Association of personality and disposional mindfulness with work engagement and performance

Treball Final de Grau en Psicologia. Codi: PS1048. Curs: 2018/2019.Mindfulness is becoming more and more important in the work context. Dispositional mindfulness refers to mindfulness as a personality-like trait and it is clearly associated with work-related variables such as work engagement and performance. This construct is also influenced by personality traits and associated with subjective well-being. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between dispositional mindfulness, work-related variables, and happiness in workers of an online marketing company. We also examined the association between subjective well-being and workrelated variables. Our hypotheses were: (1) Dispositional mindfulness scores would be related to work engagement and work performance; (2) the five facets of dispositional mindfulness would be associated with work-related variables; (3) the personality dimensions emotional stability and conscientiousness would be associated with workrelated variables; and (4) subjective well-being would correlate with work engagement and performance. Participants were 73 workers from a group of online marketing companies. The questionnaires used measured personality, dispositional mindfulness, work engagement and performance, and subjective well-being. The results partially confirmed the hypotheses. It was found that work-related variables were associated with mindfulness, especially work performance. In addition, the non-judging facet of dispositional mindfulness and the trait conscientiousness were also related to performance. Finally, happiness was significantly correlated with work-related variables. In conclusion, the non-judging facet of mindfulness and the personality trait conscientiousness are relevant factors in the work context, without forgetting the role of happiness.El mindfulness está adquiriendo cada vez más importancia en el ámbito laboral. El mindfulness disposicional hace referencia al mindfulness como rasgo y está claramente relacionado con variables relacionadas con el trabajo, como el compromiso y desempeño laborales. Este constructo, a su vez, puede verse influido por los rasgos de personalidad y se asocia con el bienestar subjetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la relación entre el mindfulness disposicional y variables relacionadas con el trabajo, así como la felicidad en una empresa. Nuestras hipótesis fueron: (1) las puntuaciones de la escala del mindnfulness disposicional estarían asociadas con compromiso y desempeño laborales; (2) las cinco facetas del mindfulness se relacionarían con las dos variables del laborales; (3) las dimensiones de estabilidad emocional y responsabilidad se relacionarían con compromiso y desempeño laborales; y, (4) el bienestar subjetivo estaría relacionado con las variables laborales evaluadas.. La muestra estaba compuesta por 73 trabajadores de una empresa de marketing online. Los cuestionarios usados medían la personalidad, mindfulness disposicional, compromiso y desempeño laborales, y bienestar subjetivo. Los resultados que se obtuvieron confirmaron parcialmente las hipótesis planteadas. De este modo, encontramos que las variables laborales estaban asociadas con el mindfulness, siendo con desempeño la relación más alta. Asimismo, solamente una de las facetas del mindfulness, no juzgar, se asoció con desempeño laboral. En cuanto a las dimensiones de personalidad, la responsabilidad fue la que más se relacionó con las variables del trabajo. Finalmente, la felicidad correlacionaba significativamente con las variables asociadas al trabajo. Se concluyó que el mindfulness y la dimensión responsabilidad son factores importantes a tener en cuenta en el contexto laboral, así como los aspectos positivos como el bienestar subjetivo

Opinions and perceptions of patients with cardiovascular disease on adherence: a qualitative study of focus groups

Background Cardiovascular diseases are becoming more frequent throughout the world. Adherence to both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, as well as lifestyles, is important for good management and control of the disease. This study aims to explore the opinions and perceptions of patients with ischemic heart disease on the difculties associated with therapeutic adherence. Methods An interpretive phenomenological study was carried out using focus groups and one semi-structured interview. The MAXQDA qualitative data analysis program was used for inductive interpretation of the group discourses and interview. Data were coded, and these were grouped by categories and then consolidated under the main themes identifed. Results Two in-person focus groups and one remote semi-structured interview were performed. Twelve participants (6 men and 6 women) from the Hospital de San Juan de Alicante participated, two of them being family companions. The main themes identifed were aspects related to the individual, heart disease, drug treatment, and the perception of the health care system. Conclusions Adhering to recommendations on healthy behaviors and taking prescribed medications for cardiovascular disease was important for most participants. However, they sometimes found polypharmacy difcult to manage, especially when they did not perceive the symptoms of their disease. Participants related the concept of fear to therapeutic adherence, believing that the latter increased with the former. The relationship with health professionals was described as optimal, but, nevertheless, the coordination of the health care system was seen as limited.This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII)/European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), (RICAPPS: RD21/0016/0024). The authors acknowledge support from the Health Research Projects—Strategic Action in Health (Reference: PI20/01304) of the SpanishFondo de Investigación Sanitaria—Instituto de Salud Carlos III, co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund/European Social Fund: A way to make Europe/Investing in Your Future

Risk of Cancer in Cases of Suspected Lynch Syndrome Without Germline Mutation

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instability (MSI) and a mismatch repair (MMR) immunohistochemical deficit without hypermethylation of the MLH1 promoter are likely to be caused by Lynch syndrome. Some patients with these cancers have not been found to have pathogenic germline mutations and are considered to have Lynch-like syndrome (LLS). The aim of this study was to determine the risk of cancer in families of patients with LLS. Methods: We studied a population-based cohort of 1705 consecutive patients, performing MSI tests and immunohistochemical analyses of MMR proteins. Patients were diagnosed with Lynch syndrome when they were found to have pathogenic germline mutations. Patients with MSI and loss of MSH2 and/or MSH6 expression, isolated loss of PMS2 or loss of MLH1 without MLH1 promoter hypermethylation, and no pathogenic mutation were considered to have LLS. The clinical characteristics of patients and the age- and sex-adjusted standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) of cancer in families were compared between groups. Results: The incidence of CRC was significantly lower in families of patients with LLS than in families with confirmed cases of Lynch syndrome (SIR for Lynch syndrome, 6.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.58–9.54; SIR for LLS, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.16–3.56; P < .001). However, the incidence of CRC was higher in families of patients with LLS than in families with sporadic CRC (SIR for sporadic CRC, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.27–0.79; P < .001). Conclusions: The risk of cancer in families with LLS is lower that of families with Lynch syndrome but higher than that of families with sporadic CRC. These results confirm the need for special screening and surveillance strategies for these patients and their relatives.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI-080726, INT-09/208, and PI11/026030), the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria/FEDER (PS09/02368, 10/00384, 10/00918, 11/00219, and 11/00681), Fundació Olga Torres (CRP) and FP7 CHIBCHA Consortium (SCB and ACar), the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (SAF2010-19273), and Agència de Gestió d’Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2009 SGR 849). SCB is supported by a contract from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (CP03-0070). CIBERER and CIBERehd are funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III

Hepatogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue in comparison with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

AIM: To investigate and compare the hepatogenic transdifferentiation of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSC) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) in vitro. Transdifferentiation of BMSC into hepatic cells in vivo has been described. Adipose tissue represents an accessible source of ADSC, with similar characteristics to BMSC. METHODS: BMSCs were obtained from patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty and ADSC from human adipose tissue obtained from lipectomy. Cells were grown in medium containing 15% human serum. Cultures were serum deprived for 2 d before cultivating under similar pro-hepatogenic conditions to those of liver development using a 2-step protocol with sequential addition of growth factors, cytokines and hormones. Hepatic differentiation was RT-PCR-assessed and liver-marker genes were immunohistochemically analysed. RESULTS: BMSC and ADSC exhibited a fibroblastic morphology that changed to a polygonal shape when cells differentiated. Expression of stem cell marker Thy1 decreased in differentiated ADSC and BMSC. However, the expression of the hepatic markers, albumin and CYPs increased to a similar extent in differentiated BMSC and ADSC. Hepatic gene activation could be attributed to increased liver-enriched transcription factors (C/EBPβ and HNF4α), as demonstrated by adenoviral expression vectors. CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to hepatogenic transdifferentiation in vitro. ADSCs have a similar hepatogenic differentiation potential to BMSC, but a longer culture period and higher proliferation capacity. Therefore, adipose tissue may be an ideal source of large amounts of autologous stem cells, and may become an alternative for hepatocyte regeneration, liver cell transplantation or preclinical drug testing

Desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación criterial y cualitativa para la Enseñanza General Básica, con tratamiento diferencial en cada uno de los ciclos

Revisar, teórica y metodológicamente, los procesos técnicos de evaluación implicados en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la EGB. Poner a disposición de la escuela un conjunto de pruebas del nivel mínimo, que aseguren una medida criterial del grado de suficiencia de los aprendizajes terminales básicos, y que sean capaces de determinar la situación del escolar en cada ciclo y área de la EGB (ciclo inicial y medio; áreas de Matemáticas, Lenguaje, Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias de la Naturaleza). Planteamiento de objetivos específicos. El colectivo de sujetos para cada prueba es superior a 150. Se estructura en 4 fases. Fase I: identificación de los sectores diferenciales de evaluación en función de las orientaciones legales; determinación y definición operacional de sectores curriculares; agrupar objetivos educativos y aplicar una estrategia a los contenidos de los programas escolares, con una perspectiva diferenciada para Lenguaje, Matemáticas, Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Naturales. Fase II: concreción de los objetivos básicos de aprendizaje para cada sector-diferencial, selección de objetivos terminales para cada ciclo y área, creación de los cuadros de equivalencias en cada sector curricular, entre objetivos, ítems y criterio de superación. Fase III: aplicación piloto de las pruebas criteriales. Se controlan las características individuales de rendimiento escolar previo, nivel sociocultural familiar y escolaridad. Fase IV: corrección y tratamiento de la información; estimación del dominio y de la relevancia de los objetivos por los profesores. Pruebas criteriales. Cuadros, porcentajes, figuras, gráficas, homogeneidad interna, discriminación-eficacia, correlación ítem-test, desviación standard. La evaluación referida al criterio es una metodología adecuada para ayudar a los docentes en la toma de decisiones respecto a la promoción o retención del aprendizaje escolar, así como para incrementar la validez interna de cada objetivo de aprendizaje. Ofrecen un listado de objetivos de cada área y ciclo. En cuanto a la metodología empleada, se muestra con sensibilidad suficiente para diferenciar dentro de cada área y ciclo, aquellos niveles que son necesarios alcanzar para condicionar el éxito en aprendizajes ulteriores. La determinación de los sectores curriculares, como medio taxonómico de los objetivos, es necesario para afrontar la evaluación cualitativa. Las áreas que se han manifestado más heterogéneas son las Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias Naturales.ValenciaBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín, 5 - 3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; Fax +34917748026; [email protected]

La evaluación criterial en la Educación Primaria

Existe una investigación previa con el título: Desarrollo de instrumentos de evaluación criterial y cualitativa para la Enseñanza General Básica, con tratamiento diferencial en cada uno de los ciclosEl objetivo es revisar, teórica y metodológicamente, los procesos técnicos de evaluación implicados en el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje en EGB. Se trata de poner a disposición de la escuela un conjunto de pruebas del nivel mínimo, que aseguren una medida criterial del grado de suficiencia de los aprendizajes terminales básicos, y que sean capaces de determinar la situación del escolar en cada ciclo y área de EGB: ciclo inicial y medio; áreas de Matemáticas, Lenguaje, Ciencias Sociales y Ciencias de la Naturaleza. Se concibe, por tanto, como una aportación a la diseminación de principios metodológicos, técnicas y resultados potencialmente útiles para la actividad escolar, tanto para la fase de programación como para la consecuente evaluación de los aprendizajes escolares básicos.Ministerio Educación CIDEBiblioteca de Educación del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte; Calle San Agustín 5 -3 Planta; 28014 Madrid; Tel. +34917748000; [email protected]

EPCAM Germ Line Deletions as Causes of Lynch Syndrome in Spanish Patients

The standard genetic test for Lynch syndrome (LS) frequently reveals an absence of pathogenic mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes known to be associated with LS. It was recently shown that germ line deletions in the last exons of EPCAM are involved in the etiology of LS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of EPCAM deletions in a Spanish population and the clinical implications of deletion. Probands from 501 families suspected of having LS were enrolled in the study. Twenty-five cases with MSH2 loss were identified: 10 had mutations of MSH2, five had mutations of MSH6, and 10 did not show MSH2/MSH6 mutations. These 25 cases were analyzed for EPCAM deletions using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and deletions were mapped using long-range PCR analysis. One subject with no MSH2/MSH6 mutations had a large deletion in the EPCAM locus that extended for 8.7 kb and included exons 8 and 9. The tumor exhibited MSH2 promoter hypermethylation. EPCAM deletion analysis followed by MSH2 methylation testing of the tumor is a fast low-cost procedure that can be used to identify mutations that cause LS. We propose that this procedure be incorporated into clinical genetic analysis strategies and present a decision-support flow diagram for the diagnosis of LS

Prevalence of MLH1 constitutional epimutations as a cause of Lynch syndrome in unselected versus selected consecutive series of patients with colorectal cancer

Background The prevalence of MLH1 constitutional epimutations in the general population is unknown. We sought to analyse the prevalence of MLH1 constitutional epimutations in unselected and selected series of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods Patients with diagnoses of CRC (n=2123) were included in the unselected group. For comparison, a group of 847 selected patients with CRC who fulfilled the revised Bethesda guidelines (rBG) were also included. Somatic and constitutional MLH1 methylation was assayed via methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of cases lacking MLH1 expression. Germline alterations in mismatch-repair (MMR) genes were assessed via Sanger sequencing and methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Results Loss of MLH1 expression occurred in 5.5% of the unselected series and 12.5% of the selected series (p<0.0001). No constitutional epimutations in MLH1 were detected in the unselected population (0/62); five cases from the selected series were positive for MLH1 epimutations (15.6%, 5/32; p=0.004). Conclusions Our results suggest a negligible prevalence of MLH1 constitutional epimutations in unselected cases of CRC. Therefore, MLH1 constitutional epimutation analysis should be conducted only for patients who fulfil the rBG and who lack MLH1 expression with methylated MLH1.This work was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI08/0726, INT-09/208, PI11/2630, INT-12-078, INT13-196, UGP-13-221) and the Asociación Española contra el Cáncer (Fundación Científica GCB13131592CAST). EH-I received a grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI12/00233) and CG received a predoctoral grant from Conselleria d’Educació de la Generalitat Valenciana (VALi+d. EXP ACIF/2010/018)

Comparison between universal molecular screening for Lynch syndrome and revised Bethesda guidelines in a large population-based cohort of patients with colorectal cancer

Background: The selection of patients for genetic testing to rule out Lynch syndrome is currently based on fulfilment of at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria followed by mismatch repair (MMR) status analysis. A study was undertaken to compare the present approach with universal MMR study-based strategies to detect Lynch syndrome in a large series of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: 2093 patients with CRC from the EPICOLON I and II cohorts were included. Immunohistochemistry for MMR proteins and/or microsatellite instability (MSI) analysis was performed in tumour tissue. Germline MLH1 and MSH2 mutation analysis was performed in patients whose tumours showed loss of MLH1 or MSH2 staining, respectively. MSH6 genetic testing was done in patients whose tumours showed lack of MSH6 expression or a combined lack of MSH2 and MSH6 expression but did not have MSH2 mutations. PMS2 genetic testing was performed in patients showing isolated loss of PMS2 expression. In patients with MSI tumours and normal or not available MMR protein expression, all four MMR genes were studied. Results: A total of 180 patients (8.6%) showed loss of expression of some of the MMR proteins and/or MSI. Four hundred and eighty-six patients (23.2%) met some of the revised Bethesda criteria. Of the 14 (0.7%) patients who had a MMR gene mutation, 12 fulfilled at least one of the revised Bethesda criteria and two (14.3%) did not. Conclusions: Routine molecular screening of patients with CRC for Lynch syndrome using immunohistochemistry or MSI has better sensitivity for detecting mutation carriers than the Bethesda guidelines.Instituto de Salud Carlos III (INT09/208 and PI08/0726). Fundación de la CV para la Investigación en el Hospital General Universitario de Alicante. Grant SAF 07-64873 from the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia. Funds from the AGAUR (2009 SGR 849) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FI07/00303) CIBERehd is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. Grant from Conselleria d’Educació de la Generalitat Valenciana (VALi+d)