Mecanismos de contribución voluntaria en un sistema de recaudo de impuestos: un análisis experimental

Mediante economía experimental y teoría de juegos, y teniendo en cuentaconceptos teóricos de economía política y economía de la información, estedocumento tiene como objetivo hacer análisis experimentales que permitanobtener conclusiones (no necesariamente expandibles a la población total enel sentido estadístico) y pensar en políticas para optimizar el recaudo derivadode contribuciones voluntarias de los agentes que se destinan a lafinanciación de bienes públicos. De los resultados se hacen recomendacionessobre las características de los agentes a los que debe dirigirse la políticay sus posibles comportamientos, así como las acciones e incentivos quepodrían implementarse para tomar decisiones óptimas en la implementaciónde este tipo de mecanismos en política fiscal.Los resultados muestran que de los agentes económicos que participaron enlos experimentos, los de estrato socioeconómico medio tienen mayor tendenciaa contribuir de manera voluntaria y que existen mecanismos eficientesque incentivan la contribución voluntaria, como los puntos de provisión y lacomunicación abierta entre los agentes. Los experimentos también evidenciaronla importancia de la generación de confianza y la reputación del gobiernoentre los contribuyentes.economía experimental, economía política, economía de lainformación, bienes públicos.

Tests Management in CALIPSOneo: A MDE Solution

Testing in Software Engineering is one of the most important phases although, unfortunately, it cannot be always successfully fulfilled due to time constraints. In most cases, the development phase takes more time than it was estimated, entailing negative effects on the testing phase. The delay increases even more in Research and Development (R + D) projects, where the real time to execute tasks is more difficult to control. Model Driven Engineering (MDE) offers a solution to avoid testing costs without affecting the execution quality of the applied test. This paper presents a practical overview of a Model Driven Testing (MDT)-based methodology and its impact on CA LIPSOneo project, which was carried out in liaison with Airbus Defense and Space and, particularly, with the Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) departmentMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación TIN2013-46928-C3-3-RJunta de Andalucía TIC-578

Acoustic noise-based detection of ferroresonance events in isolated neutral power systems with inductive voltage transformers

Power-quality events and operation transients in power systems (PS) with isolated neutral can saturate inductive voltage transformers (IVT), which, when interacting with the overhead and underground cable capacitances, can cause ferroresonance events in the local PS. This abnormal operating mode can partially or totally damage the transformers and switchgears within the affected PS. Distribution system operators (DSO) can minimize these effects by detecting ferroresonance events accurately and fast enough and changing the mode of operation accordingly. Direct detection methods, i.e., based on voltage measurements, are reliable, but the massive deployment of this solution is relatively expensive; i.e., power quality analyzers cost thousands of USD. Alternatively, indirect detection methods are also available, e.g., IVT vibration measurements with accelerometers costing hundreds of USD, but their reliability depends on the installation method used. This manuscript proposes using the acoustic noise caused by magnetostriction forces within the IVT core during ferroresonance events to detect their occurrence. Compared to other indirect methods, electret condenser microphones with preamplifying stage cost less than USD 10 and are less sensitive to the installation procedure. The proposed method is validated experimentally, and its performance compared to IVT vibration measurements one by using the same detection methodology.This work was partially financed by the EU Regional Development Fund (FEDER) and the Spanish Government under RETOS-COLABORACION RTC-2017-6782-3, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under project PID2021-128941OB-I00, and by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 864579 (FLEXIGRID)

STIM1 deficiency is linked to Alzheimer’s disease and triggers cell death in SH-SY5Y cells by upregulation of L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ entry

La STIM1 es una proteína del retículo endoplásmico con un papel en la movilización y señalización del Ca2+. Como sensor de los niveles intraluminales de Ca2+, STIM1 modula los canales de Ca2+ de la membrana plasmática para regular la entrada de Ca2+. En las células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y y en los fibroblastos cutáneos familiares de pacientes con la enfermedad de Alzheimer, STIM1 se divide en el dominio transmembrana por la presenilina-1-asociada a γ-secretase, lo que lleva a una desregulación de la homeostasis del Ca2+. En este informe, investigamos los niveles de expresión de STIM1 en los tejidos cerebrales (giro frontal medio) de pacientes con enfermedad de Alzheimer confirmada patológicamente, y observamos que el nivel de expresión de la proteína STIM1 disminuyó con la progresión de la neurodegeneración. Para estudiar el papel de STIM1 en la neurodegeneración, se diseñó una estrategia para eliminar la expresión del gen STIM1 en la línea de células de neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y mediante la edición del genoma mediado por CRISPR/Cas9, como un modelo in vitro para examinar el fenotipo de las células neuronales deficientes de STIM1. Se demostró que, si bien la STIM1 no es necesaria para la diferenciación de las células SH-SY5Y, es absolutamente esencial para la supervivencia de las células en la diferenciación. Las células STIM1-KO diferenciadas mostraron una disminución significativa de la actividad del complejo I de la cadena respiratoria mitocondrial, la despolarización de la membrana interna de la mitocondria, la reducción de la concentración de Ca2+ libre en la mitocondria y mayores niveles de senescencia en comparación con las células de tipo salvaje. En paralelo, las células STIM1-KO mostraron una entrada de Ca2+ potenciada en respuesta a la despolarización, que era sensible a la nifedipina, apuntando a los canales de Ca2+ operados por voltaje de tipo L como mediadores de la entrada de Ca2+ aumentada. El derribo estable de las transcripciones de CACNA1C restauró la función mitocondrial, aumentó los niveles mitocondriales de Ca2+ y redujo la senescencia a los niveles basales, demostrando el papel esencial de la regulación de la entrada de Ca2+ operada por voltaje a través de los canales Cav1.2 en la muerte celular deficiente de STIM1 SHSY5Y.STIM1 is an endoplasmic reticulum protein with a role in Ca2+ mobilization and signaling. As a sensor of intraluminal Ca2+ levels, STIM1 modulates plasma membrane Ca2+ channels to regulate Ca2+ entry. In neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells and in familial Alzheimer’s disease patient skin fibroblasts, STIM1 is cleaved at the transmembrane domain by the presenilin-1-associated γ-secretase, leading to dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis. In this report, we investigated expression levels of STIM1 in brain tissues (medium frontal gyrus) of pathologically confirmed Alzheimer’s disease patients, and observed that STIM1 protein expression level decreased with the progression of neurodegeneration. To study the role of STIM1 in neurodegeneration, a strategy was designed to knock-out the expression of STIM1 gene in the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell line by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, as an in vitro model to examine the phenotype of STIM1-deficient neuronal cells. It was proved that, while STIM1 is not required for the differentiation of SH-SY5Y cells, it is absolutely essential for cell survival in differentiating cells. Differentiated STIM1-KO cells showed a significant decrease of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity, mitochondrial inner membrane depolarization, reduced mitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration, and higher levels of senescence as compared with wild-type cells. In parallel, STIM1-KO cells showed a potentiated Ca2+ entry in response to depolarization, which was sensitive to nifedipine, pointing to L-type voltage-operated Ca2+ channels as mediators of the upregulated Ca2+ entry. The stable knocking-down of CACNA1C transcripts restored mitocondrial function, increased mitochondrial Ca2+ levels, and dropped senescence to basal levels, emonstrating the essential role of the upregulation of voltage-operated Ca2+ entry through Cav1.2 channels in STIM1-deficient SHSY5Y cell death.• Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte. Beca FPU13/03430 • The Company of Biologists. Ayuda JCSTF-170507 • Ministerio de Economía, y Competitividad. Proyectos BFU2014-52401-P y BFU2017-82716, para Francisco Javier Martín Romero • Ministerio de Economía, y Competitividad. Proyectos BFU2014-53641-P y BFU2017-85723-P, para Ana María Mata Durán y Carlos Gutiérrez Merino • Junta de Extremadura. Ayudas GRU15077 e IB16088, para Francisco Javier Martín Romero • Junta de Extremadura. Ayuda GRU15139, para Ana María Mata DuránpeerReviewe

Estudio dinámico de la movilidad escolar mediante tecnologías web de geolocalización

[ES] Los desplazamientos realizados a los centros de enseñanza son unos de los comportamientos de movilidad más sensibles debido a la vulnerabilidad de sus principales protagonistas: los niños, y su interacción con otros tipos de usuarios. Además, la temporalidad de estos movimientos es un factor de alto impacto, pues provoca problemas puntuales de congestión en zonas próximas a los colegios en las horas concretas de entrada y salida, por lo que se generan conflictos en la circulación, poniendo en riesgo a usuarios, y a conductores y peatones del entorno. El domicilio habitual de los alumnos y sus modos de desplazamiento hasta el centro educativo, serán datos fundamentales para poder establecer políticas adecuadas de movilidad en cada uno de los centros. Y para poder formular acciones conjuntas en esta materia sobre una región, se requiere conocer con rigurosidad, y de una forma global, el problema existente en un gran número de centros. En este trabajo se desarrolla una investigación sobre seguridad vial en entornos escolares, basada en las nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación, desarrollando y aplicando técnicas de geolocalización a través de Internet, que permiten relacionar datos sobre el comportamiento de los usuarios de los viales, con las localizaciones del origen y destino de los desplazamientos. De esta manera se dispone de información desagregada de gran interés para analizar sobre Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG), estudiando rutas óptimas desde domicilios a centros educativos, viales empleados, longitudes de recorridos, características de los desplazamientos, adecuación de infraestructuras, modos y servicios de transporte, etc., con lo que se elabora un complejo informe estadístico sobre la movilidad escolar. Este trabajo cuenta con una subvención de la DGT para el desarrollo de proyectos de investigación en el área de tráfico, movilidad y seguridad vial correspondientes a 2015.Este artículo se encuadra dentro del proyecto titulado ESTUDIO DINÁMICO DE LA MOVILIDAD ESCOLAR MEDIANTE TECNOLOGÍAS WEB DE GEOLOCALIZACIÓN y que ha sido subvencionado, con la referencia SPIP2015-01867, mediante Resolución de 24 de noviembre de 2015 de la Dirección General de Tráfico, por la que se resuelve la convocatoria de subvenciones destinadas al desarrollo de proyectos de investigación en el área de tráfico, movilidad y seguridad vial, correspondientes al ejercicio 2015, convocatoria efectuada por Resolución de 1 de julio de 2015, de la Dirección General de Tráfico (B.O.E. núm. 160, de 6 de julio).Varela-García, F.; Hernández Ibañez, L.; Novales Ordax, M.; Orro Arcay, A.; Gutiérrez Puebla, J.; López Fernandez, J. (2016). Estudio dinámico de la movilidad escolar mediante tecnologías web de geolocalización. En XII Congreso de ingeniería del transporte. 7, 8 y 9 de Junio, Valencia (España). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 2001-2010. https://doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4107OCS2001201

Lack of association between TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism and risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

This is copy of an article published in the DNA and cell biology 2012 © Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.; DNA and cell bilogy is available online at: http://online.liebertpub.comRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) mortality. Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) activates the innate immune response via NF-kB pathway and mitogenactivated protein kinase signaling, leading to expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The G allele of TLR4 rs4986790 (+ 896A > G, Asp299Gly) gene polymorphism has been implicated in reduction of risk of atherosclerosis. In this study, 1481 RA patients fulfilling the 1987 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria were genotyped for the rs4986790 TLR4 variant to determine the influence of this variant in the risk of CV events in these patients. Also, HLA-DRB1 status was determined using molecular based methods. Moreover, potential influence of rs4986790 variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed in a subgroup of RA patients with no history of CV events by the measurement of surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the rs4986790 variant between RA patients who experienced CV events or not were found. Likewise, no significant association between this gene variant and any of the surrogate markers of subclinical atherosclerosis was found. In summary, results in our study do not support the hypothesis that the rs4986790 (+ 896A > G, Asp299Gly) TLR4 variant may influence predisposition for subclinical atherosclerosis and clinically evident CV disease in RA patientsThis study was supported by two grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI06-0024 and PS09/00748 (Spain). This work was partially supported by RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), within the VI PN de I +D+ i 2008–2011 (FEDER). M.G.B. is supported by a grant from Fundación Española de Reumatología (FER). R.L.M. is supported by a grant by IFIMAV, Santander (Spain)

Lipoxygenase and Its Relationship with Ethylene During Ripening of Genetically Modified Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)

Pozadina istraživanja. TomloxB je glavna izoforma lipoksigenaze koja utječe na dozrijevanje i starenje voća, dok je etilen, biljni hormon koji se oslobađa u obliku plina, nužan za regulaciju sazrijevanja klimakteričnog voća poput rajčice. No, odnos između izoforme TomloxB i proizvodnje etilena nije dosad detaljno istražen. Stoga je svrha ovoga rada bila procijeniti učinak dodatka etilena na sazrijevanje transgene rajčice koja sadržava utišani gen TomloxB i odrediti aktivnosti lipoksigenaze i oksidaze 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline te proizvodnju etilena u plodu rajčice. Također je određena ekspresija gena koji kodiraju oksidazu 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline i gen TomloxB. Eksperimentalni pristup. Za istraživanje utjecaja lipoksigenaze i oksidaze 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline, voće je brano u različitim fazama dozrijevanja ploda: pri prvoj pojavi ružičaste boje, kad je cijeli plod ružičast i potpuno crveni plod. Proizvodnja etilena i ekpresija gena određeni su u transgenim rajčicama i onima divljeg tipa ubranim u fazi kad plod tek poprima ružičastu boju. Genetički modificirane rajčice i divlji tip rajčica tretirane su s 100 μL/L etilena. Zatim je spektrofotometrijski mjerena aktivnost lipoksigenaze. Aktivnost oksidaze 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline i prozvodnja etilena određeni su plinskom kromatografijom. Za određivanje ekspresije gena metodom PCR u stvarnom vremenu upotrijebljeni su oligonukleotidi za različito eksprimirane gene, i to za oksidazu 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline i TomloxB. Rezultati i zaključci. Dobiveni podaci pokazuju da se utišavanjem gena TomloxB smanjila aktivnost lipoksigenaze i proizvodnja etilena u plodovima rajčice, ali i aktivnost oksidaze 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline. Posljedično tome, dodatak etilena povećao je aktivnost lipoksigenaze u svim uzorcima, a aktivnost oksidaze 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline samo u transgenim linijama, i to u fazi u kojoj plod poprima ružičastu boju. Dodatak etilena inducirao je pozitivnu regulaciju gena TomloxB, jer se povećanjem količine etilena povećala i aktivnost lipoksigenaze. Rezultati pokazuju da lipoksigenaza može kontrolirati oksidazu 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kiseline i proizvodnju etilena u fazi zrelosti u kojoj plod poprima ružičastu boju. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Rezultati ovog rada pridonose boljem razumijevanju metaboličke funkcije izoforme TomloxB u sazrijevanju ploda te načina na koji je povezana s procesima starenja, čime se može produljiti rok trajanja voća. Razumijevanje odnosa između lipoksigenaze i etilena korisno je za bolje rukovanje plodovima rajčica nakon berbe.Research background. TomloxB is the main isoform of lipoxygenase associated with ripening and senescence of fruits. On the other hand, ethylene, a gaseous hormone, is essential for the regulation of ripening in climacteric fruits like tomatoes. However, the relationship between TomloxB and ethylene production has not been thoroughly studied. Therefore, we aim to assess the effect of exogenous ethylene in transgenic tomatoes that contain a silenced TomloxB gene, and subsequently evaluate lipoxygenase activity, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and ethylene production; as well as to quantify the expression of the genes encoding 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and TomloxB. Experimental approach. To investigate the effect of lipoxygenase and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity, fruits harvested at the stages of break, turning and pink were used. Tomatoes at break stage collected from transgenic and wild type plants were used to determine ethylene production and gene expression. Genetically modified and wild type tomato fruits were exposed to 100 μL/L exogenous ethylene. Lipoxygenase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and ethylene production were determined by gas chromatography. Oligonucleotides for differentially expressed genes: 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and TomloxB were used to determine gene expression by real-time PCR. Results and conclusions. The data showed that silencing of TomloxB caused a reduction in lipoxygenase activity and ethylene production in tomato fruits, and also reduced 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity. Hence, the addition of exogenous ethylene increased lipoxygenase activity in all treatments and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase activity only in transgenic lines at break stage, consequently there was a positive regulation between TomloxB and ethylene, as increasing the amount of ethylene increased the activity of lipoxygenase. The results suggest that lipoxygenase may be a regulator of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase and production of ethylene at break stage. Novelty and scientific contribution. These results lead to a better understanding of the metabolic contribution of TomloxB in fruit ripening and how it is linked to the senescence-related process, which can lead to a longer shelf life of fruits. Understanding this relationship between lipoxygenase and ethylene can be useful for better post-harvest handling of tomatoes

CARD8 rs2043211 (p.C10X) polymorphism is not associated with disease susceptibility or cardiovascular events in spanish rheumatoid arthritis patients

This is a copy of an article published in the DNA Cell Biology (01-01-2013) copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. DNA Cell Biology is avalaible online at: http://online.liebertpub.comRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex polygenic inflammatory disease associated with accelerated atherosclerosis, which is the main cause of increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in RA patients. CARD8 is a constituent of inflammasome, which regulates interleukin 1-beta production, and has been associated with a worse disease course in early RA. One thousand six hundred twenty-one patients fulfilling the 1987 ACR classification criteria for RA and 1300 matched controls, were genotyped for the CARD8 rs2043211 (30T > A, p.C10X) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) using predesigned TaqMan SNP genotyping assay. The genotyping success rate in our study was greater than 94%. We assessed CARD8 rs2043211 gene polymorphism results in 1530 Spanish RA patients in whom information on CV disease and CV risk factors was available at the time of the study. Also, a subgroup of patients with no history of CV events (n = 276) was assessed for the potential influence of the rs2043211 variant in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis, by measurement of carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and presence of carotid plaques. No statistically significant differences in allele or genotype frequencies for the rs2043211 CARD8 gene variant between patients with RA and controls were seen. Similarly, CARD8 rs2043211 (30T > A, p.C10X) SNP did not influence the development of CV events or the risk of CV events throughout the time. Likewise, no significant association between this gene variant and carotid IMT or the presence of plaques was found. In summary, our results do not support a role of the CARD8 rs2043211 gene variant in susceptibility to RA or in the development of CV disease in patients with RAThis work was supported by grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias PI06-0024 and PS09/00748 (Spain), and by RETICS Program, RD08/0075 (RIER) from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), within the VI PN de I +D+ i 2008–2011 (FEDER). M.G.B. is a beneficiary of a grant from Fundación Española de Reumatología (FER)

The RISCOSS platform for risk management in open source software adoption

Managing risks related to OSS adoption is a must for organizations that need to smoothly integrate OSS-related practices in their development processes. Adequate tool support may pave the road to effective risk management and ensure the sustainability of such activity. In this paper, we present the RISCOSS platform for managing risks in OSS adoption. RISCOSS builds upon a highly configurable data model that allows customization to several types of scopes. It implements two different working modes: exploration, where the impact of decisions may be assessed before making them; and continuous assessment, where risk variables (and their possible consequences on business goals) are continuously monitored and reported to decision-makers. The blackboard-oriented architecture of the platform defines several interfaces for the identified techniques, allowing new techniques to be plugged in.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author’s final draft

IAA : Información y actualidad astronómica (33)

Sumario : Las estrellas jóvenes “imitan” a los agujeros negros.-- La Nebulosa de la Pipa.-- Galaxias “guisante verde”.-- HISTORIAS DE ASTRONOMÍA. Palomas y elefantes.-- DECONSTRUCCIÓN Y otros ENSAYOS. Misión Sunrise.-- EL “MOBY DICK” DE... Martín Guerrero Roncel (IAA-CSIC).-- ACTUALIDAD.-- ENTRE BASTIDORES.-- CIENCIA: PILARES E INCERTIDUMBRES : Agujeros negros.-- ACTIVIDADES IAA, AGENDA Y RECOMENDADOS.N