A New Combined European Permanent Network Station Coordinates Solution

The EUREF (International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe) network of continuously operating GPS stations (EPN) was primarily established for reference frame maintenance, and also plays an important role for geodynamical research in Europe. The main goal of this paper is to obtain an independent homogeneous time-series of the EPN station coordinates, which is also available in SINEX format. A new combined solution of the EPN station coordinates was computed. The combination was performed independently for every week, in three steps: 1. the stated constraints on the coordinates were removed from the individual solutions of the Analysis Centers; 2. the de-constrained solutions were aligned to ITRF2000; 3. the resulting solutions were combined using the Helmert block-ing technique. All the data from GPS week 900 to week 1302 (April 1997 - December 2004) were used. We investigated in detail the behavior of the transformation parameters aligning the new combined solution to ITRF2000. In general, the time-series of the transformation parameters show a good stability in time although small systematic effects can be seen, most likely caused by station instabilities. A comparison of the new combined solution to the official EUREF weekly combined solution is also presented

Near-margin ice thickness from a portable radar: implications for subglacial water routing, Leverett Glacier, Greenland

Ice thickness measurements near the margin of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) are relatively sparse, presenting issues for modelling ice flow dynamics, ice sheet change and subglacial hydrology. We acquired ice thickness data at Leverett Glacier, western Greenland, using a highly portable, low power commercially-available ice-penetrating radar operating at 10-80 MHz. Imaging of the bed to depths of 270 m was possible using this system. Our ice thickness measurements were incorporated into the BedMachine model of bed elevation created using mass conservation methods. The new data significantly modified the modelled ice thickness and routing of subglacial water in both the Leverett and adjacent Russell Glacier. Though changes to the modelled basal topography and subglacial hydrology are consistent with observations, our new data unrealistically reduced the overall size of the Leverett hydrological catchment. Additional ice thickness measurements are therefore required to realistically constrain subglacial topography and subglacial hydrological routing in this area. Our work has significantly enhanced our understanding of basal topography and subglacial hydrology of Leverett Glacier, with implications for glacier dynamics and assessments of water piracy between catchments in the marginal zone of the GrIS

Professional Standards Review Organizations and Health Maintenance Organizations: Are They Compatible?

In freestanding n-type 4H-SiC epilayers irradiated with low-energy (250 keV) electrons at room temperature, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the negative carbon vacancy at the hexagonal site, V-C(-)(h), and a new signal were observed. From the similarity in defect formation and the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the two defects, the new center is suggested to be the negative C vacancy at the quasi-cubic site, V-C(-)(k). The identification is further supported by hyperfine calculations

Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification

Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape

Endozoocoria por gaviotas y cigüeñas de la misma comunidad de plantas sin fruto carnoso

The comparison of plants dispersed by endozoochory between two migratory waterbirds (gulls and storks) within the Doñana ricefields showed no community differences between species. From 21 plant taxa, eight plant species were considered weeds, four alien species and only two fleshy fruit. Endozoochory by migratory waterbirds has major implications for plant distributions in a rapidly changing worldPeer reviewe

Data fish species

Data on fish remains found in the pellets of great cormorants

Identification of the negative carbon vacancy at quasi-cubic site in 4H-SiC by EPR and theoretical calculations

In freestanding n-type 4H-SiC epilayers irradiated with low-energy (250 keV) electrons at room temperature, the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the negative carbon vacancy at the hexagonal site, V-C(-)(h), and a new signal were observed. From the similarity in defect formation and the spin-Hamiltonian parameters of the two defects, the new center is suggested to be the negative C vacancy at the quasi-cubic site, V-C(-)(k). The identification is further supported by hyperfine calculations

Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification

Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dung removal increases under higher dung beetle functional diversity regardless of grazing intensification

Dung removal by macrofauna such as dung beetles is an important process for nutrient cycling in pasturelands. Intensification of farming practices generally reduces species and functional diversity of terrestrial invertebrates, which may negatively affect ecosystem services. Here, we investigate the effects of cattle-grazing intensification on dung removal by dung beetles in field experiments replicated in 38 pastures around the world. Within each study site, we measured dung removal in pastures managed with low- and high-intensity regimes to assess between-regime differences in dung beetle diversity and dung removal, whilst also considering climate and regional variations. The impacts of intensification were heterogeneous, either diminishing or increasing dung beetle species richness, functional diversity, and dung removal rates. The effects of beetle diversity on dung removal were more variable across sites than within sites. Dung removal increased with species richness across sites, while functional diversity consistently enhanced dung removal within sites, independently of cattle grazing intensity or climate. Our findings indicate that, despite intensified cattle stocking rates, ecosystem services related to decomposition and nutrient cycling can be maintained when a functionally diverse dung beetle community inhabits the human-modified landscape