Management of retained hemothoraces after chest tube thoracostomy for trauma

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Role of the Renin Angiotensin System in Blood Pressure Allostasis-induced by Severe Food Restriction in Female Fischer rats

Severe food restriction (FR) is associated with blood pressure (BP) and cardiovascular dysfunction. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulates BP and its dysregulation contributes to impaired cardiovascular function. Female Fischer rats were maintained on a control (CT) or severe FR (40% of CT) diet for 14 days. In response to severe FR, BP allostasis was achieved by up-regulating circulating Ang-[1-8] by 1.3-fold through increased angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and by increasing the expression of AT1Rs 1.7-fold in mesenteric vessels. Activation of the RAS countered the depressor effect of the severe plasma volume reduction (≥30%). The RAS, however, still underperformed as evidenced by reduced pressor responses to Ang-[1-8] even though AT1Rs were still responsive to the depressor effects of an AT1R antagonist. The aldosterone (ALDO) response was also inadequate as no changes in plasma ALDO were observed after the large fall in plasma volume. These findings have implications for individuals who have experienced a period(s) of severe FR (e.g., anorexia nervosa, dieters, natural disasters) and suggests increased activity of the RAS in order to achieve allostasis contributes to the cardiovascular dysfunction associated with inadequate food intake

Effects of spatial and environmental factors on benthic a macroinvertebrate community

Interactions between terrestrial and aquatic systems influence the structure of river habitats and, consequently, affect their benthic macroinvertebrate composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of spatial and environmental variables (local physical and chemical variables of water and regional landscape characteristics) on the benthic macroinvertebrate community of the Pandeiros River Basin. Biotic and abiotic variables were evaluated at 20 sampling sites distributed across the primary sub-basins of the Pandeiros River Basin. We found that the macroinvertebrates were primarily affected by environmental variables. The most important environmental variables were pebble proportion and water conductivity at the local scale (7.2% of explained variation) and elevation and nonforest areas at the regional scale (6.9% of explained variation). The spatial variables were representative only in shared explained variation with the environmental matrices (local-spatial = 0.2% and regional-spatial = 2%; all matrices combined = 4.4%). Sampling sites with higher non-forest areas, lower elevations, and steeper slopes presented low pebble fractions and higher electrical conductivities. Habitat diversity was lower when the percentage of pebbles decreased, resulting in decreased taxonomic richness and diversity in macroinvertebrate communities. High electrical conductivities and non-forest areas also had negative effects on macroinvertebrate density due to the loss of habitat diversity. We conclude that higher proportions of pebbles in the substrate and higher altitudes were likely the primary variables for positive effects on the taxonomic richness and density of macroinvertebrate communities

Efeito de diferentes vestimentas sobre a comportamento da frequência cardíaca, ventilação pulmonar e concentração de água corporal em exercício contínuo

The clothing used during exercise is an important determinant of hyperthermia and cardiorespiratory adjustments. The purpose of this study the indirect effect of two different types of clothing on cardiorespiratory parameters and water body in a continuous exercise was compared. 10 men, mean age 18.3 ± 0.3 years, 68.7 ± 8,9 kg (BM), 178 ± 10,2 cm (Estature) and 23,13 ± 3,4 (BMI). They conducted two continuous aerobic tests of 30-minute tests at the anaerobic threshold, with ligth clothing (shorts and T-shirt) and heavy clothing (pants, T-shirt and camouflage jacket, used by the military). Reviewed basal metabolic rate, lean body mass, corporal water, heart rate, pulomonary ventilation before and after the tests. No differences were found between the parameters studied in relation to light and heavy clothing. Conclusion, the use of pants, jacket and shirt made with cotton fabric in a physical activity lasting 30 minutes at anaerobic threshold intensity at room temperature 22 oC is not a thermal stress to preclude the same

ENSINO RELIGIOSO NO BRASIL: COMPARANDO AS EXPERIÊNCIAS DE SERGIPE E PERNAMBUCO NUMA PERSPECTIVA DE CONSTRUÇÃO DA TOLERÂNCIA

This article aims to analyze the limits of application of the provisions of Article 33 of Law 9475 of July 22, 1997 in the school of education public networks of Sergipe and Pernambuco. Some guiding questions are: law enforcement can avoid proselytizing? How are the contents and standards for qualification of teachers? The article starts with the premise that in part the application of Law No. 9475 can not avoid proselytizing in Religious Education, a trend observed in the content in the standards for qualification of teachers in the Religious Education and in the involvement of religious organizations in the educational practice.RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo analizar los límites de la aplicación de lo dispuesto en el artículo 33 de la Ley 9475 del 22 de julio de 1997 en la escuela de las escuelas públicas de Sergipe y Pernambuco. Algunas preguntas guía son: la policía puede impedir proselitismo? ¿Cómo son los contenidos y las normas para la calificación de los docentes? Se parte de la premisa de que la aplicación parcial de la Ley N º 9475 no puede dejar de hacer proselitismo en Educación Religiosa, una tendencia que se observa en el contenido, las normas para la calificación de los docentes en la educación religiosa y la participación de las organizaciones religiosas en las prácticas educativas.Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os limites da aplicação dos dispositivos do artigo 33 da Lei 9475 de 22 de julho de 1997 no espaço escolar das redes públicas de ensino de Sergipe e Pernambuco. Algumas questões são norteadoras: a aplicação da lei consegue evitar o proselitismo? Como são definidos os conteúdos e as normas para habilitação dos professores? Parte-se da premissa de que a aplicação em parte da Lei Nº 9475 não consegue evitar o proselitismo no Ensino Religioso, tendência constatada nos conteúdos, nas normas para habilitação dos professores no Ensino Religioso e no envolvimento das entidades religiosas nas práticas educacionais

Experimental study of histological changes in vascular loops according to the duration of the postoperative period: Application in reconstructive microsurgery

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the histological changes observed in venous grafts subjected to arterial blood flow as a function of the duration of the postoperative period to optimize their use in free flap reconstructions. METHOD: Twenty-five rats (7 females and 18 males) underwent surgery. Surgeries were performed on one animal per week. Five weeks after the first surgery, the same five animals were subjected to an additional surgery to assess the presence or absence of blood flow through the vascular loop, and samples were collected for histological analysis. This cycle was performed five times. RESULTS: Of the rats euthanized four to five weeks after the first surgery, no blood flow was observed through the graft in 80% of the cases. In the group euthanized three weeks after the first surgery, no blood flow was observed in 20% of the cases. In the groups euthanized one to two weeks after the first surgery, blood flow through the vascular loop was observed in all animals. Moreover, intimal proliferation tended to increase with the duration of the postoperative period. Two weeks after surgery, intimal proliferation increased slightly, whereas strong intimal proliferation was observed in all rats evaluated five weeks after surgery. CONCLUSION: Intimal proliferation was the most significant change noted in venous grafts as a function of the duration of the postoperative period and was directly correlated with graft occlusion. In cases in which vascular loops are required during free flap reconstruction, both procedures should preferably be performed during the same surgery