The hydrodynamics of the southern basin of Tauranga Harbour

The circulation of the southern basin of Tauranga Harbour was simulated using a 3-D hydrodynamic model ELCOM. A 9-day field campaign in 1999 provided data on current velocity, temperature and salinity profiles at three stations within the main basin. The tidal wave changed most in amplitude and speed in the constricted entrances to channels, for example the M2 tide attenuated by 10% over 500 m at the main entrance, and only an additional 17% over the 15 km to the top of the southern basin. The modelled temperature was sensitive to wind mixing, particularly in tidal flat regions. Residence times ranged from 3 to 8 days, with higher residence times occurring in sub-estuaries with constricted mouths. The typical annual storm events were predicted to reduce the residence times by 24%–39% depending on season. Model scenarios of storm discharge events in the Wairoa River varying from 41.69 m3/s to 175.9 m3/s show that these events can cause salinity gradients across the harbour of up to 4 PSU

In the Garden of Branching Processes

The current paper surveys and develops numerical methods for Markovian multitype branching processes in continuous time. Particular attention is paid to the calculation of means, variances, extinction probabilities, and marginal distributions in the presence of a Poisson stream of immigrant particles. The Poisson process assumption allows for temporally complex patterns of immigration and facilitates application of marked Poisson processes and Campbell’s formulas. The methods and formulas derived are applied to four models: two population genetics models, a model for vaccination against an infectious disease in a community of households, and a model for the growth of resistant HIV virus in patients undergoing drug therap

Evaluering av Senter for omsorgsforskning Midt-Norge sin forskningsfaglige bistand og veiledning til utviklingssentrene for hjemmetjenester og sykehjem i regionen

Senter for omsorgsforskning (SOF), Midt-Norge er tilknyttet Høgskolen i Nord – Trøndelag (HINT) og har blant annet som oppdrag å yte forskningsfaglig bistand og veiledning til Utviklingssentrene for hjemmetjenester og sykehjem (USHT) i regionen. USHT Midt- Norge består av tre Utviklingssenter for hjemmetjenester (Åfjord, Ålesund og Stjørdal) og tre Utviklingssenter for sykehjem (Trondheim, Kristiansund og Verdal). Målet med studien var å evaluere SOF Midt-Norges bistand og veiledning til USHT i regionen. Kunnskapen vi fikk fra denne evalueringen vil videre danne grunnlag for en mer målrettet arbeidsform og prioriteringer knyttet til dette samarbeidet. Metode: Kvalitativ studie der data ble samlet inn ved hjelp av spørreskjema med åpne spørsmål. Spørreskjemaet ble laget på grunnlag av Helsedirektoratet’s føringer for SOF’s arbeid i forhold til USHT i regionen. Spørreskjemaene ble sendt på e-mail til lederne i USHT. Resultat: Alle USHT i Midt -Norge svarte på spørreskjemaet. Alle USHT hadde skrevet en samarbeidsavtale med SOF.SOF Midt-Norg

Familie als Bildungsort: neue Herausforderungen zwischen gesellschaftlichem Diskurs und alltäglichem Handeln

Vor der Folie einer zwiespältigen Sicht auf Familie als Bildungsort zeigen wir zunächst, was der gesellschaftliche Thematisierungsschub von Bildung als soziales Problem und als gesellschaftliche Aufgabe für die Eltern und Familien bedeutet. Danach wird dargelegt, welche Bildungsleistungen Familien, verstanden als Netzwerke eigener Art, erbringen können. Ein Resümee fasst aktuelle Herausforderungen zusammen

Risk factors for sporadic domestically acquired Campylobacter infections in Norway 2010–2011: A national prospective case-control study

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Background: Campylobacteriosis is the most frequently reported food- and waterborne infection in Norway. We investigated the risk factors for sporadic Campylobacter infections in Norway in order to identify areas where control and prevention measures could be improved."Funds were provided for the preparation of data collection materials by the Norwegian Food Safety Authority and the Norwegian Veterinary Institut

Moderate-to-high intensity exercise with person-centered guidance influences fatigue in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis

Fatigue is described as a dominant and disturbing symptom of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) regardless of the advances in pharmacological treatment. Fatigue is also found to correlate with depression. The objective was to evaluate the impact of moderate-to-high intensity, aerobic and resistance exercise with person-centered guidance on fatigue, anxiety and depression, in older adults with RA. Comparisons were made between older adults (> 65\ua0years) with RA taking part in a 20-week moderate-to-high intensity exercise at a gym (n = 36) or in home-based exercise of light intensity (n = 38). Assessments were performed at baseline, at 20\ua0weeks, and at 52\ua0weeks. Outcomes were differences in Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory (MFI-20), Visual Analog Scale Fatigue (VAS fatigue), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Analysis of metabolomics was also performed. The subscales “physical fatigue” and “mental fatigue” in MFI-20 and symptoms of depression using HADS depression scale improved significantly at week 20 in the exercise group compared with the control group. Exercise did not influence global fatigue rated by VAS or subscales “reduced motivation”, “reduced activity” and “general fatigue” in MFI-20. No significant change was found on the anxiety index of HADS. The improvements in physical fatigue were associated with changes in the metabolism of lipids, bile acids, the urea cycle and several sugars. Moderate-to-high intensity exercise with person-centered guidance decreased fatigue and improved symptoms of depression and were accompanied by metabolic changes in older adults with RA

In black south africans from rural and urban communities, the 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism influences PAI-1 activity, but not plasma clot lysis time

Data on genetic and environmental factors influencing PAI-1 levels and their consequent effect on clot lysis in black African populations are limited. We identified polymorphisms in the promoter area of the PAI-1 gene and determined their influence on PAI-1act levels and plasma clot lysis time (CLT). We also describe gene-environment interactions and the effect of urbanisation. Data from 2010 apparently healthy urban and rural black participants from the South African arm of the PURE study were cross-sectionally analysed. The 5G allele frequency of the 4G/5G polymorphism was 0.85. PAI-1act increased across genotypes in the urban subgroup (p = 0.009) but not significantly in the rural subgroup, while CLT did not differ across genotypes. Significant interaction terms were found between the 4G/5G polymorphism and BMI, waist circumference and triglycerides in determining PAI-1act, and between the 4G/5G polymorphism and fibrinogen and fibrinogen gamma prime in determining CLT. The C428T and G429A polymorphisms did not show direct relationships with PAI-1act or CLT but they did influence the association of other environmental factors with PAI-1 act and CLT. Several of these interactions differed significantly between rural and urban subgroups, particularly in individuals harbouring the mutant alleles. In conclusion, although the 4G/5G polymorphism significantly affected PAI-1act, it contributed less than 1% to the PAI-1 act variance. (Central) obesity was the biggest contributor to PAI-1act variance (12.5%). Urbanisation significantly influenced the effect of the 4G/5G polymorphism on PAI-1act as well as gene-environment interactions for the C428T and G429A genotypes in determining PAI-1act and CLT

Protein resonance assignment by BSH‐CP‐based 3D solid‐state NMR experiments: A practical guide

Solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy has evolved into a powerful method to obtain structural information and to study the dynamics of proteins at atomic resolution and under physiological conditions. The method is especially well suited to investigate insoluble and noncrystalline proteins that cannot be investigated easily by X-ray crystallography or solution NMR. To allow for detailed analysis of ssNMR data, the assignment of resonances to the protein atoms is essential. For this purpose, a set of three-dimensional (3D) spectra needs to be acquired. Band-selective homo-nuclear cross-polarization (BSH-CP) is an effective method for magnetization transfer between carbonyl carbon (CO) and alpha carbon (CA) atoms, which is an important transfer step in multidimensional ssNMR experiments. This tutorial describes the detailed procedure for the chemical shift assignment of the backbone atoms of 13C–15N-labeled proteins by BSH-CP-based 13C-detected ssNMR experiments. A set of six 3D experiments is used for unambiguous assignment of the protein backbone as well as certain side-chain resonances. The tutorial especially addresses scientists with little experience in the field of ssNMR and provides all the necessary information for protein assignment in an efficient, time-saving approach.European Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000781Max Planck Society http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004189Leibniz‐Forschungsinstitut für Molekulare PharmakologiePeer Reviewe

The Father Role as Seen by a Group of College Student Fathers

Some literature implies the modern father has abdicated his place as head of the family, but little research has been done to examine the role of the father in the modern American family. Intensive interviews of 18 college student men who each had at least two children showed that these men are very much concerned with fatherhood and participate actively in the rearing of their children. They feel the father has at least as much responsibility for the rearing of their children as the mother, possibly more. They are involved more in some dimensions of parenthood than others. Those fathers who have demanding responsibilities outside the home participate less in child care but are no less interested or concerned. These families are quite democratic; most work out child care in an equalitarian manner. For the majority, however, the father remains the final authority