliteit van de relatie meet, en bewerkten deze. Daarna is dit instrument getoetst in een onderzoek onder 80 bezoekers van laagdrempelige verslavingscentra in vier verschillende steden. De auteurs concluderen dat de bewerkte vragenlijst onderscheidend vermogen bezit voor verschillende werkers en instellingen. De lijst is behulpzaam bij het meten van de kwaliteit van de relatie tussen cliënt en hulpverlener

Investing in CO2 transport infrastructure under uncertainty : A comparison between ships and pipelines

The aim of this study is to assess whether the value of flexibility can influence the investment decision between CO"inf"2"/inf" ship and pipeline transport and, therefore, the way the infrastructure develops. For this, the value of a carbon capture and storage project are calculated with the standard net present value (NPV) and with the least-squares Monte Carlo method, which is a real option approach (ROA).Results of the NPV and ROA show that ships are preferred for small volumes over large distances. For instance, for a design capacity of 2.5Mt/y, pipelines are preferred for 250km and ships for 500km. The ROA shows that the option value to abandon the project and to switch off the CO"inf"2"/inf" capture unit temporarily are about 2-4 and 5 times as high for the ship compared to the pipeline configurations, respectively. The option to connect to another storage reservoir has a value of "1000M€ for the 10MtCO"inf"2"/inf"/y configurations. Consequently, this option turns the project values positive for the 10MtCO"inf"2"/inf"/y pipeline and shipping configurations over a distance of 250 and 500km.Overall, the value of flexibility did not change the preferred transportation mode from pipeline to ship transport, at least for the considered options to abandon the project, switch off the capture unit temporarily and switch to another storage reservoir. However, under the assumptions made, all 10MtCO"inf"2"/inf"/y cases were not profitable with the NPV approach, while they were profitable with the ROA