E-commerce and territorial development in the Objective-1 spanish regions

The information and communication technologies constitute one of the main forces of the globalization. In this framework, the e-commerce takes advantage of Internet to improve the competitiveness of the companies and territories. In the nowadays scenario, the e-commerce opens development posibilities for the regions fewer developed, creating a virtual space that saves the geographical barriers. However, the use of its advantages requires infrastructures and equipment, organizational capacity and high formation in new technologies. In spite of the deficit that the objetive 1 spanish regions show in these fields to develop the their own Information Society, the attitude and the efforts of the public and private agents in improving their position in the national and international context, they open optimistic expectations on the future use of the advantages that the e-commerce offers for the growth and the improvement of the regional competitiveness in Spain. Nevertheless, one cannot hope the e-commerce is a decisive element to eliminate the territorial inequalities, not even the technologies of the information in its group, but rather it can be that they originate a restructuring of the spanish and european territorial pattern, where some regions will be able to improve thanks to the extension and deeping of the digital economy and others will worsen its position in the territorial system. In any event, the developed regions leave of a better position. All the analysts coincide in pointing out that the e-commerce is in an incipient phase, for what es expected that its growth in next years is very important. In this sense, this communication seeks to analyze the use of the possibilities that the e-commerce offers as tool of improvement of the competitiveness in the objetive 1 spanish regions in the framework of the regional development. To get this objetive, the theoretical linkings are revised among the new information and communication technologies, that allow the use of Internet like a trade channel, and the territorial development, showing the different focuses with those that are come approaching the influences of the Information Society on the regional competitiveness. Also, the current situation and perspectives of the objetive one spanish regions are rewied to face the challenges that outline the technological advances in this field in three environments: infrastructures and equipment; organization, support institutions and administration initiatives; and innovation, knowledge and formation.

Enhanced Image-Aided Navigation Algorithm with Automatic Calibration and Affine Distortion Prediction

This research aims at improving two key steps within the image aided navigation process: camera calibration and landmark tracking. The camera calibration step is improved by automating the point correspondence calculation within the standard camera calibration algorithm, thereby reducing the required time for calibration while maintaining the output model accuracy. The feature landmark tracking step is improved by digitally simulating affine distortions on input images in order to calculate more accurate feature descriptors for improved feature matching in high relative viewpoint change. These techniques are experimentally demonstrated in an outdoor environment with a consumer-grade inertial sensor and three imaging sensors, one of which is orthogonal to the rest. Using a tactical-grade inertial sensor coupled with GPS position data for comparison, the improved image aided navigation algorithm is shown to reduce navigation errors by 24% in position, 16% in velocity and 35% in attitude when compared to the standard image-aided navigation algorithm

Autonomous and Resilient Management of All-Source Sensors for Navigation Assurance

All-source navigation has become increasingly relevant over the past decade with the development of viable alternative sensor technologies. However, as the number and type of sensors informing a system increases, so does the probability of corrupting the system with sensor modeling errors, signal interference, and undetected faults. Though the latter of these has been extensively researched, the majority of existing approaches have constrained faults to biases, and designed algorithms centered around the assumption of simultaneously redundant, synchronous sensors with valid measurement models, none of which are guaranteed for all-source systems. This research aims to provide all-source multi-sensor resiliency, assurance, and integrity through an autonomous sensor management framework. The proposed framework dynamically places each sensor in an all-source system into one of four modes: monitoring, validation, calibration, and remodeling. Each mode contains specific and novel realtime processes that affect how a navigation system responds to sensor measurements. The monitoring mode is driven by a novel sensor-agnostic fault detection, exclusion, and integrity monitoring method that minimizes the assumptions on the fault type, all-source sensor composition, and the number of faulty sensors. The validation mode provides a novel method for the online validation of sensors which have questionable sensor models, in a fault-agnostic and sensor-agnostic manner, and without compromising the ongoing navigation solution in the process. The remaining two modes, calibration and remodeling, generalize and integrate online calibration and model identification processes to provide autonomous and dynamic estimation of candidate model functions and their parameters, which when paired with the monitoring and validation processes, directly enable resilient, self-correcting, plug-and-play open architecture navigation systems

Remote sensing image fusion on 3D scenarios: A review of applications for agriculture and forestry

Three-dimensional (3D) image mapping of real-world scenarios has a great potential to provide the user with a more accurate scene understanding. This will enable, among others, unsupervised automatic sampling of meaningful material classes from the target area for adaptive semi-supervised deep learning techniques. This path is already being taken by the recent and fast-developing research in computational fields, however, some issues related to computationally expensive processes in the integration of multi-source sensing data remain. Recent studies focused on Earth observation and characterization are enhanced by the proliferation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) and sensors able to capture massive datasets with a high spatial resolution. In this scope, many approaches have been presented for 3D modeling, remote sensing, image processing and mapping, and multi-source data fusion. This survey aims to present a summary of previous work according to the most relevant contributions for the reconstruction and analysis of 3D models of real scenarios using multispectral, thermal and hyperspectral imagery. Surveyed applications are focused on agriculture and forestry since these fields concentrate most applications and are widely studied. Many challenges are currently being overcome by recent methods based on the reconstruction of multi-sensorial 3D scenarios. In parallel, the processing of large image datasets has recently been accelerated by General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit (GPGPU) approaches that are also summarized in this work. Finally, as a conclusion, some open issues and future research directions are presented.European Commission 1381202-GEU PYC20-RE-005-UJA IEG-2021Junta de Andalucia 1381202-GEU PYC20-RE-005-UJA IEG-2021Instituto de Estudios GiennesesEuropean CommissionSpanish Government UIDB/04033/2020DATI-Digital Agriculture TechnologiesPortuguese Foundation for Science and Technology 1381202-GEU FPU19/0010

Cannabinoid Receptors Modulate Neuronal Morphology and AnkyrinG Density at the Axon Initial Segment

Peer reviewe

Eva

Relato seleccionado. Categoría Senior del Certamen

Measuring punitive attitudes towards immigrants in Spain: design and validation of a questionnaire

Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech.Spain is one of the European countries that receives the most immigrants. This phenomena is very relevant for criminology, since the relationship between immigration, crime and public insecurity is part of the collective imagination. Public opinion about the punishment that offenders deserve (punitive attitudes) has been well studied, but there is no much specific research about that opinion regarding immigrants, at least in Spain. To supply this, a questionnaire to measure punitive attitudes towards immigrants was designed. In the validation process of the questionnaire, and before the expert judging, a pre-test was conducted among students of the Degree in Criminology and Master’s degree in Criminal Law and Criminal Policy at Universtiy of Malaga. Although the main objective of this was to test the questionnaire and detect errors, it was also possible to draw some interesting conclusions

Adsorción de contaminantes en sedimentos del Holoceno de la región de La Plata

Técnicas geológicas, geoquímicas y geofísicas fueron aplicadas a los fines de determinar la presencia y concentración de metales pesados en sedimentos de los cursos de agua de la región de La Plata. Estos arroyos, que atraviesan el casco urbano, han sido entubados en su gran mayoría, empero en los sectores bajos y en la planicie costera corren a cielo abierto por canales.Con el crecimiento urbanístico y poblacional, los cursos de agua son también receptores de desechos urbanos, industriales y agropecuarios. Interpretamos que las arcillas de los sedimentos de la región retienen con mayor facilidad (adsorción) los contaminantes, que si estos materiales fueran de granulometría gruesa. A partir de este supuesto se realizó la investigación procurando establecer la relación existente entre los distintos parámetros utilizados, los metales pesados, la variación del contenido en materia orgánica y la concentración de óxidos de hierro. Esto último debido particularmente a que óxidos y oxyhidróxidos de hierro, en asociación con arcillas esmectitas, coadyuvan en el proceso de adsorción de contaminantes. El área de estudio se ubica en 34º 50´ y 35º 2´ Lat. S, 57º 45´ y 58º 5´ Long. W.Geological, geochemical and geophysical techniques were applied for the purposes of determining the presence and concentration of heavy metals in streams sediments of La Plata region. These streams, passing through the town, have been tuned in its vast majority, but in low areas as on the coastal plain they run in open channels.With the population and urban growth, water courses are also recipients of urban, industrial and agricultural wastes. We interpret that clay minerals of the sediments of the streams retain more easily (adsorption) pollutants than sediments of coarse grain size. From this assumption a research trying to establish the relationship between the parameters used, heavy metals and variation of the organic matter was performed. The concentration of total iron oxides was also taken into account considering that iron oxides and oxyhydroxides assist in the process of adsorption of contaminants in association with smectite clays. The area of study is located between 34º 50´- 35º 2´ Lat. S and 57º 45´- 58º 5´ Long. W

A Machine Learning Model for Early Prediction of Crop Yield, Nested in a Web Application in the Cloud: A Case Study in an Olive Grove in Southern Spain

Predictive systems are a crucial tool in management and decision-making in any productive sector. In the case of agriculture, it is especially interesting to have advance information on the profitability of a farm. In this sense, depending on the time of the year when this information is available, important decisions can be made that affect the economic balance of the farm. The aim of this study is to develop an effective model for predicting crop yields in advance that is accessible and easy to use by the farmer or farm manager from a web-based application. In this case, an olive orchard in the Andalusia region of southern Spain was used. The model was estimated using spatio-temporal training data, such as yield data from eight consecutive years, and more than twenty meteorological parameters data, automatically charged from public web services, belonging to a weather station located near the sample farm. The workflow requires selecting the parameters that influence the crop prediction and discarding those that introduce noise into the model. The main contribution of this research is the early prediction of crop yield with absolute errors better than 20%, which is crucial for making decisions on tillage investments and crop marketing.European Commission PYC20-RE-005-UJA 1381202-GEU IEG-2021 y PREDIC_I-GOPO-JA-20-0006Instituto de Estudios GiennesesJunta de AndaluciaMinistry for Ecological Transition and the Demographic Challenge, Spanish Government (AEMET, Agencia Estatal de Meteorologia

Use of 3D models as a didactic resource in archaeology. A case study analysis

The generation of 3D models through Terrestrial Laser Scanning has proved to be valuable tools for the study, documentation and recreation of archaeological remains. In this context, it is described how to generate a physical model to provide not only to researchers, but also as teaching material for teachers for university students, facilitating their access and study. As a practical case, this article describes the acquisition, processing and management of archaeological data in the archaeological site of Cástulo, Jaén, in South Spain. We expound how to get the 3D-printed model of the Muslim tower, showing how it is possible to generate a scale and very reliable reproduction of the structure, being also an useful and tangible material in the teaching of cultural heritage