6 research outputs found
Exploring Luxury Travel from the Perspective of Ancillary Services Supplier: High-End Vehicles and Limousine Service.
- Publication venue
- International Journal of Supply Chain Management
- Publication date
- 30/10/2018
- Field of study
The purpose of the study is to explore oneof the ancillary services in tourism namely high-endvehicles and limousine service and identify its currentsupply, benefits, potential and challenges from thesupply perspective. As the study on the topic isrelatively new and intended to understand theexperience of the service providers in Malaysiasetting, qualitative study using case study approachwas adopted as the study methodology. The scope ofthe study covers the perspective of the supplier orservice providers of high-end vehicles and limousineservice in Malaysia. From the findings, it is agreedthat the provision of the service could positivelyenhance destination image and spurs tourism growththrough top notch delivery service. However, industryoverview and challenges revealed that insufficientsupply of vehicles, illegal use of privately-ownedvehicles for the service and shrinkage in economicgrowth, high cost of business operation, lack of accessto information and assistance as well as issue ofsustainability may hinder the potential to developgood destination image and stimulate tourismspending. To overcome these challenges, possiblerecommendations that can be suggested arefacilitating the industry through government support,embracing innovative business model to sustain andstimulating larger demand through vibrantattractions as pull factor. In conclusion, the high-endvehicles and limousine service industry has to be clearwith its actual target segmentation, embraceinnovation to build market capabilities andstrengthen its position and capabilities throughbusiness association. Future studies may include study from the demand perspective and comparisonstudy between popular high-yield tourists'destinations.INKeywords Ancillary service, Luxury travel, High-yieldtourist, High-end vehicles service, Supply perspectiv
استخدام اللغة الوسيطة في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها في كلية اللغات والإدارة
- Author
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 30/06/2021
- Field of study
يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة إدراك محاضري أو مدرسي اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها
لمفهوم اللغة الوسيطة، وكذلك الكشف عن أسباب أو دوافع استخدامها في تعليم اللغة العربية، وإبراز
الطرق الفعالة من أجل تطوير تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. اعتمد البحث على المنهج الكيفي
باستخدام المقابلات الفردية شبه المفتوحة لجمع البيانات المتعلقة بموضوع البحث من ثلاثة محاضرين
ممن يستخدمون اللغة الوسيطة في تعليم اللغة العربية والذين تم اختيارهم بأسلوب العينة غير العشوائية
(العينة القصدية.) وتم اتباع خطوات أسلوب التحليل بالأفكار لتحليل المقابلات الفردية للإجابة عن
أسئلة البحث. أظهرت نتائج البحث أن اللغة الوسيطة هي اللغة التي يلجأ إليها أو يستخدمها
بغيرها
المحاضرون في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين مثل اللغة الملايوية واللغة الإنجليزية لتسهيل
عملية تعّلم اللغة العربية، ويرى المشاركون في البحث بأنها من الطرق التي ُيمكن استخدامها في
توصيل محتوى المادة إلى الطلبة ومساعدتهم في التركيز والمشاركة في الدروس، مع التوصية بعدم
استخدامها في كل الأوقات وفي كل موضوعات اللغة العربية، وتشجيع الطلبة على ممارسة اللغة
العربية في عملية التعّلم. وتطّرق المشاركون إلى بعض الطرق الفّعالة التي ُيمكن استخدامها في تعليم
اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيرها. يوصي البحث باجراء أبحاث للكشف عن أراء الطلبة في استخدام اللغة
الوسيطة في تعليم اللغة العربية للناطقين بغيره
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
- Author
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abbas Ahmed M.
- Abbas Mostafa
- Abbasi Mujeeb
- Abbott Tom
- Abd Karim Muhammad Fairuz Shah
- Abdalaal Ibrahim
- Abdel-Galil Khalid
- Abdelemam Rania
- Abdelgawad Abdalrahman
- Abdelkarim Maryam
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Abdelfatah
- Abdelmawgoud Sherif
- Abdelmohsen Sarah
- Abdelrahman Ahmed Saber
- Abdelrahman Mostafa
- Abdelwahab Khaled
- Abdou Hossam
- Abdulai Darling Ramatu
- Abdulkhaleq Marwa
- Abdullah Bahiyah
- Abdulsalam Khalifa
- Abdulsalam Shuaib
- Abdur-Rahman Lukman
- Abdus-Salam Rukiyat
- Abdussalam Hameedat Opeyemi
- Abebrese John Tabiri
- Abeldaño Ariel
- Abou-Khalil Jad
- Abou-Taleb Hisham
- Abozid Anwaar
- Abozied Hesham
- Abrate Alberto
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abubakar Mohammed Kabir
- Abud Burçin
- Abuzaid Mohammed
- Adam Albushra Altayeb
- Adamina Michel
- Adamou Harissou
- Adamu Auwal
- Adamu Kabir Musa
- Adanu Kekeli
- Adebara Idowu
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji
- Adeniran Abiodun
- Adepiti Akinfolarin
- Aderogba Adeleke Akeem
- Adesunkanmi Abdulhafiz
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adisa Adewale
- Adjeso Theophilus Justus Kofi
- Ads Adel Mohamed
- Ads Alaa Mohamed
- Adu-Aryee Nii Armah
- Adumah Collins
- Afzal Irrum
- Agapov Mikhail
- Agarwal Gaurav
- Agarwal Ravi
- Agbeko Anita Eseenam
- Agbeno Evans Kofi
- Agbonrofo Peter
- Agboola Oluseyi
- Aggarwal Gaurav
- Aghadi Ifeanyi
- Aghtarafi Natasha
- Agrawal Amit
- Agresta Ferdinando
- Aguado Héctor J.
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Aherne Thomas
- Ahmad Aline
- Ahmad Maleeha
- Ahmad Misbahu
- Ahmad Sarwat
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Shoaib
- Ahmed Hayat Tarig Abdelhafiz
- Ahmed Khalid
- Ahmed Sharwany
- Ahmed Shima
- Ahmed Usama
- Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen
- Aitken Sarah
- Ajenifuja Kayode
- Ajiya Abdulrazak
- Akeel Nouf
- Akin Emrah
- Akinajo Opeyemi
- Akinyemi Tosin
- Akrida Ioanna
- Aktokmakyan Talar Vartanoglu
- Akwaisah Ayoub
- Al Bettar Osama
- Al-Badawi Ismail A.
- Al-Juaifari Maytham
- Al-Khyatt Waleed
- Al-Mallah Abdullah
- Al-Nusairi Ahmed
- Al-Saadi Nina
- Al-Sayaghi Khaled
- Al-Shaiji Tariq
- Al-Shehari Mohammed
- Al-Touny Aiman
- Al-Touny Shimaa A.
- Aladawi Omar
- Aladna Abdallah
- Alali Mahmoud
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- Alexander Philip
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- Algarni Kamal
- Alhamad Ameen
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- Alharmi Rawan A. Rahman
- Alharthi Mohammed
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- Ali Mohamed Shafi Mahboob
- Ali Stephen
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- Almiqlash Bushray
- Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr
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- Alnsour Abed Alfattah Mahmoud
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- Alonso Jesús Aarón Martínez
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- Balogh Zsolt J.
- Balogun James A.
- Balogun Simon
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- Basendowah Mohammed
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- Bateman Antony
- Bateman Kellie
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- Bawa Ashvind
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- Borg Elaine
- Borges Miguel Fróis
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- Calvache Nieto
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- Camargo-Parra Katherin
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- Cammarata Francesco
- Cammarata Roberto
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- Campuzano Nicolas
- Cano-Trigueros Emiliano
- Capella Stefano
- Capitan-Morales Luis-Cristobal
- Capobianco Mattia
- Capolupo Gabriella Teresa
- Capozzi Enrico
- Cappuccio Micaela
- Capuano Marianna
- Carannante Filippo
- Carbone Fabio
- Carbone Ludovico
- Caretto Marta
- Caricato Chiara
- Caricato Marco
- Carpenter Holly
- Carreras-Castañer Anna
- Carretero Manuel Moriche
- Caruana Edward J.
- Carvello Michele
- Casagranda Biagio
- Cassese Gianluca
- Cassinotti Elisa
- Castagnini Francesco
- Castaldi Antonio
- Castaño Mario
- Castaño-Leon Ana M.
- Castillo Dayan Fanery Campino
- Castillo Monica Noguez
- Castro Ernes John
- Catarzi Lisa
- Caubet Maria Mercedes
- Caziuc Alexandra
- Ceelen Wim
- Celik Burak
- Cerovac Anis
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- Chan Linda
- Chan Matthew
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- Charalabopoulos Alexandros
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- Chaudhary Muhammad Hamid
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- Chauhan Munish
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- Cheetham Mark
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- Christodoulou Prokopis
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- Dulskas Audrius
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- Elnour Moheyaldien Ahmed Elamin
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- Vázquez Gil
- Vázquez Irene Ortega
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- Wafi Omar
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- Wallis Christopher
- Wanjara Samuel
- Waqar Shahzad Hussain
- Warden Claire
- Warner Christian
- Wasim D.
- Wason Shaun
- Wasserman Isaac
- Watcyn-Jones Tom
- Waterson Ben
- Watson David
- Watson Matthew
- Weber Clemens
- Wheatstone P.
- Wheeler James
- Wheldon Luke
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- White Stuart
- White William
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- Wiedemann Dominik
- Wiesinger Clemens Georg
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- Wiles Matthew
- Wilkin Richard
- Wilkins Alex
- Wilkins James
- William Tinka George
- Williams Omolara Modupe
- Williams Shekinah
- Windsor John
- Winnand Philipp
- Wittmann Maria
- Wolde Amanuel
- Wolfenden John W. D.
- Wong Benjamin Ngie Xiong
- Wong Enoch
- Wong Evan G.
- Wong George Kwok Chu
- Wong Ho Ying Flora
- Wong Kai Yuen
- Wormald Justin
- Wright Deborah
- Wright Joshua
- Wu Fiona
- Wurm Markus
- Xenaki Sofia
- Yadev Ip
- Yahaya Ahmad Shuib
- Yakubu Mustapha
- Yang Wah
- Yanik Özge
- Yanowsky-Reyes Guillermo
- Yassin Abubaker
- Yates Elizabeth
- Yebes Alvaro
- Yenli Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-Ang
- Yeoh Tien
- Yeung Justin
- Yiallourou Anneza
- Yigit Banu
- Yildirim Asif
- Yim Guang
- Yiu Andrew
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yotsov Tsanko
- Younis Muhammad Umar
- Yunus Alif
- Yusefi Hossein
- Zabaleta Jon
- Zabkiewicz Catheriner
- Zaccaria Giulia
- Zacharia Bincy
- Zafar Syed Nabeel
- Zago Mauro
- Zaheen Zakia
- Zahid Zahra
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zambon Martina
- Zamora Lindsey
- Zampogna Biagio
- Zancana Giuseppa
- Zani Augusto
- Zanin Luca
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapardiel Ignacio
- Zapata Carlos Shiraishi
- Zarif Pierre
- Zaránd Attila
- Zehnder Philipp
- Zenger Serkan
- Zenha Horácio
- Zhu Michael Z. L.
- Ziemann Sebastian
- Zimak Danijela Mrazovac
- Zimak Zoran
- Zivkovic Dragana
- Zizzo Maurizio
- Zucker Benjamin
- Zwain Yasir
- Zyskowski Michael
- Ávila Clara Castro
- Älgå Andreas
- Çakici Mehmet Çaǧlar
- Çelik Enes
- Çelik Meryem Nur
- Özçay Necdet
- Şevik Hüsnü
- Šantak Goran
- Šimko Kristián
- Žatecký Jan
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
Burden of disease scenarios for 204 countries and territories, 2022–2050: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin (18346572)
- Aanuoluwa James Salemcity (18803035)
- Aaron J Cohen (8673585)
- Abbas Mosapour (9154247)
- Abdallah HA Abd Al Magied (18802573)
- Abdallah M Samy (8383428)
- Abdallah Y Naser (18347016)
- Abdelghani Tbakhi (12229742)
- Abdoljalal Marjani (18346929)
- Abdorrahim Absalan (18578551)
- Abdul Hafiz (89029)
- Abdul Wadood Wadood (18803098)
- Abdul Waris (712246)
- Abdulaal Chitheer (8673570)
- Abdulahi Opejin Opejin (18802957)
- Abdulaziz T Bako (18346515)
- Abdulfatai Aremu (9536881)
- Abdulqadir J Nashwan (17991280)
- Abera M Mersha (12150669)
- Abhinav Singh (358909)
- Abhishek Anil (17937800)
- Abhishek Shankar (18207631)
- Abid Ali (3123210)
- Abida Sultana (8147670)
- Abiola Ogunkoya (17255770)
- Abu Sayeed (195793)
- Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau (7623503)
- Abzal Zhumagaliuly (17612982)
- Adalia I Ikiroma (18802801)
- Adam Saddler (386039)
- Adarsh Raja (17612754)
- Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe (18802633)
- Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi (18267274)
- Adel B Elmoselhi (18802711)
- Adel Hajj Ali (18802777)
- Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe (4344979)
- Adesola Adenike Ogunfowokan (18802948)
- Adnan Kisa (6419198)
- Adquate Mhlanga (18346968)
- Adrian Otoiu (9714965)
- Adriana Dima (18346644)
- Afeez Abolarinwa Salami (18059419)
- Afisu Basiru (18346530)
- Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan (9154253)
- Ahmad Alrawashdeh (8672271)
- Ahmad Azam Malik (6166283)
- Ahmad Ozair (11358042)
- Ahmad Pour-Rashidi (17030889)
- Ahmed I Hasaballah (9154109)
- Ahmed Ismail Mohamed (18346986)
- Ahmed Mustafa Rashid (12159296)
- Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi (11438932)
- Akhilanand Chaurasia (12229490)
- Akila Prashant (433606)
- Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle (7492583)
- Akram Al-Ibraheem (17257081)
- Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula (7405757)
- Ala'a B Al-Tammemi (18802612)
- Alanna Gomes da Silva (18802693)
- Alberto Freitas (4784418)
- Alberto Ortiz (108398)
- Alberto Raggi (765515)
- Alejandro Botero Carvajal (16510287)
- Aleksandr Y Aravkin (9714434)
- Alem Girmay (8173929)
- Alessandra C Goulart (8673807)
- Aletta Elisabeth Schutte (8674434)
- Alexander G Mathioudakis (18301831)
- Alexios-Fotios A Mentis (12229619)
- Ali Ardekani (11010866)
- Ali Fatehizadeh (11978754)
- Ali Gholamrezanezhad (11082020)
- Ali H Mokdad (8383332)
- Ali Hajj Ali (18802780)
- Ali Kabir (9154145)
- Ali Mansour (3278976)
- Ali Nikoobar (12340897)
- Ali S Shalash (9154358)
- Ali Shamekh (12910367)
- Ali-Asghar Kolahi (11168677)
- Alicia Padron-Monedero (11875439)
- Alimuddin Zumla (65389)
- Alireza Amindarolzarbi (18346476)
- Alireza Ebrahimi (9729951)
- Alireza Khalilian (18297268)
- Alireza Mirahmadi (18802882)
- Alireza Saghafi (18803029)
- Aliza J Hunt (18802795)
- Allen Seylani (10195494)
- Almaza Albakri (18346443)
- Aly MA Saad (17255791)
- Alyssa Columbus (18346608)
- Amanda E Smith (18347400)
- Amartya Kundu (12003234)
- Ameen Mosa Mohammad (18802891)
- Amel Ouyahia (12997081)
- Amey Rane (18347151)
- Amin Reza Nikpoor (3745657)
- Amin Sharifan (16416675)
- Aminu Shittu (9544250)
- Amir Anoushiravani (18278710)
- Amir Hossein Behnoush (14501081)
- Amir Masoud Rahmani (11553799)
- Amir Shiani (15441481)
- Amir Yarahmadi (18803119)
- AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf (18802897)
- Amirhossein Sahebkar (1452028)
- Amirmohammad Khalaji (14501090)
- Amjad Ali (51075)
- Amjad S Al Mosa (18802582)
- Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun (9930709)
- Amol S Dhane (18802702)
- Amr Hassan (9715952)
- Amy E Peden (9714992)
- An Thien Tran (18803080)
- An-Tian Chen (18346590)
- Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá (18802879)
- Ana-Maria Musina (12258489)
- Anamika Pandey (2575252)
- Anar Dushpanova (487211)
- Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor (12229430)
- Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian (18347094)
- Anders O Larsson (9714878)
- Andre Faro (8383188)
- Andre Rodrigues Duraes (9714668)
- Andrea Carugno (18346584)
- Andrea Maugeri (638416)
- Andrew T Olagunju (6568496)
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 16/05/2024
- Field of study
BackgroundFuture trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050.MethodsUsing forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline.FindingsIn the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]).InterpretationGlobally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions.FundingBill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
- Author
- A A Essam
- Abd El-Rahman Hegazy Khedr
- Abd Elkhalek Sallam
- Abd Elrahman Elshafay
- Abdalla Gamal Saad
- Abdalla Gharib
- Abdalla Kenibar
- Abdallah Salah Elsherbiny
- Abdalrahman Adel
- Abdelaziz Abdelaal
- Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz Elhendawy
- Abdelfatah Hussein
- Abdelkader Belkouchi
- Abdelmalek Hrora
- Abdelrahman Adelshone
- Abdelrahman Alkammash
- Abdelrahman Assal
- Abdelrahman Geuoshy
- Abdelrahman Haroun
- Abdelrahman Mohammed
- Abdelrahman Sayed
- Abdelrahman Soliman
- Abdelrhman Essam Elnemr
- Abdelrhman Kz Darwish
- Abdelrhman Osama Elsebaaye
- Abdul Khalique
- Abdul Rehman Alvi
- Abdul Wahid Anwar
- Abdulaziz Altwijri
- Abdullah Al-Mallah
- Abdullah Almoflihi
- Abdullah Altamimi
- Abdullah Daqeeq
- Abdullah Dwydar
- Abdullah Gouda
- Abdullah Hashim
- Abdulmalik Altaf
- Abdulmalik Huwait
- Abdulrahman Abdel-Aty
- Abdulrahman M Altwigry
- Abdulrahman Sheshe
- Abdulrasheed A Nasir
- AbdulRazzaq Oluwagbemiga Lawal
- Abdulshafi Khaled Abdrabou
- Abdurrahaman Sheshe
- Abdussemiu Abdurrazzaaq
- Abebe Bekele Zerihun
- Abeer Al-Shammari
- Abeer El Gendy
- Abeer Esam
- Abeer Marey
- Abhishek Mittal
- Abiboye Yifieyeh
- Abid Bin Mahamood
- Abidemi Adesuyi
- Abouelatta Khairy Aly
- Abrar Nawawi
- Adam Gyedu
- Ade Waterman
- Adedapo Osinowo
- Adedeji Fatuga
- Adel Albiety
- Adel B Hassanein
- Adel Denewar
- Adeleke Adekoya
- Ademola Adebanjo
- Ademola Adeyeye
- Ademola Popoola
- Adesina Adedeji
- Adesoji O Ademuyiwa
- Adesoji Tade
- Adewale Adeniyi
- Adewale O Adisa
- Adham Tarek
- Adomas Ladukas
- Adrian F Palma
- Afifatun Hasanah
- Afizah Salleh
- Afnan Abdelfatah
- Afnan Altamimi
- Afnan Altamini
- Agazi Fitsum
- Agboola Taiwo
- Ahamed Hassan
- Ahed Ghaben
- Ahmad Abdel Fattah
- Ahmad Abdel Razaq Al Rafati
- Ahmad Aboelkassem Ibrahem
- Ahmad Aldalaq
- Ahmad Ali
- Ahmad Almallah
- Ahmad Alrifaie
- Ahmad Ashour
- Ahmad Bakr
- Ahmad Bani-Sadar
- Ahmad Bin Adnan
- Ahmad Elbatahgy
- Ahmad Faraz
- Ahmad Gudal
- Ahmad Hasan
- Ahmad Khaled Sabe
- Ahmad Khoja
- Ahmad Nashaat
- Ahmad Qaissieh
- Ahmad Sabe
- Ahmad Saber Sleem
- Ahmad Sakr
- Ahmad Shalabi
- Ahmad Uzair Qureshi
- Ahmed Aamer
- Ahmed Abd El Galeel
- Ahmed Abd Elmoen Elhusseiny
- Ahmed Abd Elsameea
- Ahmed Abdelkareem
- Ahmed Abdelmotaleb Ghazy
- Ahmed Abo El Magd
- Ahmed Abo Elazayem
- Ahmed Adamu
- Ahmed Adel
- Ahmed Afandy
- Ahmed Ahmed
- Ahmed Al-Khatib
- Ahmed Alghamdi
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Altibi
- Ahmed Alzahrani
- Ahmed Ata
- Ahmed Badr
- Ahmed Dahy
- Ahmed Diab
- Ahmed El Kashash
- Ahmed El Kholy
- Ahmed El-Sehily
- Ahmed Elgaili Khalid Musa
- Ahmed Elgebaly
- Ahmed Elkelany
- Ahmed Elkholy
- Ahmed Essam
- Ahmed Fahiem
- Ahmed Farag
- Ahmed Fawzy
- Ahmed Fouad
- Ahmed Gad
- Ahmed Ghanem
- Ahmed Gheith
- Ahmed Gomaa
- Ahmed Hafez El-Badri Kotb
- Ahmed Hammad
- Ahmed Hassan
- Ahmed Hossam Eldin Fouad Rida
- Ahmed Ismail
- Ahmed Karim
- Ahmed Khyrallh
- Ahmed Lasheen
- Ahmed M Rashed
- Ahmed Magdy
- Ahmed Mahmoud Abdelraouf
- Ahmed Menshawy
- Ahmed Meshref
- Ahmed Mohamed Afifi
- Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim
- Ahmed Mohameden
- Ahmed Mohammed
- Ahmed Mokhtar
- Ahmed Mosad
- Ahmed Moustafa
- Ahmed Moustafa Saeed
- Ahmed Negida
- Ahmed Rabeih Mohammed
- Ahmed Rabie Mohamed
- Ahmed Ragab Nayel
- Ahmed Ragab Soliman
- Ahmed Raslan
- Ahmed Raza
- Ahmed Refaat
- Ahmed Rslan
- Ahmed Sabry
- Ahmed Sabry El-Hamouly
- Ahmed Safwan Marey
- Ahmed Saidbadr
- Ahmed Sakr
- Ahmed Samir
- Ahmed Shahine
- Ahmed Sheta
- Ahmed Soliman
- Ahmed Tammam
- Ahmed Tarek Abdelbaset Hassan
- Ahmed W Shamsedine
- Ahmed Zaki
- Ahmed Zaki Eldeeb
- Ahmed Zohair
- Ahmedali M Kandil
- Ahmedglal Elnagar
- Ahsan Zil-E-Ali
- Aijaz Jabbar
- Ailsa Claire Snaith
- Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri
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- Alan Baird
- Alan Grant
- Alasdair Ball
- Alban Cacurri
- Albert Mohale Mphatsoe
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- Alejandro Matheu
- Alejandro Munera
- Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada
- Alessandro Favero
- Alessio Maniscalco
- Alexander Canta Calua
- Alexander J Fowler
- Alexandra Gerosa
- Alexandre Horobjowsky
- Alexandre Venancio De Sousa
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- Alfio Alessandro Russo
- Alfredo Gulielmi
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- Atif Mahdi
- Attia Attia
- Attia Mohamed Attia
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- Aung Kyaw Tun
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- Aurora Mariani
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- Beatrice Brunoni
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- Benoît Parmentier
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- Bertrand Dousset
- Besmir Grizhja
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- Betty Maillot
- Billal Mansour
- Bjorn Frisk
- Bogdan Diaconescu
- Bogdan-Valeriu Martian
- Boris Marinkovic
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- Brian Cameron
- Britta Dedekind
- Bruno Noukpozounkou
- Bryon Frankie Hon Khi Chong
- Bylapudi Seshu Kumar
- Bárbara Málaga
- Caio Vinícius Barroso de Lima
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- Camilla Cona
- Camilo Lopez-Arevalo
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- Caranj Venugopal
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- Carlos Alejandro Arroyo Basto
- Carlos Iván Pérez Velásquez
- Carlos Morales
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- Carmen Fernández
- Carmina Diaz-Zorrilla
- Carolina Guzmán Dueñas
- Carolina Oliveira Felipe
- Caroline Clifford
- Caroluce K Musyoka
- Catherine A Shaw
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- Cecile Muller
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- Cesar Razuri
- Cezar Ciubotaru
- Chali Chibuye
- Challine Alexandre
- Charing Cheuk Ling Szeto
- Charles Dally
- Charlotte Jane Mcintyre
- Chaymae Benyaiche
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- Mawaddah Alrajraji
- Max Dénakpo
- Max Rath
- Mayaba Maimbo
- Mazed Mohamed
- Mazen Hassanain
- Maíra Cassa Careta
- Megan Turner
- Mehmet Ali Yavuz
- Mehmet Gumar
- Mehmet Uluşahin
- Melanie Castro Mollo
- Melanie Zapata Ponze De Leon
- Menatalla Salem
- Mengistu Worku
- Menna Tallah Ramadan
- Mennaallah Hafez
- Mennat-Allah Mustafa
- Menold Archee P Redota
- Meran Allam
- Meric Mericliler
- Merna Mostafa
- Meryem Abbouch
- Metwally Aboraya
- Michael Amoah
- Michael Cox
- Michael Edye
- Michael Gillespie
- Michael Hanrahan
- Michael Livingston
- Michael Puttick
- Michael Stoddart
- Michael Van Niekerk
- Michael Walsh
- Michael Wilson
- Michail Kontos
- Michail Margaritis
- Michał Janik
- Micheal Ohene-Yeboah
- Michela Monteleone
- Michele Carlucci
- Michele Sacco
- Michelle Mccarthy
- Midhun Mohan
- Miguel Angel Paludi
- Miguel Siguantay
- Mihael Radic
- Mihaela Vartic
- Miklosh Bala
- Milaksh Kumar Nirumal
- Milan Radojkovic
- Milica Nestorovic
- Millika Ghetia
- Mindaugas Kiudelis
- Mircea Beuran
- Mircea Hogea
- Mirko Mangiapane
- Mitchelle Solange De Fã Tima Linares Delgado
- Moayad Othman
- Mobolaji Oludara
- Modise Zacharia Koto
- Mohamad Baheeg
- Mohamad Bakhaidar
- Mohamad Jeffrey Bin Ismail
- Mohamed A Abdelaziz
- Mohamed A Amer
- Mohamed A Baky Fahmy
- Mohamed Abbas
- Mohamed Abd El Slam
- Mohamed Abdelaty
- Mohamed Abdelaty Mohamed
- Mohamed Abdelkhalek
- Mohamed Abdelraheim
- Mohamed Abozaid
- Mohamed Abozed Abdullah
- Mohamed Abuseif
- Mohamed Adel Badenjki
- Mohamed Ali Ghonaim
- Mohamed Ali Mahmoud
- Mohamed Ameen
- Mohamed Ammar
- Mohamed Asal
- Mohamed Awad Elkarim Hamad Mohamed
- Mohamed Dablouk
- Mohamed El Halawany
- Mohamed Elazoul
- Mohamed Elbermawy
- Mohamed Elfil
- Mohamed Elsehimy
- Mohamed Elzayat
- Mohamed Etman
- Mohamed F Zalabia
- Mohamed Fares
- Mohamed Fawzy Mahrous Badr
- Mohamed Fouad Hamed
- Mohamed Gadelkarim
- Mohamed Ghoneem
- Mohamed Gulamhussein
- Mohamed Hafez
- Mohamed Hashish
- Mohamed Hassab Alnaby
- Mohamed Husseini
- Mohamed Ibrahim
- Mohamed Ismail
- Mohamed Karkeet
- Mohamed Kelany
- Mohamed Mabrouk
- Mohamed Magdy
- Mohamed Mahmoud
- Mohamed Moamen Mohamed
- Mohamed Moaty
- Mohamed Mostafa
- Mohamed Mustafa
- Mohamed Nashat
- Mohamed Nazir
- Mohamed Reda Loaloa
- Mohamed Rezal Abdul Aziz
- Mohamed Sabry Ammar
- Mohamed Salah
- Mohamed Salah Elhelbawy
- Mohamed Seisa
- Mohamed Shaalan
- Mohamed Sleem
- Mohamed Sobhi Jabal
- Mohamed Youssef
- Mohamed Zidan
- Mohamedraed Elshami
- Mohammad Abdulkhalek Habeeb
- Mohammad Aboraya
- Mohammad Adawi
- Mohammad Alherz
- Mohammad Aliyu
- Mohammad Elsayed Omar
- Mohammad Ghannam
- Mohammad Ghassan Alwafai
- Mohammad Mohsin Arshad
- Mohammad Rashid
- Mohammadasim Amjad
- Mohammed Alamoudi
- Mohammed Alhendy
- Mohammed AlRowais
- Mohammed Alsaggaf
- Mohammed Alzahrani
- Mohammed Bukari
- Mohammed Deputy
- Mohammed Elgheriany
- Mohammed Elsayed
- Mohammed Elshaar
- Mohammed Elsiddig
- Mohammed Firdouse
- Mohammed G Azizeldine
- Mohammed Hanafy
- Mohammed Ismail
- Mohammed Kamal Ismail
- Mohammed Mousa
- Mohammed Mousa Salem
- Mohammed Mustafa Hassan Mohammed
- Mohammed Mustafa Mohammed
- Mohammed Najjar
- Mohammed Nasr
- Mohammed Osman
- Mohammed Osman Dablouk
- Mohammed Saeed
- Mohammed Saleh A Alghamdi
- Mohammed Ubaid Alsaggaf
- Mohammed Yahia Mohamed Aly
- Mohannad Aledrisy
- Mojolaoluwa Olugbemi
- Mona Hamdy Madkor
- Mona Hosh
- Mona Rashad
- Monahan Mark
- Monica Bassem
- Monique Moron Munhoz
- Monty Khajanchi
- Morgan Haines
- Morton Dion G
- Morvarid Ashtari
- Mostada Samy
- Mostafa Abdelkader
- Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa Eldin
- Mostafa Allam
- Mostafa Gemeah
- Mostafa Mahmoud Eid
- Mostafa Qenawy
- Mostafa Samy
- Mostafa Seif
- Mostafa Shalaby
- Mousa Mustafa
- Moustafa Ibrahim Mahmoud
- Moustafa R Aboelsoud
- Msafiri Kimaro
- Muayad Ahmed Alfarsi
- Muhamed M H Farhan-Alanie
- Muhammad Adil
- Muhammad Alkelani
- Muhammad Amsyar Auni Lokman
- Muhammad Bin Hasnan
- Muhammad Daniyan
- Muhammad El-Saied Ahmad Muhammad Gohar
- Muhammad Fathi Waleed Omar
- Muhammad Habib Ibrahim
- Muhammad Mohsin Furqan
- Muhammad Rashid Minhas Qadir
- Muhammad Saqlain
- Muhammad Shawqi
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- Muhammad Waqar
- Muhammed Masood Riaz
- Muhammed Talaat
- Muhtarima Haque
- Muna Rommaneh
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- Myint Tun
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- Nadia Ortiz
- Nadin Elsayed
- Nadya Johanna
- Nahilia Carrasco
- Najwa Nadeem
- Naomi J Wright
- Napoleon Mendez
- Narimantas E Samalavicius
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- Nasir Bustangi
- Natale Di Martino
- Natalie Blencowe
- Natalie Redgrave
- Nathalie Botto
- Nathania Sutandi
- Nawal Sadig
- Nazmie Kariem
- Nebil Behar
- Nebiyou Seyoum Abebe
- Nebyou Seyoum
- Nebyou Seyoum Abebe
- Neel Gobin
- Neel Limaye
- Neerav Aruldas
- Nehal Yosri Elsayed Abdel-Wahab
- Neil Smart
- Nelson Manuel Urbina Rojas
- Nelson Msiska
- Nerijus Kaselis
- Nermeen Soubhy El-Shahat
- Nermin M Badwi
- Nermin Mohamed Badwi
- Nesma Elfouly
- Nicholas Phillips
- Nichole Starr
- Nicola Chetta
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- Nicolas Henric
- Nicole D'aguzan
- Nicole Grech
- Nicoleta Panait
- Nicoletta Leone
- Nicolò Falco
- Nidhi Gyanchandani
- Nigel J Hall
- Nihaal Shaikh
- Niiarmah Adu-Aryee
- Nik Azim Nik Abdullah
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- Noran Halim El Gendy
- Norbert Uzabumwana
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- Norma Depalma
- Nosisa Sishuba
- Nouf Akeel
- Noura A Attallah
- Nourhan Adam
- Nourhan Anwar
- Nourhan Elsabbagh
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- Novia Adhitama
- Nowrin F Aman
- Nuno Muralha
- Nur Zulaika Riswan
- Nurlaila Ayu Purwaningsih
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- Octavio Garaycochea
- Oday Halhouli
- Ogechukwu Taiwo
- Ola Sherief Abd El Hameed
- Olabisi Osagie
- Olabode Oshodi
- Olajide Abiola
- Olalekan Ajai
- Oliver Warren
- Oliver Ziff
- Olivier Abbo
- Olivier Azzis
- Olivier Rosello
- Olubukola Faturoti
- Olufemi Habeeb
- Olumide Elebute
- Oluseyi Ogunsua
- Oluwaseyi Adebola
- Oluwatomi Odutola
- Omar Abdelkader
- Omar Abdulbagi
- Omar Aguilera
- Omar Alahmady
- Omar Arafa
- Omar Ghoneim
- Omar Hesham
- Omar Mattar
- Omar Moussa
- Omar Osman
- Omar Salah
- Omar Saleh
- Omnia Aboelmagd
- Omnia Mosalum
- Omobolaji O Ayandipo
- Omolara Faboya
- Omolara Williams
- Opeoluwa Adesanya
- Orestis Ioannidis
- Osaid H Alser
- Osama Algohary
- Osama Mohamed
- Osama Mohamed Salah
- Osama Mokhtar Mohamed Hassan
- Osama Saadeldeen Ebrahim
- Osama Seifelnasr
- Osman Imoro
- Ossama Al-Obaedi
- Otto Coyoy-Gaitan
- Ourdia Bouali
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- Oyediran Kehinde Timothy
- Oyindamola Oshati
- Pablo Ramazzini
- Pamphile A Assouto
- Panchali Sarmah
- Pandi Eduard
- Panu Mentula
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- Paola Violi
- Paolino De Marco
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- Patrizio Mao
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- Paul Sutton
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- Paul Wondoh
- Pauline Gastaldi
- Paulius Karumnas
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- Pedro Angel Toribio Orbegozo
- Peep Talving
- Pei Ying Koh
- Per Weber
- Per-Olof Lundgren
- Peter Deutschmann
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- Pui Xin Chin
- Puneet Malik
- Puyearashid Nashidengo
- Pål Aksel Næss
- Qinyang Liu
- Quentin Alimi
- Quentin Ballouhey
- Quinn Ellison
- R Goh Ern Tze
- Rachel King
- Rachel Moore
- Radhian Amandito
- Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin Dorani
- Rafael Araujo
- Rafael Soley
- Rafał Roszkowski
- Raffaele Galleano
- Ragavan Narayanan
- Ragnar Herikstad
- Rahma Kamil
- Rajeev Satoskar
- Rakan Kabariti
- Ralph F Staerkle
- Ram Nataraja
- Ramadan Oumer
- Ramadan Shaker
- Ramdan Shaker
- Ramesh Jonnalagadda
- Ramon Alvarado Jaramillo
- Ramón Augusto Melo Cardozo
- Rana Mamdouh
- Rana Saadeh
- Raquel Rodríguez-Uría
- Raquillet Claire
- Rasha Abdelhamed
- Razvan-Matei Bratu
- Reda Žilinskienė
- Redouane Mammar Bennai
- Reem Alyahya
- Reem Fakher
- Reem Husseiny
- Reem Khreishi
- Reem Mohammed Hassan Balila
- Rehab Elashry
- Reham Alaa El-Din
- Reham Alshareef
- Reham Saad
- Renato Melo
- Reuban D'cruz
- Reuben Goh Ern Tze
- Reuter Anna
- Reynu Rajan
- Rezaul Karim
- Ricardo Velasquez
- Richard Gilbert
- Richard Lilford
- Richard Opoku-Agyeman
- Richard Spence
- Richard William Gilbert
- Richmond Hagan
- Rifan Alyami
- Riinu Ots
- Ritauras Rakauskas
- Roaa Khan
- Robert George
- Robert Karlo
- Robert Kerley
- Robert Mcintyre
- Robert Morton
- Robert Parker
- Robert Tyler
- Roberta Bugeja
- Roberta Tutino
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- Robertas Baltrunas
- Robertas Pranevicius
- Roberto Cautiero
- Roberto Cirocchi
- Roberto Faccincani
- Roberto Klappenbach
- Roberto Macchiavello
- Roberto Peltrini
- Roberto Schiavone
- Robinson Mas
- Roel Matos-Puig
- Rofida Elsemelawy
- Roger Lawther
- Roger Schmid
- Rogge Lisa
- Rohan Ardley
- Rohi Shah
- Rokas Rackauskas
- Rokayah Julaihi
- Rokia Sakr
- Roland Osuoji
- Romeo Guevara
- Romeo Lages Simoes
- Romualdas Riauka
- Ronald Coasaca Huaraya
- Ronald Renato Barrionuevo Ojeda
- Ronan Cahill
- Rony Camacho
- Rory Callan
- Rosario Sacco
- Rose Khreishi
- Rosie Mcdonald
- Ross Bowe
- Ross Coomber
- Rowida Elmelegy
- Roxanne Chenn
- Roy Quek
- Ruben Rivas
- Ruben Santiago Restrepo Giraldo
- Rubén Balmaceda
- Rubén Darío Arias Pacheco
- Rudy Gunawan
- Rula Zaa'treh
- Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad Al-Hasani
- Ruta Mazelyte
- Ruth Blanco
- Ruth Gratton
- Ruth Scicluna
- Ryan Adams
- Ryan Choon Kiat Tan
- Ryan Mcintosh
- S S Prasad
- S V Kinnera
- Saad Al Awwad
- Sabbir Karim
- Sabine Irtan
- Sabrina Asturias
- Sabrina Dardenne
- Sabry Mohy Eldeen Mahmoud
- Safia Ali
- Safwat Al-Nahrawi
- Saged Elsherbiney
- Sahar Abdoun Ishag Idris
- Sahar Jaber
- Sahlu Wondimu
- Saiba Abdul-Latif
- Said Alyacoubi
- Sakhaa Hanoun
- Saleem El-Rabaa
- Saleh A Alnuqaydan
- Saleh Alqahtani
- Salim Anderson Khouri Ferreira
- Sally Elshanwany
- Sally Hallam
- Salma Magdy
- Salma Mansour
- Salma Said Elkolaly
- Salman Aldhafeeri
- Salomone Di Saverio
- Salwa Khallaf
- Sam Arman
- Sam Debrah
- Sam Seisay
- Samaa Mahmoud Al Attar
- Samah Afana
- Samantha Corro-Diaz Gonzalez
- Samar Abdelhady
- Samar Adel Ismail
- Samar Saad
- Samar Soliman
- Sameer Kushwaha
- Sameh Emile
- Sameh Sarsik
- Sami Martin Sundstrom
- Samson Olori
- Samuel Essoun
- Samuel Nigo
- Samuel Osei-Nketiah
- Samuel S Y Sii
- Samuel Sani Ali
- Sandip Kumar
- Sandra Ahlqvist
- Sandrine Kwizera
- Sandro Pasquali
- Sani Ali Samuel
- Sanju Sobnach
- Santiago Villalobos
- Sara Abd Elmageed Barakat
- Sara Ahmed
- Sara Al-Saqqa
- Sara Amr Mohamed Farouk
- Sara Arafa
- Sara Ayad
- Sara Elhamouly
- Sara Etienne
- Sara Ghanem
- Sara Kharsa
- Sara Mahmoud Abdel-Kader
- Sara Mamdouh Matter
- Sara María Contreras Mérida
- Sara Mehrez
- Sara Mohammed
- Sara W Al-Saqqa
- Sarah Abdelghany
- Sarah Antar
- Sarah Benammi
- Sarah Braungart
- Sarah Hafez
- Sarah Rayne
- Sarah Sahel
- Sarah Samy
- Saraibrahim Ahmed
- Saskia Highcock
- Saud Aljohani
- Saulius Bradulskis
- Saulius Mikalauskas
- Savino Occhionorelli
- Savni Satoskar
- Sawsan Adel Awad
- Sayed Sarwary
- Sayeda Nazmum Nahar
- Sayeeda Aktar Tori
- Sayinthen Vivekanantham
- Scott K D'amours
- Sean Mizzi
- Sebastian Bernardo Shu Yip
- Sebastian King
- Sebastian Shu
- Sebastian Sierra
- Sebastien Gaujoux
- Sebestian Shu
- Sefeldin Mahdi
- Selina Chiu
- Selina Man Yeng Chiu
- Semay Desta
- Serena Manfreda
- Serge Kapenda Tshisola
- Sergio Estupinian
- Sergio Ribaldi
- Sergio Zegarra
- Servio Tulio Torres Rodriguez
- Shadid Al Amin
- Shadid Alamin
- Shady Elhadry
- Shady Hussein
- Shady Mahmoud
- Shagorika Talukder
- Shahadatul Shaharuddin
- Shahinaz Alaa El-Din
- Shaimaa Aql
- Shalon Guevara Torres
- Shamsudeen Aliyu
- Sharad Karandikar
- Sharon Koh
- Shaza Rabie Mohamed
- Shereen Elsheikh
- Sherif Shehata
- Sherif Tariq
- Shimaa Gamal
- Shimaa Said Elkholy
- Shireen Gaafar
- Shirish Tewari
- Shiva Dindyal
- Shivanee Tharmalingam
- Shorouk El Mesery
- Shpetim Ymeri
- Shravan Nadkarni
- Shruti Ayyar
- Shu Ning Kong
- Shuang Yi Teo
- Shyam Gokani
- Shyang Yee Lim
- Silje Holte
- Silvia Basilicò
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- Simona Juciute
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- Sivasuriya Sivaganesh
- Siyaka Itopa Suleiman
- Siyi Chung
- Soaad Elsobky
- Sofia Mouttalib
- Soha Abushamleh
- Sohaila Elmihy
- Soliman Magdy Ahmed
- Sondos Turkustani
- Sophian Hmila
- South Africa
- Srinivas Pai
- Sriram Bhat
- Stassen Paul
- Stavros Parasyris
- Stefan Botes
- Stefan Breitenstein
- Stefan Zammit
- Stefano Berti
- Stefano Cucumazzo
- Stefano M M Basso
- Stefano Roncali
- Stella Binna Kim
- Sten Saar
- Stephanie Hiu-Wai Kwok
- Stephanie Van Straten
- Stephen Dias
- Stephen J Chapman
- Stephen Kache
- Stephen Mcaleer
- Stephen R Knight
- Stephen Tabiri
- Steponas Petrikenas
- Stuart J Fergusson
- Styliani Parpoudi
- Stylianos Germanos
- Sudipta Roy
- Sukrit Suresh
- Sule Burger
- Suleiman Baba
- Sultan Almuallem
- Sung-Hee Kim
- Sunil Kumar
- Suparna Das
- Suraya Bahar
- Susan Aviles
- Susan Limache
- Susan Wndy Mathew
- Susana Yrma Aranzabal Durand
- Svetlana Doris Brincat
- Swantje Kruspi
- Swapnil Roy
- Syed Abdul Wahhab Eusoffee Wan Ali
- Syed Altaf Naqvi
- Syed Asaat Ul Razi
- Sylvia Batista Lemaire
- Sylvie Mochet
- Syrine Rekhis
- T Ariani Widiastini
- Tagang Ebogo Ngwa
- Taha Yusufali
- Taher Al-Taher
- Tahir Muhammad Yaseen
- Tahir Yaseen
- Tahira Naqvi
- Taiwo Akeem Lawal
- Taiwo Lawal
- Tan Arulampalam
- Tanzeela Gala
- Tapan Kumar
- Tara Grima
- Tarek Ezzat
- Tarek Razek
- Tasneem Idress
- Tasnia Hamid Kanta
- Tatsiana Shachykava
- Taufiq Khan
- Tebian Hassanein Ahmed Ali
- Tessa Fautz
- Tewodros Worku
- Thamer Nouh
- Thays Brunelli Pugliesi
- Thea Dimech
- Thelma Tembo
- Thelma Xerri
- Theodore Pezas
- Theodosios Theodosopoulos
- Thiago Fernandes Giuriato
- Thierry Alihonou
- Thomas Feidantsis
- Thomas Fozard
- Thomas G Weiser
- Thomas M Drake
- Thomas Olagboyega Olajide
- Thomas Pinkney
- Thomas Prudhomme
- Thomas Sherman
- Thomas Tetens Moe
- Thuraya Alzayat
- Thusitha Sampath Hettiarachchi
- Tien Seng Bryan Lee
- Timothy White
- Tina Gaarder
- Tobias Schuetz
- Todisoa Emmanuella Christina Tolotra
- Tolg Cecilia
- Tom Am Malik
- Tom Arthur
- Tom Falconer Hall
- Tomas Abaliksta
- Tomas Jankus
- Tomas Poškus
- Tommaso Bocchetti
- Tommaso Campagnaro
- Tommaso Fontana
- Tony Mak
- Toqa Khafagy
- Torhild Veen
- Trude Beate Wold
- Tsz-Yan Katie Chan
- Tuan Nur'Azmah Tuan Mat
- Tunde Sholadoye
- Twc Mak
- Tyler Rouse
- Tzu-Ling Chen
- Uday Muddebihal
- Ufuk Karabacak
- Ulf Gunnarsson
- Ulf Gustafsson
- Umar Muktar
- Umberto Tedeschi
- Umme Salma
- Usama Hantour
- Uthman Alamoudi
- Valdemaras Jotautas
- Valentine Parent
- Vanessa Dina Palomino Castillo
- Vanessa Msosa
- Vania Guglielmo
- Vania Silvestri
- Vasileios Despotidis
- Vasileios Kalles
- Vasiliki Soulou
- Vassilis Kalles
- Veereanna Shatkar
- Venerand Barendegere
- Veronica Grassi
- Veronica Lazzari
- Vicky Jennings
- Victor Dassah
- Victor Etwire
- Victor Kong
- Victor Manuel Quintero Riaza
- Victor Nwinee
- Victoria K Proctor
- Vijaid Upadhyaya
- Vijay Gadhvi
- Viktorija Ambrozeviciute
- Viktorija Nevieraite
- Ville Sallinen
- Vimalakanthan Thanusan
- Vincas Jonas Banaitis
- Virgilijus Beisa
- Viviana Sollazzo
- Vivien Graffieille
- Vizir Jean Paul Nsengimana
- Vladimir Khokha
- Vollmer Sebastian
- Vu Thanh Hien Le
- Vytautas Gaižauskas
- Vytautas Lipnickas
- Wahid Anwer
- Wai Cheong Soon
- Wai Him Lam
- Wairimu Ndegwa
- Waleed Thabet
- Walid Adham
- Walter Forno
- Walter Ruiz Panez
- Wan Nurul 'Ain Wan Mohd Nasir
- Wanigasekara Senanayake Mudiyanselage Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake
- Ward Hamsho
- Wasim Dar
- Wedyan Alhazmi
- Wei Guo
- Weiguang Ho
- Weihei Dao
- Wendy Leslie Messa Aguilar
- Wennweoi Goh
- Wifanto Saditya Jeo
- Wilfredo Pino
- William Appeadu-Mensah
- William Beasley
- William Bonney
- William Hutch
- William J Lossius
- William Milligan
- Willy Alcca Ticona
- Wing Sum Li
- Witold Chachulski
- Xavier Delforge
- Xianelle Rodriguez
- Xinwei Low
- Xue Wei Chan
- Ya Theng Neo
- Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou
- Yahaya Ukwenya
- Yahya Salama
- Yaseen Rajjoub
- Yasmein Ibrahim
- Yasmin Abd-Elrasoul
- Yasmin Elfouly
- Yasmin Hegazy
- Yasmin Soliman
- Yasser Abd El Salam
- Yee Wen Tan
- Yehia Zakaria
- Yella Reddy
- Yi Koon Tan
- Yi Ting Mok
- Yih Jeng Cheong
- Yiing Yee Gan
- Yishan Der
- Yogendra Praveen Mogan
- Yomna Allam
- Yomna Hosny Asar
- Yong Yong Tew
- Yousef Abuowda
- Yousra El Shoura
- Ysabel Esthefany Alejos Bermúdez
- Yuk Hong Eric Cheung
- Yuksel Altinel
- Yung Kok Ng
- Yuri Macchitella
- Yves Aigrain
- Yücel Cengiz
- Zaher Mikwar
- Zahra Jaffry
- Zain Ali Khan
- Zainab Iftikhar
- Zaynab M Elsayed
- Zhongtao Zhang
- Zi Hao Sam
- Zigmantas Urniežius
- Zilvinas Dambrauskas
- Zineb Bentounsi
- Zygimantas Tverskis
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
- Author
- Aahlin Eirik Kjus
- Aamer Ahmed
- Aaniana Kenneth
- Ababneh Ali
- Abaliksta Tomas
- Abantanga Francis
- Abbas Mohamed
- Abbasy Jibran
- Abbo Olivier
- Abbouch Meryem
- Abd-Elmawla Manar
- Abd-Elrasoul Yasmin
- Abdallah Emad
- Abdel-Aty Abdulrahman
- Abdel-Hameed Noran
- Abdel-Kader Sara Mahmoud
- Abdel-Wahab Nehal Yosri Elsayed
- Abdelaal Abdelaziz
- Abdelaty Mohamed
- Abdelazeam Anan Rady
- Abdelazim Galaleldin
- Abdelaziz Mohamed A
- Abdelbadeai Kholoud
- Abdelfatah Afnan
- AbdelFattah Ibrahim
- Abdelgelil Asmaa
- Abdelghany Sarah
- Abdelhady Samar
- Abdelhamed Rasha
- Abdelhamid Amina
- Abdelhaq Aram
- Abdelkader Mostafa
- Abdelkader Omar
- Abdelkareem Ahmed
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Eman
- Abdelmotaleb Ibrahem
- Abdelraheim Mohamed
- Abdelraouf Ahmed Mahmoud
- Abdelrouf Doaa Maher
- Abdelshafy Mahmoud
- Abdelshakour Mahmoud
- Abdrabou Abdulshafi Khaled
- Abdul-Latif Saiba
- Abdulaziz Hager
- Abdulbagi Omar
- Abdulgawad Mahmoud
- Abdulhakeem Eman Mahmoud
- Abdullah Mohamed Abozed
- Abdullah Nik Azim Nik
- Abdullah Noha
- Abdullahi Lawal
- Abdurrazzaaq Abdussemiu
- Abebe Nebiyou Seyoum
- Abebe Nebyou Seyoum
- Abem Owusu Emmanuel
- Abiola Olajide
- Aboarab Aya
- Aboelella Majed
- Aboelmagd Omnia
- Aboelsoud Moustafa R.
- Aboraya Metwally
- Aboraya Mohammad
- Abouelnasr Alaa
- Aboul-Naga Mariam Saad
- Abouzahra Amany
- Abouzaid Arwa
- Abozaid Mohamed
- Abozeid Khaled
- Abozyed Mahmoud Ahmed Fathi
- Abu-toyour Maram
- Abubakr Marwan
- Abudeeb Haytham
- Abuowda Yousef
- Abuqwaider Eman
- Abusalem Lana
- Abuseif Mohamed
- Abushamleh Soha
- Ackom Eric
- Acquah Emmanuel
- Adam Nourhan
- Adams Ryan
- Adamu Ahmed
- Adawi Ihdaa
- Adawi Mohammad
- Adebanjo Ademola
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Adedeji Adesina
- Adekoya Adeleke
- Adel Abdalrahman
- Adel Ahmed
- Adel Badr Eldin
- Adel Israa
- Adella Fidelis Jacklyn
- Adelshone Abdelrahman
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji O
- Adenekan Babajide
- Adeniran James
- Adeniyi Adewale
- Adesanya Opeoluwa
- Adesina Alaba
- Adesuyi Abidemi
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adham Walid
- Adhitama Novia
- Adil Muhammad
- Adisa Adewale O
- Adnan Ahmad Bin
- Adu-Aryee Niiarmah
- Afana Samah
- Afandy Ahmed
- Afifi Ahmed Mohamed
- Africa South
- Agalianos Christos
- Agarwal Arnav
- Agbedinu Kwabena
- Agius Marija
- Aglan Amro
- Aguilar Wendy Leslie Messa
- Aguilar-Jimenez Jose
- Aguilera Maria Lorena
- Aguilera Omar
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Ahlonsou Germain
- Ahlqvist Sandra
- Ahmed Ahmed
- Ahmed Asdaq
- Ahmed Ataa
- Ahmed Emad Ali
- Ahmed Hala
- Ahmed Hayam
- Ahmed Hussien
- Ahmed Lopna Ahmed Mohamed
- Ahmed Sara
- Ahmed Saraibrahim
- Ahmed Soliman Magdy
- Ahounou Ernest Yemalin Stephane
- Aigrain Yves
- Ajah Jonathan
- Ajai Olalekan
- Ajao Akinlabi E
- Ajiboye Anthony
- Akatibo Emmanuel
- Akeel Nouf
- Akoto Elliot
- Al-Aarag Asmaa Abdel-Rahman
- Al-Azraqi Israa Abdullah Aziz
- Al-Buhaisi Alaa
- Al-Dakka Emad
- Al-Faifi Jubran J
- Al-faqawi Maha
- Al-farram Hadeel
- Al-Hameedi Hasan Ismael Ibraheem
- Al-Hasani Ruqaya Kadhim Mohammed Jawad
- Al-khatib Ahmed
- Al-Mallah Abdullah
- Al-Marakby Dina
- Al-Mousa Mashael
- Al-Nahrawi Safwat
- Al-Obaedi Ossama
- Al-saqqa Sara
- Al-Saqqa Sara W
- Al-shammari Abeer
- Al-Slaibi Ibrahim
- Al-taher Taher
- Alada Muslimat
- Alahmady Omar
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- Alaloul Enas
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- Aldhafeeri Salman
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- Alghamdi Basim
- Alghamdi Masood
- Alghamdi Mohammed Saleh A.
- Algohary Osama
- Alhabli Ibrahim
- Alhady Khaled
- Alhassan Basmah
- Alhazmi Wedyan
- Alhendy Mohammed
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- Ali Ahmad
- Ali Ahmed
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- Ali Elsayed
- Ali Farah Mahmoud
- Ali Hussein
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- Aljiffry Murad
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- Alkammash Abdelrahman
- Alkelani Muhammad
- Alkhabbaz Dalia
- Allam Meran
- Allam Mostafa
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- Allegri Andrea
- Allen John Lee Y
- Almallah Ahmad
- Almanon Christel Leanne
- Almoflihi Abdullah
- Almuallem Sultan
- Almy Jack
- Alnaby Mohamed Hassab
- Alnawam Ehab
- Alnuqaydan Saleh A.
- Alnusairat Aseel
- Alomar Ibrahim N.
- Alqahtani Enas
- Alqahtani Saleh
- Alrahawy Mahmoud
- Alrajraji Mawaddah
- Alrifaie Ahmad
- AlRowais Mohammed
- Alsaggaf Mohammed
- Alsaggaf Mohammed Ubaid
- Alser Osaid H.
- Alshareef Reham
- Altaf Abdulmalik
- Altamimi Abdullah
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- Altarayra Marwa
- Althwainy Amani
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- Altinel Yuksel
- Altoe Fernanda
- Altwigry Abdulrahman M.
- Altwijri Abdulaziz
- Alvarez Ismael Isaac Zelada
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- Alwafai Mohammad Ghassan
- Aly Abouelatta Khairy
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- Alzayat Thuraya
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- Barrios Emmanuel
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- Beasley William
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- Conci Simone
- Confalonieri Gianmaria
- Conlon Kevin C.
- Connor Katie
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- Coomber Ross
- Coompson Christian Lari
- Corbellini Carlo
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- Coronel Jazmin
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- D'amours Scott K
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- Dabboor Majd
- Dabbour Kareem
- Dabessa Daniel
- Dablouk Mohamed
- Dablouk Mohammed Osman
- Dagoe Enoch
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- Delforge Xavier
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- Dell Angela
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- Deputy Mohammed
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- Deutschmann Peter
- Devadasar Giridhar H
- Dénakpo Max
- Dharamshi Hasnain Abbas
- Diab Ahmed
- Diaconescu Bogdan
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- Dias Stephen
- Diaz-Zorrilla Carmina
- Dickfos Marilla
- Dijan Emilio
- Dimech Thea
- Dindyal Shiva
- Djivoh Fernande
- Domini Edgar
- Dorani Radin Mohd Nurrahman Radin
- Dossou Francis
- Dousset Bertrand
- Dragatas Deividas
- Drake Thomas M
- Driscoll Aoife
- Drungilas Mantas
- Dubois Andre
- Dueñas Carolina Guzmán
- Duhoranenayo Dieudonne
- Duinhouwer Lucia
- Dulskas Audrius
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- Dwydar Abdullah
- Ebdewi Hamdi
- Ebidy Mai
- Ebidy Mai Mohamed
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- Eduard Pandi
- Edwards Joanne
- Edye Michael
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- Eisner Lukas
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- El-badawy Hager Ahmed
- El-Dien Khalid Salah
- El-Din Reham Alaa
- El-Din Shahinaz Alaa
- El-Gizawy Esraa
- El-Hamouly Ahmed Sabry
- El-Kashef Hussein
- El-Latif Nadia Khalid Abd
- El-Ma'doul Angham Solaiman
- El-Rabaa Saleem
- El-Sagheer Nada
- El-Salam Fathia Abd
- El-Sawy Aya
- El-Sehily Ahmed
- El-Shahat Nermeen Soubhy
- El-Sheemy Hatem
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- Elabdin Hagir Zain
- Elashmawy Marwa
- Elashry Rehab
- Elazab Alaa
- Elazayem Ahmed Abo
- Elazoul Mohamed
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- Elbanby Esraa Samir
- Elbatahgy Ahmad
- Elbermawy Mohamed
- Elbisomy Khaled Hesham
- Eldafrawy Mahmoud
- Eldamaty Lotfy
- Eldeeb Ahmed Zaki
- Eldeen Esraa Alm
- Eldin Mostafa Ahmed Bahaa
- Elebute Olumide
- Elfarargy Arwa
- Elfeki Hossam
- Elfiky Mahmoud
- Elfil Mohamed
- Elfouly Nesma
- Elfouly Yasmin
- Elgebaly Ahmed
- Elgendy Alyaa Halim
- Elgendy Fatimah I
- Elgheriany Mohammed
- Elhadad Alaa
- Elhadary Nourhan Medhat
- Elhadry Shady
- Elhalawany Esraa
- Elhamouly Sara
- Elhelbawy Mohamed Salah
- Elhendawy Abdelaziz Osman Abdelaziz
- Elhoseny Ghada
- Elhusseiny Ahmed Abd Elmoen
- Elkadsh Iman
- Elkady Fatma
- Elkelany Ahmed
- Elkhadrawi Mahmoud
- Elkhalek Esraa Abd
- Elkholy Ahmed
- Elkholy Shimaa Said
- Elkolaly Salma Said
- Elkorashy Amr Muhammad
- Ellison Quinn
- Elmashala Amjad
- Elmasry Maha
- Elmelegy Rowida
- Elmihy Sohaila
- Elnagar Ahmedglal
- Elnajjar Mahmoud A.
- Elnemr Abdelrhman Essam
- Elrazek Aly Abd
- Elsabbagh Nourhan
- Elsameea Ahmed Abd
- Elsawahly Diaa Moustafa Elbendary
- Elsawy Amira
- Elsayed Makki
- Elsayed Mohammed
- Elsayed Nada Ahmed Reda
- Elsayed Nadin
- Elsayed Zaynab M
- Elsebaaye Abdelrhman Osama
- Elsehimy Mohamed
- Elsemelawy Rofida
- Elshaar Mohammed
- Elshaer Kareem
- Elshafay Abd Elrahman
- Elshami Mohamedraed
- Elshanwany Sally
- Elsharkawy Aya Adel
- Elsheikh Shereen
- Elsherbiney Saged
- Elsherbiny Abdallah Salah
- Elsherif Fawzia Abdellatif
- Elshobary Marwa
- Elsiddig Mohammed
- Elsobky Soaad
- Elsorogy Diaa Eldin Abdelazeem Amin
- Elwaey Aya
- Elwakil Hager
- Elwan Ayman
- Elwy Eman
- Elzahed Nada
- Elzayat Ibrahim
- Elzayat Mohamed
- Elzayyat Ibrahim
- Elzowawi Fathi
- Emadeldin Doaa
- Emadeldin Hossam
- Emara Eman
- Emergencia Cirugia De
- Emile Sameh
- Esam Abeer
- Espinoza Fernando
- Espinoza Kenny Turpo
- Espinoza Kevin Turpo
- Essam AA
- Essam Ahmed
- Essam Mahitab
- Essoun Samuel
- Estee Mahnuma Mahfuz
- Estupinian Sergio
- Etienne Sara
- Etman Mohamed
- Etwire Victor
- Evajelista Cicilia Viany
- Eysa Athar
- Eyssartier Emilie
- Ezzat Eslam
- Ezzat Tarek
- Faboya Omolara
- Faccincani Roberto
- Fadel Amr
- Fahiem Ahmed
- Fahim Marwan
- Fahmy Mohamed A Baky
- Fahy Ciara
- Fairfield Cameron
- Fakher Reem
- Falaschi Federica
- Falco Nicolò
- Falzon Malcolm
- Farag Ahmed
- Farahat Mahitab Morsy
- Faraz Ahmad
- Fares Mohamed
- Farfan Erick Samuel Florez
- Farhad Mustafa
- Farhan-Alanie Muhamed M H
- Farinella Eriberto
- Farmakis Konstantinos
- Farouk Sara Amr Mohamed
- Farrugia Alexia
- Faruq Amreen
- Fathy Aya Mohamed
- Fattah Ahmad Abdel
- Fatuga Adedeji
- Faturoti Olubukola
- Faure Alice
- Fautz Tessa
- Favero Alessandro
- Fawzy Ahmed
- Feidantsis Thomas
- Felipe Carolina Oliveira
- Fergany Alaa
- Fergusson Stuart J
- Fermani Claudio
- Fermani Claudio Gabriel
- Fernandes Cristina
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- Fernández Carmen
- Ferousis Christoforos
- Ferreira Salim Anderson Khouri
- Fievet Lucile
- Filatau Aliaksandr
- Firdouse Mohammed
- Firwana Aya
- Fitsum Agazi
- Fitzgerald J Edward
- Florez Luis Joaquín García
- Foco Maurizio
- Fok Chi Ying Jacquelyn
- Fontana Tommaso
- Foo Chi Chung
- Forno Walter
- Fouad Ahmed
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- null null
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- Woodward Helen
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- Worku Tewodros
- Wredberg Cecilia
- Wright Naomi J
- Xerri Thelma
- Yahaya Muhammad Taqiyuddin
- Yakubu Musah
- Yam Sir Young
- Yang James
- Yaseen Tahir
- Yaseen Tahir Muhammad
- Yavuz Mehmet Ali
- Ye Joselyn
- Yeang Li Jing
- Yeo Lee Shi
- Yeung Man Hon Andrew
- Yifieyeh Abiboye
- Yip Chingwan
- Yip Sebastian Bernardo Shu
- Ymeri Shpetim
- Yoganathan Pigeneswaren
- Yong Cheryl Ou
- Yong Guo Liang
- Youssef Daniel
- Youssef Haney
- Youssef Mohamed
- Youssif Jehad Hassan
- Yuksek Mahmut Arif
- Yusufali Taha
- Zaa'treh Rula
- Zachariades Dimitris-Christos
- Zadoroznas Antanas
- Zahran Diaaaldin
- Zakaria Esraay
- Zakaria Mahmoud
- Zakaria Yehia
- Zaki Ahmed
- Zalabia Mohamed F
- Zamarin Kresimir
- Zammit Stefan
- Zampitis Nikolaos
- Zani Augusto
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapata Felipe
- Zarb Ciskje
- Zardab Ali
- Zegarra Sergio
- Zerihun Abebe Bekele
- Zhang Zhongtao
- Zheng Fei
- Zidan Hagar
- Zidan Mohamed
- Ziff Oliver
- Zil-E-Ali Ahsan
- Zohair Ahmed
- Zuber Markus
- Zulkifli Athirah
- Žilinskas Justas
- Žilinskienė Reda
- Žiubrytė Greta
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially